取消水煤气脱硫的甲醇净化新工艺

我国甲醇工业开始于1957年。20世纪90年代以来，甲醇工业发展很快，且中、小型装置约占88％，其生产能力约占40％，生产原料路线则以煤为主，煤占生产能力的77.0％，天然气占10.3％，乙炔占3.4％，     

利用风化煤生产腐植酸类肥料的研究

针对河北省井陉矿区丰富的风化煤资源，研究并介绍了一种风化煤生产腐植酸类肥料的方法。收率为９８％，腐植酸含量在６０％以上，产品质量合格，符合农业要求，为开发和利用该风化煤找一邓一条有效途径。     

煤沥青的生产及应用

煤沥青是煤焦油加工的大宗产品，中温沥青产率为煤焦油的54％-56％，煤沥青深加工是煤焦油化工的一个重要问题。本文概述了煤焦油加工的现状，并对煤沥青系列产品及深加工产品的技术开发、生产及应用进行了分析。     

塔塔钢铁公司捣固焦炉用的配煤

０前言虽然适合于炼焦的单种煤不多，但可用配煤的方法来获得满意的炼焦用煤，而配煤比则要根据所采用的炼焦技术而定。在炼焦生产中，可用调节配煤比的方法来控制焦炭质量、炼焦化学产品产量和炉墙压力。印度所产炼焦煤的特点是灰分高，结焦性差，煤阶低，活性组分少，岩相不均，难以洗选，洗精煤的灰分高达１７％～２２％。国际上一般规定灰分高于１４％的煤不能用于炼焦，配煤灰分均要求控制在６％～１０％。印度煤除灰分高外，其镜质组平均反射率低，最好焦煤的平均反射率也只在１．１５左右。所以，印度各钢铁厂普遍采用灰分低、煤阶高…     

煤制炭触媒在合成VAc生产中的应用

考察了煤制碳触媒在合成ＶＡｃ生产中的使用情况和性能，认为煤制炭触媒活性明显优于国产椰壳炭触媒，收率提高１５％，满足流化沸腾床合成ＶＡｃ的生产要求。     

转子秤断煤的解决措施

河北金牛二期工程是一条2500t／d新型干法水泥熟料生产线，窑头、窑尾喂煤秤均选用德国菲斯特公司生产的DRW4．1转子计量秤，喂料能力0～12t／h，计量精度1％，该秤集锁风、计量、喂煤为一体，计量精度高，喂煤均匀稳定、波动小。2005年6月份投产后使用效果良好，没有出现断煤波动现象，但自2005冬季开始出现头尾煤波动，且越来越历害，严重时长时间不下煤，影响正常的生产。     

立窑厂用煤矸石代替粘土配料生产早强水泥

1简介由于本地粘土质量欠佳，影响了生料成分和立窑的生产。而本地小煤窑多，堆积如山的煤研石，尚未得到很好地利用。根据这一情况我们在获港水泥厂42．gmXIOm机立窑上进行了用煤歼石代替粘土配料生产早强水泥的试验和生产实践。现就这一情况作一介绍，供参考。Zq碎石的化学成分煤歼石的化学成分及工业分析见表1。从表1可知，煤吁石的化学成分与粘土相近，但煤拜石中处Q含量一般较当地的粘土高8％～10％，有利于早强水泥的生产。同时煤肝石中还有一定煤质存在，平均发热量为ZO5lN／kg，配料时可减少用煤量。3原、燃料的化学成分及配料…     

水泥生产中煤灰掺入量的确定

1概述水泥生产采用煤作燃料时，熟料实际是由生料经煅烧后的产物和沉落的煤灰组成的。因此，配料中首先需确定煤灰的掺入量，其常用的计算式如下：式中：GA－煤灰掺入量，％；q－熟料热耗，kJ／kg熟料；Aad－煤灰分，％；S－煤炭沉落率，％；Qent,ad－煤的热值，kJ／kg·煤。用     

煤造气炉控制系统的几点小改

龙济化肥公司采用本地煤造气生产合成氨，原料煤中硫质量分数一般为1．0％，这使控制室的硫体积分数达到0．6％左右，对造气炉控制仪器造成严重的腐蚀，影响其正常运行，并且污染环境。因而对造气炉控制系统进行了改造。     

控制炉况，节能降耗

合成氨生产50％左右的消耗来自造气系统，造气系统的消耗主要是原料煤，其次是蒸汽。因此，降低原料煤的消耗是降低合成氨生产成本的关键。换而言之，调节好造气炉炉况，提高煤的利用率，即达到节能降耗的目的。[第一段]     

使用中硫煤生产的问题及其工艺技术措施

由于我国原煤的品位逐年下降,煤中含硫量越来越高,给生产带来了很大的难度.重点就煅烧水泥熟料中由于煤中含硫量升高而出现的问题,进行了现象描述及原因分析,并通过配料方案的调整、窑炉用风的匹配、操作参数的优化等工艺措施,实现了稳定生产.     

