硅灰改性高韧性水泥基材料性能试验研究

工程水泥复合材料（ECC）具有良好的韧性和裂缝控制能力,可用于解决地下和水工工程中的混凝土开裂和渗漏水问题。高水灰比ECC(w/c=1.03)流动度好,但抗渗性能差,且水灰比过高使得材料坍落度大、黏聚性差,不满足可喷射性的指标要求。为了解决上述问题,将硅灰（SF）以不同的SF/水泥质量比引入高水灰比ECC中,以改善其工作性能、抗渗性能、微观结构和力学性能。结果表明,当SF/水泥比为15％时,高水灰比ECC的工作性能大大提高,达到新拌材料可泵送及可喷射的指标要求,高水灰比ECC的抗渗性能提高至P8以上;扫描电镜(SEM)和能量分散光谱仪（EDS）的观察结果证实,添加SF使ECC的显微组织更致密,而且还可以减少碱性物质的产生,从而抑制碱集料反应,提高耐久性。对ECC展开韧性、抗渗性及工作性能(可泵送及可喷涂)研究,获得了高韧性、高抗渗、可喷可泵的ECC配合比,为其在实际工程中的推广及应用奠定了基础。     

Effect of silica fume on the thaumasite form of sulfate attack on cement-based materials

Thaumasite form of sulfate attack(TSA) can be observed in cement containing limestone under sulfate condition at low temperature. Mixing with suitable mineral admixture could be a good choice to improve the TSA resistance performance of cement-based materials. We investigated the durability performance of limestone-cement mortars reinforced with silica fume(SF) in 5% MgSO_4 solution at 5 ℃. The mortars, which were immersed in aggressive condition, were prepared with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% cement replacement by SF at a fixed water-to-binder ratio. Appearance, compressive strength, change of length and mass and corrosion products were investigated to evaluate the TSA resistance performance of SF based specimens. The results showed that specimens in the absence of SF almost disintegrated. Increasing SF dosage can reduce the degree of deterioration of SF mortars in TSA environment. Mortar mixtures with more than 6% SF merely show slight degeneration in relation to macroscopic and microscopic tests and characterizations.     

Durability of sea-sand containing concrete: Effects of chloride ion penetration

This paper describes an orthogonal experiment on the effect of water/cement ratio, water consumptionper cubic meter, curing time, and type of sand on the response "resistance to chloride ion penetration".A sea-sand containing concrete was used for the trials. An analysis of chloride ion diffusion coefficients at different factor levels was performed. A predictive model of chloride ion diffusion in concrete is developed through regression analysis. The experimental results show that when the water/cement ratio varies from 0.45 to 0.60, and the water consumption per cubic meter varies from 185 to 215 kg. and the curing time varies from 30 to 180 d then the size of the effects fall in the order (most significant first):curing time, type of sand, water consumption per cubic meter, and water/cement ratio. Chloride ion penetration is reduced, and better durability of the concrete is observed, with longer curing times, less water consumption per cubic meter, and a smaller water/cement ratio.     

Piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-based composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites(CFGCC) with carbon fiber content(1% by the weight of cement),graphite powder contents (0%-50% by the weight of cement) and CCCW(cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement) were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percol...     

Effects of Mo Composites on the Corrosion Behaviors of Low Alloy Steel

By using electrochemical and weight loss methods, the effect of MoO42-on the corrosion behaviors of low alloy steel was investigated in the 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution at high temperature. The results show that MoO42 , being an anodic inhibitor, would form a passive film rapidly and impede both anodic and cathodic reactions. Moreover, Na2MoO4 effectively prevents corrosion in 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution when its concentration is higher than 200 mg/L. Some elements of alloy, such as chromium and nickel, may cause the widening of passive potential region and the decrease of passive density, which indicates that the corrosion resistance increases. AES analysis shows that molybdenum participates in forming a protection film. The synergistic effect between chromium and molybdenum induces Cr-steel to be in passive state in lower Na2MoO4 concentration.     

不同矿物掺合料对RPC抗氯离子渗透性的研究

为研究不同矿物细掺合料对活性粉末混凝土氯离子渗透系数的影响,采用NEL法比较硅灰和粉煤灰双掺、硅灰和石英粉双掺、硅灰和粉煤灰及石英粉互掺、硅灰和硅微粉双掺共4组RPC不同的抗氯离子系数。研究结果表明:氯离子渗透系数随养护龄期的增加而减小;随着养护温度的提高而减小;当在同一养护条件下,粉煤灰的掺入对氯离子扩散系数影响不大;石英粉和硅微粉的掺入会提高氯离子渗透系数,复掺石英粉和粉煤灰能降低氯离子渗透系数。     

