Medium wave DRM field test results in urban and rural environments

This paper presents the results of the first Spanish field trial carried out to analyze a DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) system in the medium-wave band. A 4-kW average power omni directional ground-wave experimental DRM transmission at a frequency of 1359 kHz was surveyed by means of a measurement vehicle for fixed and mobile reception. Several radial routes starting from the transmitter site provided rural and suburban behavior features of the system. Urban reception trials were performed in several dense and open streets of Madrid, within the expected coverage area. Field strength threshold values were determined for the tested transmission configurations and compared with the AM ground-wave ITU model predictions. Reliability versus distance from the transmitter is stated in this paper for different transmission configurations and the causes of dropouts for different reception conditions are explained. This analysis took into account subjective quality features of each configuration, providing practical planning parameter values.     

Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) digital sound broadcasting in the AM bands

The paper describes the new world-wide broadcasting system Digital Radio Mondiale/spl trade/ (DRM/spl trade/) for the long, medium and short wave bands. It is originated by the goal of the consortium members to develop a flexible and efficient audio and data broadcasting standard. Better sound quality, more reliable reception in combination with additional service information make DRM a promising successor to analogue AM. Achieving good audio quality becomes a challenging task due to the limited bandwidth of 9 or 10 kHz, especially in often strongly impaired channels. Many other requirements, which were the basis for the system development, are illustrated. The article gives an overview of the system architecture, including the components for multiplexing, modulation, channel coding and source coding. Important receiver aspects, such as synchronization and channel estimation, are also described.     

中波数字AM广播实现方案

提出一种上下兼容的中波数字广播系统方案。该方案的数字基带传输方式为COFDM,与DRM和IBOC相同,射频调制仍采用保留载波的双边带调幅,不需要对现有广播发射机进行改动或更换,接收机可沿用目前中波收音机的包络检波或采用相干解调,实现复杂度低,便于形成规模生产。讨论了该方案实现的关键技术,并给出了发展和应用前景。     

A fourth-order bandpass sigma-delta modulator

The modulator of a bandpass analog/digital (A/D) converter, with 63 dB signal/noise for broadcast AM bandwidth signals centered at 455 kHz, has been implemented by modifying a commercial digital-audio sigma-delta (ΣΔ) converter. It is the first reported fully monolithic implementation of bandpass noise shaping and has applications to digital radio     

Time delay compensation of digital control for DC switchmode powersupplies using prediction techniques

One of the major disadvantages of digital control is the limited control loop bandwidth due to the inherent time delay introduced by the zero-order-hold effect and the computational time delay. To alleviate this problem, two practical and straightforward predictive schemes based on linear extrapolation are proposed. With the proposed schemes, the computational time delay of the control loop is compensated and the control loop bandwidth is increased. It is shown that, using the proposed techniques, the control loop bandwidth can be increased up to two times that of the conventional digital control loop. Also, the computational overhead needed to implement these techniques is kept to the minimum. A lab prototype system of a 1 kV full bridge DC power supply was set up for the proof of concept. The prototype system operated at 10 kHz and was controlled by a TI TMS320F240 DSP (20-MHz 16-bit fixed-point). Simulation and experimental results prove the validity of the proposed techniques     

Transmission System for ISDB-T/sub SB/ (Digital Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting)

In the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting (ISDB-T/sub SB/)transmission system, a narrow-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with one or three segment(s) is adopted. It is robust against multipath interferences in urban radio wave transmission. In addition, it is capable of mobile reception because of time interleaving. A transmission bandwidth of 432 kHz for one segment is narrow enough in order to allocate channels flexibly, and the "connected transmission" scheme, which allows multiple segment transmission with no guard band, is a highly efficient usage of the frequency resource. The ISDB-T/sub SB/ transmission system is consistent with ISDB-T, hence it enables a common receiver for partial reception of ISDB-T, digital television broadcasting. In this paper, the ISDB-T/sub SB/ transmission system,especially the differences from the ISDB-T transmission system, is introduced,and the current status of the ISBD-TSB digital terrestrial sound broadcasting service is shown.     

Vers les 20 kbit/s en transmission décamétrique ionosphérique : une application du traitement d’antenne sur des capteurs colocalisés

This paper presents an operational system of digital transmission within the h.f. frequency range, aiming at a significant increase of the data transfer rate compared with the current standard (4800 bit/s). Therefore, an array processing algorithm performs with a set of collocated sensors, the spatial responses of which are different one from each other. The dependence of the incoming polarization relatively to the direction of arrival induces a significant decorrelation of the received signals though no geometrical phase exists. Signal processing techniques run at the output of the spatial filter resorting for the synchronisation and the filtering (lms algorithm) to classical and well-tested techniques involving training sequences. An experimental radio link with a 250 km range has been set up to test the sensibility of the performances in reception regarding the choice of waveforms. The operational results reach the expected goal as the data transfer rate increases up to 20 kbit/s in a bandwidth of 6 kHz.     