添加煤灰对低灰高挥发分煤发热量测定的影响

就添加煤灰对低灰高挥发分煤发热量的影响,及煤灰添加量和煤灰中硫含量对煤发热量的影响进行研究.结果表明,添加煤灰可有效解决低灰高挥发分煤测发热量时易喷溅的问题.煤灰中硫含量对煤发热量的影响较小,煤灰加入量为0.1g/g煤时,可保证测量的准确性和可靠性.     

炼焦煤尾煤热重动力学分析及热解产氢

基于热重分析和固定床热解实验,研究了升温速率和温度对高矿物质含量的炼焦煤尾煤热解特性的影响. 尾煤热解过程可分为室温至400, 400~600及600~950℃三个阶段. 尾煤与焦煤热解曲线基本吻合,尾煤热解特征温度略向高温区推移. 采用Coats-Redfern积分法拟合计算了尾煤热解的动力学参数,得出反应活化能为22.6~66.2 kJ/mol,热解过程可用3个二级反应描述. 30 g尾煤固定床实验结果表明,氢气在低于400℃析出很少,400~600℃缓慢析出,之后随温度升高析出增加,600℃后大量析出,900℃左右达到最大析出量. 终温950℃时,30 g尾煤热解产气4300 mL,氢气产量1722 mL;焦煤产气7950 mL,氢气产量2716 mL. 尾煤热解富氢气体产量达焦煤热解气产量的54%,具有较高的再利用价值.     

电石渣和粉煤灰的综合利用

指出利用电石渣和粉煤灰生产水泥和制砖是处理工业废渣的最好途径。具体介绍了新型干法生产水泥的工艺及灰渣砖生产工艺。给出了具体的工艺流程简图。     

煤沥青改质生产超高功率石墨电极用粘结剂的研究

河南天宏焦化公司以中温煤沥青为原料研制改质沥青,在高压反应釜内先进行净化处理,然后采用加热聚合法进行改质,所得改质沥青喹啉不溶物QI为11%~12%,甲苯不溶物TI为32%~36%,β树脂20%~24%,软化点108~112℃,结焦值59.5%~60%,符合国家一级标准,可用作生产超高功率石墨电极的粘结剂。     

东庞煤矿高硫煤配煤炼焦的研究与应用

东庞煤矿9号煤资源丰富,为高硫气肥煤和肥煤,黏结性很好,适当降硫就可用于炼焦配煤,此品种在周边用户群中有一定的需求。通过对东庞矿区的2号煤和9号煤进行配煤、煤质分析、40 kg焦炉炼焦实验等,研究配煤指标变化和成焦性能。镜质组最大反射率实验结果表明：配煤具有煤种的单一性,其工业性质及黏结性等指标具有近似的数学加权性,通过配煤入洗可以实现高低硫资源煤质指标互补。将研究成果用于指导实际生产,改造东庞矿洗煤工艺,新建东庞矿西庞井选煤厂,实现高硫煤的全部配煤入洗,生产出满足市场需求的中高硫气肥煤品种,扩大了炼焦资源和高硫煤用途,提高了企业经济效益。2011年生产高硫精煤111万t,直接增加收入1.5亿元。     

Adsorption of sulphur dioxide on coal

A study was made of the feasibility of using coal as an adsorbent material for the removal of sulphur dioxide from stack gases emitted to the atmosphere by different industries. From preliminary results, it would appear that coal is to be favoured by a raw materials/cost-effectiveness ratio of 2:1. The work shows semi-quantitatively that the adsorptive capacity of sulphur dioxide on coal varies slightly from one coal to another and that when coal is used and re-used through numerous (?40) cycles, its effectiveness as an adsorbent for sulphur dioxide is not greatly reduced. Moreover, this research supports the view that the heating value, ash, sulphur content, etc. of most types of coal changes only slightly after repeated usage as an adsorbent for sulphur dioxide. If, as these findings indicate, coal can initially be used as a sulphur dioxide adsorbent prior to its use as a fuel, economic potential for commercial applications should be enhanced. Empirical equations, developed to correlate the adsorption-desorption characteristics of different coals, can be used as a basis for prediction and comparison by future investigators to further explore this research.     

