Effects of temperature on the dynamic properties of asphalt mixtures

By using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD), the dynamic loading tests on different thickness of asphalt mixture pavement in different temperature were performed. The experimental results show that the effects of temperature on dynamic properties of asphalt mixture are significant, and the thickness of asphalt mixture is also another important influence factor. The comparisons indicate that effect of temperature on the behaviors of dynamic loading properties and static loading properties of asphalt mixture were quite different.     

沥青砂动态剪切蠕变特性

为了解沥青砂的复杂力学行为,给沥青混合料细观力学研究提供数据支持,将几种沥青混合料的配合比转变为沥青砂的配比,采用自主研发的沥青砂成型装置及流变仪夹具获取沥青砂的动态剪切蠕变曲线,基于Burgers模型对蠕变曲线进行拟合,获取动态剪切荷载下沥青砂的黏弹性参数,分析黏弹性参数及松弛模量的变化规律。试验结果显示,Burgers模型对沥青砂动态剪切蠕变曲线具有较好的拟合效果。相同加载时间内,相比于AC-20级配沥青混合料,SMA-16级配沥青混合料蠕变变形量更大。橡胶沥青砂的抗剪切蠕变性能最优。沥青砂蠕变变形影响规律与混合料车辙变形一般影响规律相符。试验温度、沥青用量、沥青种类和级配类型均对沥青砂的黏弹性参数和松弛模量影响显著。     

沥青混合料抗压回弹模量与动态模量比较分析

分析了动态模量和抗压回弹模量在反映沥青混合料行为特性方面的优缺点，并对SMA13、Superpave20和Superpav也53种沥青混合料进行了不同条件下的动态模量和抗压回弹模量试验。结果表明，动态模量能综合反映温度和频率的影响，能更合理地反映沥青混合料的特性。相同温度下，抗压回弹模量对应于频率较低时的动态模量，对应频率大约在0．01—0．1Hz之间。由于抗压回弹模量试验中会引起试件的破坏，而破坏特性受混合料类型和温度的影响，所以不能确定唯一的对应频率。     

再生沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能

为了分析废旧沥青路面材料(RAP)对热拌沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能的影响,设计了不同RAP掺量(10%、20%、30%)及不同级配(AC-13和AC-16)的沥青混合料,采用沥青混合料性能试验仪(AMPT)在不同温度和加载频率下的动态模量,之后采用时间-温度等效原理,确定了不同沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线;并对不同沥青混合料进行了单轴拉伸疲劳试验,通过简化的黏弹性连续损伤模型(S-VECD),确定了不同级配、不同RAP含量的沥青混合料的损伤特征曲线(C-S),及基于能量的疲劳失效标准与疲劳加载次数之间的关系(GR-Nf).结果表明:沥青混合料的动态模量随着温度的升高、加载频率的降低而降低,温度越低、频率越高,沥青混合料越接近弹性体,反之越接近黏性体;从不同级配的沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线中可以看出,RAP含量越高,其动态模量越高,但总体来看相差不大.疲劳试验及分析表明:RAP含量较高时,其疲劳性能较低,表明其应力松弛能力较差,因此应更加关注再生沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能.     

细集料对沥青混合料体积和高温特性的影响

通过2种细集料(天然砂、机制砂)、2种级配(AC-13、Sup-12.5)沥青混合料的试验研究,分析了细集料类型和禁区对混合料体积指标和高温动稳定度的影响,结果表明机制砂更能有效提高混合料的高温性能,禁区的存在可有效限制细集料特别是天然砂的用量,以明显提高沥青混合料重载作用下混合料的动稳定度。而体积参数结果表明,Superpave设计方法中用固定空隙率4%标准来确定最佳沥青用量的方法是否合理有待进一步验证。     

