基于工作地布置的生产系统整体化重组方法

提出一种基于工作地布置的生产系统整体化重组方法,其特征是采用循环工作模式和并行工作的方法,对生产系统进行整体化设计,从生产系统各功能领域的整体角度讨论中小企业生产系统重组的方法论体系.给出了一个实例.     

大型建筑机电综合图设计

建筑设备工程系统多，一般由建筑设计院水、电、空调等各专业设计人员各自布置管线和出图，缺乏系统的协调与平衡，致一些设备及管线会在建筑平面、立面位置上相互交叉发生冲突，甚至影响建筑物的正常使用。为了避免这种现象，通过对各系统管线的布置进行综合设计，既满足各专业技术要求，又使各系统管线合理布置，为施工、运行、使用、管理及维修创造有利的条件，介绍大型建筑机电综合图设计的原则及注意问题。     

灵捷生产系统

我国企业面临变化和不确定的市场环境，要求建立具有快速性、多品种适应性和可重组性三层特性的灵捷生产系统，以抓住市场机遇。本文针对某小型企业的具体情况，设计了一种基于自治单元的混合生产系统。这个方案交少的层次，统一管理生产部门和生产后勤部门；综合动用拉式与推式方法进行生产计划与控制。论文讨论了单元内部的组织机制和可重组性的实现要素。本文对我国中小企业生产重构有一定参考价值。     

制订生产系统重组战略的参与性方法

本文探讨了生产系统重组战略的参与性制订方法，这种方法的核心是为企业员工提供一个展示、讨论和交流自己的见解和主张的平台，通过集思广益对企业生产系统的状况进行分析和提出解决方案，并最终形成各项方案整体协调的生产重组战略。在文章的最后还将介绍这个方法在一个丹麦企业的应用实例。     

GRMS——一种新的面向订单的制造系统模式

本文提出了一种新的面向订单的制造系统模式－广义随机制造系统模式－ＧＲＭＳＭ。ＧＲＭＳ采用协调分布式控制方式，通过自治单元自下而上的竞争、自上而下的协调改善系统的性能；采用基于工作地的自主式工艺设计和资源重用等策略，实现订单制造的优化目标；采用基于动态网筛的漏斗模型，实现面向订单的均衡生产。文章介绍了ＧＲＭＳ的基本原理、体系结构，运行机制和特点。     

武器模拟训练系统软件功能模块间通信设计

某型轰炸机武器模拟训练系统软件的开发采用模块化设计方法,各功能模块负责部分训练功能,为实现模拟训练系统的整体功能,必须使各功能模块协调工作,而功能模块间的数据交换是实现整个系统协调工作的重要途径,结合模拟训练系统的开发,本文利用串行通信、进程通信和线程通信等技术设计了软件功能模块间的通信机制,实验结果表明,该通讯机制能满足功能模块间数据交换的要求.     

建筑机电设备安装中管线综合平衡技术要点

建筑机电设备安装中管线综合平衡技术是在保证各系统管线功能的前提下,能使管线的布置更合理、规范,本文提出管线综合平衡布置的原则与方法,是机电安装单位进行管线综合平衡工作中遵循的程序与原则。     

建筑机电设备安装中管线综合平衡技术要点

建筑机电设备安装中管线综合平衡技术是在保证各系统管线功能的前提下,能使管线的布置更合理、规范,本文提出管线综合平衡布置的原则与方法,是机电安装单位进行管线综合平衡工作中遵循的程序与原则。     

基于技术进化趋势的裁剪方法研究

裁剪是TRIZ中一种有效解决问题的方法,其通过删除问题元件,重组系统有用功能进行产品创新设计,达到简化系统与优化产品的目的.为了启发和引导设计者在裁剪过程中有效地利用资源,在使用裁剪规则引导创新设计的基础上,以具有预测性和启发性的技术进化趋势作为知识源,综合分析进化趋势解题与裁剪规则引导功能重组的资源来源,构建了进化趋势与裁剪规则的映射关系,提出了基于裁剪规则的多层次进化趋势选择策略,利用进化趋势辅助功能重组,构建了基于进化趋势的裁剪方法过程模型.最后通过钢带铠装机裁剪实例验证了此方法的合理性.     