Effectiveness of gases in desulphurization of coal

The effect of air, steam and hydrogen on the desulphurization of 10 U.S. high-volatile bituminous coals was investigated. Air treatment was most effective at 450 °C where an average of 38% total sulphur, comprising 51% of the inorganic sulphur and 20% of the organic sulphur, was removed. With steam at 600 °C, 61% of the total sulphur, 87% of inorganic and 25% of organic was lost. Hydrogen was not effective below 850 °C, but at 900 °C 86% of the total sulphur was dispelled, i.e. 94% of the inorganic and 76% of the organic sulphur. Without oxidative pretreatment the sulphur was much more difficult to remove; after oxidative pretreatment at 300 °C for 10 min followed by treatment with hydrogen at 900 °C, as much sulphur was removed in 4 min as in 60 min without the pretreatment. With raw coal, heating under nitrogen ‘cooked-in’ or fixed some of the sulphur making it more difficult to remove with hydrogen; whereas following oxidative pretreatment, heating for up to 1 h did not lessen the reduction of sulphur with hydrogen. For temperature-swelling coals with large quantities of organic sulphur, heating at 300 °C in air followed by reduction with hydrogen at 900 °C appears to permit rapid discharge (3–10 min) of the organic as well as the inorganic sulphur, to produce a smokeless product with a CV (per unit of product) similar to the fuel value of the untreated coal.     

Effect of Wyodak coal properties on hydroliquefaction reactivity

The effect of Wyodak coal properties on liquefaction reactivity as measured by distillate yield and cyclohexane conversion has been investigated. Spot samples of four Wyodak subbituminous coals from the Anderson and Canyon coal seams in the Powder River Basin of NE Wyoming were liquefied in microautoclave and batch reactor experiments. Runs were made using two different Wyodak coal-derived solvents. Emphasis in this work was directed toward correlation of C₄-700 K distillate yield and cyclohexane conversion as functions of measurable physical, chemical and petrographic properties of the feed coal. Reactivity rankings were found to be the same using either measure of coal reactivity. However, the data indicated that distillate yields were a function of both solvent quality and feed coal properties. For each solvent studied, selected coal properties, including carbon content, total and organic sulphur content, vitrinite content and total reactive maceral (vitrinite plus exinite) content, were found to give statistically significant correlations with distillate production and cyclohexane conversion. Pyritic and sulphate sulphur contents did not appear to enhance liquefaction yield or conversion at the reaction conditions studied. However, any catalytic effects due to pyrite or sulphate sulphur may have been masked by the use of two high quality liquefaction solvents.     

Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 8. Aspects of the phenomenology of the liquefaction of some coal

Steps are now being taken to define in more detail the phenomenology of coal liquefaction and to provide a scientific basis for empirical correlations previously established between liquefaction conversion and basic compositional characteristics of coals. The rates of production of oils, asphaltenes and preaphaltenes have been determined at four temperatures for three coals, two of Carboniferous and one of Creaceousage. Products are formed more slowly from the younger coal (which is of slightly lower rank) than from the others, but oxygen, partly as OH but probably mostly in a type of ether, is lost more rapidly. It is estimated that the maximum content of O as cleavable ether is 7.7 atoms/100 C atoms for the younger coal (from Wyoming) and 4.1 and 5.1 for the other two (from Oklahoma and Ohio, respectively). Until ≈ 50% of the amount present in the Oklahoma coal is lost, the rates of removal of oxygen and organic sulphur are approximately equal; beyond this level, the removal of S is more rapid. The loss of organic sulphur from the Ohio coal is slightly faster. Even so, the data do not support the idea that cleavage of thioethers is more rapid than that of ethers and that this is the basic reason why a high organic sulphur content tends to promote liquefaction. Conversion of the pyrite in the Ohio coal to pyrrhotite occurs considerably more rapidly than the pyrite in the Oklahoma coal. In preliminary experiments, it is shown that a curve-resolving programme allows two aromatic and five aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations to be distinguished in FTIR spectra of the hexane-insoluble products, and the distribution changes with degree of conversion. In particular, there is evidence that new aryl methyl are generated during liquefaction, in agreement with evidence from oxidation studies.