基于DRM 数字调幅广播的高频外辐射源雷达实验研究

该文介绍了利用新近研制的全数字主被动一体化高频地波雷达系统,开展我国首次基于DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale)数字调幅广播的高频外辐射源雷达(HF Passive Bistatic Radar, HFPBR)实验研究的情况。论述了该体制雷达的理论、关键技术、探测设备和外场实验,给出了不同条件下(包括地波模式、天波模式、天地波混合传播模式)的典型探测结果,在国际上首次从实验上证实了利用DRM 广播信号实现超视距无源探测的技术可行性,为该探测技术的发展奠定了理论与实验基础。      

Minimum ON requirements for DRM reception based on field trials

This paper presents field measurements results of minimum signal to noise ratio required to achieve a threshold BER based on the first medium wave Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) measurement campaign in Spain. The main goal of these measurements has been to compare the laboratory simulated values recommended by the ITU with field measurements using real transmission and reception systems and real propagation and reception environments.     

DigiCipher-all digital, channel compatible, HDTV broadcast system

DigiCipher, an all-digital HDTV (high-definition television) system, with transmission over a single 6 MHz VHF or UHF channel, is described. It provides full HDTV performance with virtually no visible transmission impairments due to noise, multipath, and interference. It offers high picture quality, while the complexity of the decoder is low. Furthermore, low transmitting power can be used, making it ideal for simulcast HDTV transmission using unused or prohibited channels. DigiCipher can also be used for cable and satellite transmission of HDTV. There is no satellite receive dish size penalty (compared to FM-NTSC) in the satellite delivery of DigiCipher HDTV. To achieve the full HDTV performance in a single 6 MHz bandwidth, a highly efficient unique compression algorithm based on DCT (discrete cosine transform) transform coding is used. Through the extensive use of computer simulation, the compression algorithm has been refined and optimized. Computer simulation results show excellent video quality for a variety of HDTV material. For error-free transmission of the digital data, power error correction coding combined with adaptive equalization is used. At a carrier-to-noise ratio of above 19 dB, essentially error-free reception can be achieved     

Dynamic range of coherent analog fiber-optic links

We investigate the performance of coherent analog optical links employing amplitude modulation (AM), phase modulation (PM), and frequency modulation (FM). The performance of these coherent links is compared to that of AM direct-detection (DD) links. The signal-to-noise ratios, nonlinearities, and-spurious-free dynamic ranges (SFDR's) of the foregoing links are evaluated. We calculate the SFDR for links using DFB and Nd:YAG lasers with typical linewidths of 10 MHz and 5 kHz, respectively. The performance of PM and FM links is dominated by phase noise above a critical value of received optical power. For a linewidth of 10 MHz, and SFDR's of PM and FM links are 30 and 31 dB, respectively, for a received optical power above -27 dBm in a 1 GHz bandwidth. For a linewidth of 5 kHz, the corresponding SFDR's above a received power level of 0 dBm are 51 and 53 dB. The performance of DD and AM links is dominated by RIN above a critical value of received optical power. For a RIN level of -155 dB/Hz, the SFDR's of DD and AM links are 49 and 47 dB, respectively, for a received optical power of 10 dBm in a 1 GHz bandwidth. The SFDR's of the DD and coherent links used for transmission of subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) signals are also derived. We evaluate target laser parameters needed by a number of different applications. For AM video and antenna remoting applications, linewidths of <1 and <3 kHz are required to use PM and FM links, respectively. For FM video, linewidths of <150 and <350 MHz are required to use PM and FM links. For SCM digital applications, linewidths of <80 and <200 MHz are required to use PM and FM links. The paper concludes with a discussion of system implementation issues, including linearization, optical frequency modulation, balanced receivers, and IF issues     

基于数字调幅广播的无源双基地地波雷达

介绍了基于DRM数字调幅广播新体制双基地无源地波雷达的系统组成与工作原理,首先从理论上分析了利用DRM数字调幅广播信号作为双基地雷达探测系统非合作照射源的理论可行性,分析表明该信号具有极好的模糊函数性能,是一种利用价值极高的非合作式照射源;接着讨论了该雷达需要重点解决的直达波干扰问题,给出了具体算例和解决直达波干扰的参考方案;除用于传统目标探测外,最后还简要介绍了该雷达用于环境参数遥感（海洋表面动力学和电离层传播特性）的应用前景。     