氯化物对钙镁硅可溶耐火纤维析晶和溶解行为的影响

在CaO-MgO-SiO2系耐火纤维化学组成中分别引入NaCl、KCl和MgCl2等3种添加剂,研究其对纤维析晶和溶解行为的影响。结果表明,添加少量NaCl和MgCl2可以提高纤维的晶化温度,降低纤维的析晶倾向;3种氯化物的引入不改变纤维析出的晶相种类,但是主晶相由透辉石变成硅灰石;3种添加剂均可以提高纤维在模拟人体肺液（Gamble溶液）中的溶解性,其中以添加MgCl2的纤维溶解性最好。     

Mechanism of functional responses to loading of carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composites

Single fiber pull-out testing was conducted to study the origin of the functional responses to loading of carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composites. The variation of electrical resistance with the bonding force on the fiber-matrix interface was measured. Single fiber electromechanical testing was also conducted by measuring the electrical resistance under static tension. Comparison of the results shows that the resistance increasing during single fiber pull-out is mainly due to the changes at the interface. The conduction mechanism of the composite can be explained by the tunneling model. The interfacial stress causes the deformation of interfacial structure and the interfacial debonding, which have influences on the tunneling effect and result in the change of resistance.     

The Influence of Mineral Functional Materials on Chloride Ion Penetration of Concrete

The mechanism of chloricle ion penetration in higk performance concrete was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that there are two important reasons that influence the anti-chloride penetration of high performance concrete. One is the function effect of mineral functional material, so that it increases concrete‘s capability to resist chloride ion penetration. The other is combined action of mineral functional material‘ s original capability of binding the choride ion ( physical adsorption ) and physicochemical adsorotion alter hydration .     

矿物掺合料对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性影响研究

氯离子渗透腐蚀是引起钢筋混凝土腐蚀的主要原因,然而氯离子渗透性和矿物掺合料有直接关联。主要通过实验研究了掺入矿物掺合料后混凝土中孔结构的特征,进而分析了矿物掺合料对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的影响。     

Microstructure of Steel Fiber Reinforced Polymer—cement—based Composites

Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used to measure the pore structure of steel fiber reinforced polymer-cement-based bomposite.The results indicate that the large pore volume decreases by 57.8%-51.2% and by 87.1%-88% with the addition fo steel fibers and polymers respectively.When both steel fibers and poly-mers are simultaneously added, the large pore volume decreases by 88.3%-90.1% .As a surface active materi-al ,polymer has a favorable water-reduced and forming-film effect, which is contributed to the decrease of the thick-ness of water film and the improvement of the conglutination between the fibers and the matrix.Polymers could form a microstructure network.This network structure and the bone structure of cement hydration products penetrate each other and thus the interpenetrating network with sticky aggregate and steel fiber inside forms.     

Multi-scale modeling of the effective chloride ion diffusion coefficient in cement-based composite materials

N-layered spherical inclusions model was used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in cement-based materials by using multi-scale method and then to investigate the relationship between the diffusivity and the microstructure of cement-basted materials where the microstructure included the interfacial transition zone（ITZ）between the aggregates and the bulk cement pastes as well as the microstructure of the bulk cement paste itself.For the convenience of applications,the mortar and concrete were considered as a four-phase spherical model,consisting of cement continuous phase,dispersed aggregates phase,interface transition zone and their homogenized effective medium phase.A general effective medium equation was established to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the hardened cement paste by considering the microstructure.During calculation,the tortuosity（n）and constrictivity factors（D_s/D₀）of pore in the hardened pastes are n≈3.2,D_s/D₀=1.0×10^-4respectively from the test data.The calculated results using the n-layered spherical inclusions model are in good agreement with the experimental results;The effective diffusion coefficient of ITZ is 12 times that of the bulk cement for mortar and 17 times for concrete due to the difference between particle size distribution and the volume fraction of aggregates in mortar and concrete.     

Analysis of the Damping Behavior and Microstructure of Cement Matrix with Silane-treated Silica Fume

The surface treatment of silca fume with silane coupling agent prior w incorporation in a cement mortar resulted in composites exhibiting increuses in loss tangent by 5%-200% and storage modulus by 10%-20% , relative to the value obtained by using as-received silica fume. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images iindicate that there is a morphological difference in the cement paste with treated and as-received silica fume, The, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared （IR） spectrum analyses and mercury intrusion porosimetry （ MIP ） have provided evidence to understand the reaction mechanism between treated silica .fume and the hydrate product of cement. This has led to the establishment of an initial microscopic model describing the damping behavior of cement matrix.     

煅烧对微硅粉性能的影响

采用同步热分析法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、比表面积和白度等测试手段对煅烧前后的微硅粉样品进行了分析.实验结果表明:在600℃、4 h煅烧时微硅粉的除碳效果最佳,煅烧后样品中碳的质量分数由1.96%下降到0.65%;样品主要成分二氧化硅晶体结构并未变化,仍旧为非晶态,煅烧后仍出现了碳化硅的特征峰,表明煅烧去除的主要为游离碳;微观形貌分析表明,煅烧后样品微观颗粒粒径在长大,片状物质的含量却明显减少,但是组成颗粒的一次粒子长大并不明显;比表面积测试表明煅烧前后比表面积变化不大,但白度由31.04提高到70.14.     