集中控制系统在选煤厂的应用分析

文章介绍了基于PLC的选煤生产集控系统组成结构、系统功能及实现方法，讨论了PLC在该系统中的应用、各控制模块的功能以及通信网络等部分的设计方法。     

Identification of critical success factors,risks and opportunities of Industry 4.0 in SMEs

SMEs, as prominent actors in industry, must meet more and more complex customer expectations. Recently, the concept of Industry 4.0 has emerged. This new approach enables the control of production processes by providing real-time synchronisation of flows and by enabling the production of unitary and customised products. Our research goal is to identify Industry 4.0 risks, opportunities and critical success factors with regards to the industrial performance of SMEs. The recent emergence of Industry 4.0 and the inherent difficulty of identifying detailed examples has not yet enabled a satisfactory statistical study to be conducted on Industry 4.0 cases in SMEs. To reach our research goal, we selected 12 experts to conduct a Delphi study supplemented by Régnier’s abacuses. Our study demonstrates that the major risks facing the adoption of Industry 4.0 in SMEs include a lack of expertise and a short-term strategy mindset. Our research also indicates that training is the most important factor for success, that managers have a prominent role in the success and/or failure of an Industry 4.0 project, and that SMEs should be supported by external experts. Lastly, Industry 4.0 offers a unique opportunity to redesign SME production processes and to adopt new business models.     

Production system redesign using realistic visualisation

The process of redesigning production systems is usually complex, for which virtual design tools are available. These tools are used to analyse and evaluate planned changes prior to implementation, making it possible to identify and prevent costly design mistakes. Despite this, design mistakes arise during and after the implementation. A source for design mistakes is incorrect or insufficient spatial data of the production systems used in the virtual design tools. The aim of this paper is to show how to reduce the time required for planning and implementing the redesign by supporting the process with realistic visualisation, created from accurate spatial data of the real production systems. Three industrial studies were carried out to evaluate how address realistic visualisation in order to support the redesign process. The result shows terrestrial 3D laser scanning to be suitable for capturing spatial data for realistic visualisation of production systems. The realistic visualisation can be used to virtually analyse design alternatives of the production systems, by, for example, combining the 3D laser scan data with 3D CAD models. The realistic visualisation enabling effective and accurate planning, which gives the opportunity to reduce the time required for planning and implementing redesigned production systems.     

The industrial management of SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 provides new paradigms for the industrial management of SMEs. Supported by a growing number of new technologies, this concept appears more flexible and less expensive than traditional enterprise information systems such as ERP and MES. However, SMEs find themselves ill-equipped to face these new possibilities regarding their production planning and control functions. This paper presents a literature review of existing applied research covering different Industry 4.0 issues with regard to SMEs. Papers are classified according to a new framework which allows identification of the targeted performance objectives, the required managerial capacities and the selected group of technologies for each selected case. Our results show that SMEs do not exploit all the resources for implementing Industry 4.0 and often limit themselves to the adoption of Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things. Likewise, SMEs seem to have adopted Industry 4.0 concepts only for monitoring industrial processes and there is still absence of real applications in the field of production planning. Finally, our literature review shows that reported Industry 4.0 projects in SMEs remained cost-driven initiatives and there in still no evidence of real business model transformation at this time.     

Environmental appraisal of green production systems: Challenges faced by small companies using life cycle assessment

This paper presents a snapshot of key challenges encountered by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) devoted to green production systems acting on the call to substantiate their environmental claims. It highlights the overriding barriers of SMEs to meeting the standards for conducting credible product life cycle assessment (LCA), in terms of accessibility to customised data and epistemological limitations. This is illustrated using a real-world example describing the material and process flows for a recycling company. We demonstrate that the rigour towards compiling large (and in some cases nested) data sets, involving expert know-how and adequate representation of system boundary can pose operational barriers. This is underpinned by complications of conducting green production and process-based LCA, deemed essential in ascertaining product and process sustainability. Finally, the paper discusses issues highlighted by the case study and provides useful directions for production researchers, SMEs and consultants.     