Performance analysis of punctured convolutional codes andturbo-codes

Digital radio transmission techniques offer the prospect of improved reception compared with analogue signals and are being introduced for radio broadcasting in the short-wave bands. The coding scheme adopted plays an important part in achieving a high quality in the presence of noise and fading, which can be particularly severe for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) receivers. This paper compares the performance of turbo-codes and punctured convolutional codes over the radio broadcast transmission channels proposed in ITU-R Circular Letter 10/LCCE/39. The results show that the bit error ratio for binary communication over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels is low for turbo-codes in comparison with that for punctured convolutional codes having the same code rate. This result holds over a wide range of bit energy to noise power ratios. The results, which are evaluated in terms of the efficiency for Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels, show that system efficiency increases with decreasing code rate     

数字调幅广播的DRM与IBOC技术

分别介绍了由国际电联(ITU)推荐的世界数字无线电组织DRM和美国iBiquity数字公司带内同频IBOC2个可实现30MHz以下地面数字音频广播的系统方案的技术要点和指标,并对2个方案进行了对比研究,提出了对发展中国数字调幅广播的建议。     

DRM系统的关键技术--信源编码方法

简要指出模拟AM广播数字化的意义和DRM系统的产生，着重讨论了数字AM广播对信源编码的特殊要求，介绍了为适应特殊要求在DRM系统中使用的信源编码方法及频带恢复(SBR)原理。     

MF digital AM station antennas

It is very important having the proper antenna, specially in the MF AM band where achieving the necessary bandwidth in the antenna impedance is a difficult task. This problem is critical in the lower frequencies were the antenna matching to the transmission line generally is very sharp and the best match is obtained only at the carrier frequency with an appreciable power reflection in the lateral frequency bands. This problem is not very important in the classical AM transmissions were the maximum transmitted power is located at the carrier frequency and only a fraction in the upper and lower lateral bands. Of course this produces some distortion in the AM transmission but in this case the quality of the audio is not really of high fidelity, like in an FM transmission, due to a lot of factors, one of them the lack of the full audio spectrum. This problem can be corrected with high fidelity audio transmitters and specially with digital transmission in order to achieve CD quality audio and here the transmitting antenna plays an important role. In this paper MF AM antenna systems are analyzed not only from the input impedance point of view, but with consideration of all the factors in order to determine the best system in bandwidth and radiation properties in different parts of the standard AM band. Cylindrical, type A, and Cantilever classical monopoles and the modern dipole type antenna systems are compared, to provide the criteria for choosing an optimum antenna for the future digital AM service. Examples of measured field strength as a function of distance in a flat region are presented in order to show the interesting MF AM possibilities for a digital service     

Chip for linearisation of RF power amplifiers using digitalpredistortion

A digital VLSI chip is presented that implements the most critical part of a predistortion system for linearisation of RF power amplifiers. Measurements have shown that the chip provides seven times higher modulation bandwidth (208 kHz) at 10% power (100 mW) compared with a standard digital signal processor     

Extended 10 Gb/s fiber transmission distance at 1538 nm using aduobinary receiver

Chromatic dispersion penalties at 10 Gb/s and 1550 nm wavelength depend on the transmission bandwidth, not just the baseband information bandwidth. Duobinary transmission is known to reduce the transmission bandwidth relative to that of binary transmission. Using binary transmission, with both negative and zero chirp modulators, we present the first comparison of binary and duobinary reception and achieve an improvement in the chromatic dispersion limited transmission distance using duobinary reception. A 3.8 dB dispersion penalty is observed at 160 km using negative chirped binary transmission coupled to a receiver with a duobinary filter and decision circuit     

An OFDM all digital in-band-on-channel (IBOC) AM and FM radiosolution using the PAC encoder

The advances in digital communications and compression algorithms have made more efficient and more robust transmission schemes possible. Radio broadcast systems have not fully utilized these advances to their benefit. All digital robust radio broadcast systems for the AM and the FM band are proposed. The proposed systems are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology in conjunction with PAC for both the AM and the FM bands. The Perceptual Audio Coder (PAC) developed by Bell Laboratories compresses audio signals very efficiently with CD-like quality at 96 kbps and stereo FM-like quality at 48 kbps. These are rates achievable with 200 kHz and 30 kHz bandwidths available per FM and AM station respectively. No new spectrum is required since the digital signals are transmitted within the current allocated FCC masks. In an FM channel, a wide-band data subchannel can be provided in addition to the 96 kbps error protected PAC audio information