Reaction degree of silica fume and its effect on compressive strength of cement-silica fume blends

The compressive strength of the cement-silica fume blends with 5mass%, 10mass%, 20mass% and 30mass% of silica fume and water to binder ratio of 0.28, 0.32 and 0.36 from three days to ninety days were investigated. The reaction degree of silica fume was calculated from the Q4 silica tetrahedron, which was used as a probe obtained from 29 Si solid state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The fl at of compressive strength after 28 days disappeared for blended cement with inereasing reaction degree of silica fume. The compressive strength of the blended cement pastes approached that of P.I. cement pastes after 56 days and exceeded that after 90 days. The addition of silica fume and the w/b ratio of blends are both critical to the reaction degree of silica fume. The appropriate addition of silica fume, high silica fume reaction degree and low w/b ratio are benefi cial to the compressive strength of the cement-silica fume blends.     

氯离子含量对混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀程度的影响研究

通过实验室完全浸泡和加大腐蚀溶液浓度的方法来加速混凝土的硫酸盐腐蚀.腐蚀溶液采用10%硫酸钠加入不同浓度的氯化钠,并以清水溶液为对比,定期测试各溶液中混凝土的立方体抗压强度,通过腐蚀后强度的变化来计算腐蚀层厚度和强度退化率,从而反映出混凝土的腐蚀程度.试验表明氯离子的存在明显的降低了混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀的程度,并且在复合溶液中随着氯离子含量的增大,混凝土受硫酸盐腐蚀程度逐渐减小.最后通过对混凝土微观结构的检测和元素分布的分析,证明了氯离子的存在影响了硫酸根离子与混凝土水化产物的反应,从而能够减轻混凝土受硫酸盐腐蚀的破坏程度.     

不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能

为研究不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能,对单掺和复掺碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维的水泥基材料分别进行电通量试验、电镜扫描观测及基本力学性能试验,分析不同纤维尺度、掺量及复合比例对水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能和基本力学性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果给出了多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型。结果表明,不同尺度纤维可在不同结构层次上发挥对水泥基材料的增强作用,使得多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能明显优于单一纤维增强水泥基材料;多纤维复合材料的抗压强度与氯离子侵蚀深度及电通量大致呈反比例关系;当复合材料的抗压强度提高13.6%时,其氯离子侵蚀深度和总电通量则分别降低39.1%和44.7%;建立的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型,可用于多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透和侵蚀性能评估。     

Effects of the component and fiber gradient distributions on the strength of cement-based composite materials

1　IntroductionTheconceptofthefunctionallygradientmaterial(FGM)wasfirstproposedtwodecadesagobyMasayukietal[1] tohelpthedesignofheat resistantsystemsofspacecraftswhentheytraveledthroughtheastrosphere .Sincethen ,extensiveresearchesandapplicationsofFGMhavebeenconducted ,especiallyonceramicandmetalmaterials[2 6] ,butthestudyonthecement basedfunction allygradientmaterial (CFGM)onlystartedrecently[7] .FGMismadeoftwoormoredistinctmaterialsusingavarietyofadvancedcompositetechniquesanditscompo n…     

速凝剂和钢纤维对喷射混凝土性能的影响

速凝剂作为一种外加剂,能够有效地减少水泥的凝结时间,降低喷射混凝土的回弹率.通过试验比较,速凝剂能够提高混凝土早期的强度,1 d试验结果表明,加入速凝剂的试件比未加速凝剂的抗压强度、抗折和抗拉强度分别提高了6.8%,19.4%和71.1%;但速凝剂会使得混凝土终期强度降低,影响其使用,28 d试验结果显示,加入速凝剂的试件比未加入速凝剂的抗压强度、抗折强度和抗拉强度分别降低了15.4%,3.8%和20.2%.试件中掺入钢纤维,则可以很好地提高混凝土的强度,28d试验结果显示,掺速凝剂混凝土试件中加入钢纤维后,其抗压、抗折和抗拉强度分别提高了10.3%,9.6%和33.5%.故加入钢纤维不但可以降低速凝剂对混凝土的影响,而且还可以增强混凝土的抗渗性.     

稀土铈对1Cr18Mn8Ni5N不锈钢腐蚀规律的影响

通过测试交流阻抗和极化曲线,在扫描电镜下观察表面形貌,研究了稀土铈对1Cr18Mn8NiSN不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明,稀土Ce加入量在适当的范围内可显著提高不锈钢的耐点蚀性能.当稀土Ce的质量分数为0.016%时,1Cr18Mn8NiSN不锈钢可获得最好的耐点蚀性能.