Evaluation of value stream mapping in manufacturing system redesign

The value stream mapping (VSM) technique, developed within the lean production paradigm, was presented as an innovative graphic technique to help practitioners redesign production systems. This paper presents the results of a project whose main purpose is to evaluate the real applicability of VSM to redesign disconnected flow lines based on manufacturing environments with a diversity of logistical problems. The research was developed using multiple case study methodology in six industrial companies. The experiences have served to highlight the following results: (1) the validity of VSM as a redesign tool is confirmed; (2) resources required for the application process are established; and (3) the differences between theoretical concepts proposed by VSM and their real-world practical applications are indicated and analyzed. These results have led to conclusions relating to: (1) communication solutions for practitioners to obtain maximum efficiency when using VSM; and (2) definitions of theoretical development points for VSM to become a reference among redesign techniques.     

Engineering system co-design with limited plant redesign

Rather than designing engineering systems from the ground up, engineers often redesign strategic portions of existing systems to accommodate emerging needs. In the redesign of mechatronic systems, engineers typically seek to meet the requirements of a new application via control redesign only, but this is often insufficient and physical system (plant) design changes must be explored. Here, an integrated approach is presented for the redesign of mechatronic systems involving partial plant redesign that avoids costly complete redesign. Candidate plant modifications are identified using sensitivity analysis, and then an optimization problem is solved that minimizes redesign cost while satisfying system requirements. This formal methodology for Plant-Limited Co-Design (PLCD) is demonstrated using a robotic manipulator design problem. The PLCD result costs significantly less than the full redesign, and parametric studies illustrate the tradeoff between redesign cost and performance. It is shown that the proposed sensitivity analysis results in the lowest cost limited redesign.     

A constraint‐based approach to the modelling and analysis of packaging machinery

To enable packaging machinery manufacturers to compete at an international level, it is necessary to introduce them to more advanced design methods and technologies. For years, the evolution of packaging machinery has relied heavily on trial‐and‐error methods. The demands for continual increases in the performance capabilities of the machines, escalating legislation, environmental directives and changes in the characteristics of the product require rapid development of existing machine designs and the creation of new machines. This paper discusses the needs of SME packaging machinery manufacturers and identifies their requirements for methods in support of the design and redesign of packaging machinery. The need to identify, capture and manipulate design knowledge is critical for SMEs, where all too often design records are incomplete. Furthermore, a systems modelling approach that provides for support over the conceptual, embodiment and detailed design phases is essential for the rapid and effective development of designs. In order to meet these requirements, a methodology is proposed which incorporates ‘constraint modelling’ techniques. The methodology provides for experimental investigation and computer‐based modelling, which together aid the designer in gaining a fundamental understanding of the design problem. This enables the identification and representation of design knowledge, the determination of the limitations of an existing design, the evaluation of alternative designs and redesign strategies, as well as the embodiment, refinement and optimization of design solutions. The theory of ‘constraint modelling’ is discussed and the various phases of the methodology described. The applications of the methodology to a new machine design and a redesign program are also detailed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A DSS approach to developing systems to support production planning and control in smaller companies

Smaller Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) would benefit from manufacturing decision support systems (DSSs) in which the links between customer orders and manufacturing operations were maintained throughout the production planning process. However, systems with this characteristic are not available at prices that most SMEs can afford. This paper describes how a prototype DSS with this feature was developed and validated using data from a manufacturer of fencing materials. A hybrid relational database/object-oriented approach to modelling the manufacturing process is outlined. Static and slowly changing data about the manufacturing system were stored on a relational database, while more dynamic production planning information was built into an object model. The system made use of a 'Bill of Production' for each manufactured item that contained both materials and operation information, and was constructed at the time it was required from information held on the database.     

基于约束的生产系统再造及评价方法

在分析生产系统再造原理的基础上,将约束理论引入生产系统再造过程,提出基于约束的企业生产系统再造方法。这一方法的特点是依据约束理论思想进行约束流程的判别和确定,围绕现有生产系统约束进行再造设计。这一方法还基于约束理论的系统评价指标建立了生产系统再造评价指标,从而实现对再造效果动态评价。