多孔沥青混合料粘弹塑性损伤模型

为合理描述多孔沥青混合料在中低温度外界荷载作用下的力学特性,基于增量型本构方程,采用Weibull损伤函数、广义Maxwell粘弹模型与D-P塑性模型,构建了粘弹塑性损伤模型．以此模型为分析手段,对不同温度和加载速率下的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线进行拟合,并分析温度与加载速率对模型参数的影响规律．分析结果表明:多孔沥青混合料粘弹参数随着温度的降低逐步退化成弹性参数,塑性模型中的体积模量和剪切模量也随温度呈现出明显的粘弹特性,塑性应变产生时对应的应变值与损伤应变阙值基本保持一致,温度及加载速率对于混合料的损伤扩展也有显著影响．构建的理论模型可以有效表征多孔沥青混合料在常温和低温下受荷时的力学损伤特性．     

硫磺改性沥青混合料基本性能的研究

为考察硫磺改性沥青混合料的路用性能,选取AC-13和AC-20两种混合料类型、4种不同的硫磺掺量（硫磺占硫磺改性沥青胶结料的质量百分比分别为0%、30%、35%、40%）作为对比,采用浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、汉堡车辙试验测试了其水稳定性能,采用车辙试验、三点小梁弯曲试验和Overlay Tester试验分别测试了其高温性能、低温性能与疲劳性能,采用动态模量试验获得了其力学参数. 结果表明: 添加质量分数为30%硫磺后,AC-13和AC-20沥青混合料动稳定度分别提高了18%和26%,疲劳开裂性能有所提高, 低温性能没有明显改变. 添加不同质量分数的硫磺,沥青混合料的水稳定性能明显降低,其中AC-13沥青混合料在添加40%硫磺时冻融劈裂强度比下降达22%. 动态模量测试表明硫磺改性沥青混合料与普通沥青混合料动态模量变化趋势相同,但-10 ℃~54 ℃温度区间较普通沥青混合料动态模量要高.     

应力吸收层沥青混合料的力学性能评价

为评价应力吸收层沥青混合料的力学性能,在室内试验测定沥青材料技术性能的基础上,基于马歇尔设计法,针对齐鲁70#沥青、稳定型橡胶改性沥青及应力吸收沥青设计了三种砂粒式应力吸收层沥青混合料。通过基本性能试验系统测定应力吸收层沥青混合料的动态模量,并建立动态模量和相位角的主曲线,主要探索了以齐鲁70#、稳定型橡胶改性沥青及应力吸收沥青作为胶结料的应力吸收层沥青混合料的力学特性。结果表明,稳定型橡胶改性沥青和应力吸收沥青作为胶结料用于应力吸收层均有良好的力学性能。     

泡沫沥青温拌再生混合料试验研究

动态剪切流变试验评价不同拌和工艺下沥青结合料的老化程度,并提出老化因子量测指标。试验结果表明,泡沫沥青老化程度较低,沥青混合料路用性能受到影响。拟设计中粒式沥青混凝土HMA-AC-20、FWMA-20-RAP、FWMA-20同级配的三组混合料,进行性能检测。结果表明,泡沫沥青再生混合料可压实性好、抗水损害较好;泡沫沥青混合料抗疲劳开裂、抗低温开裂效果好;加入RAP料后压实沥青混合料的动稳定度提升很多,但仍然赶不上热拌沥青混合料。     

Fatigue property of basalt fiber-modified asphalt mixture under complicated environment

The fatigue property of asphalt mixtures under complicated environment （low-temperature bending performance, chloride penetration, freezing-thawing cycle and their coupling effect） and the improvement effect for relevant property of basalt fiber-reinforcing asphalt mixture under complicated environment are studied. Two grading types of asphalt mixtures, AC-16I and AC-13I, are chosen, whose optimum asphalt-aggregate ratio and optimum dosage of basalt fiber are determined by the Marshall test. The standard specimens are made firstly, and then the low temperature bending tests of asphalt mixture and basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture under the coupling effect of the chloride erosion and freezing-thawing cycle have been carried out. Finally, the fatigue property tests of asphalt mixture and basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture under complex environment are performed on MTS material testing system. The results indicate that the tensile strength, the maximum curving tensile stress, the curving stiffness modulus, and fatigue properties of asphalt mixture are influenced by the coupling effect of the chloride erosion and freezing-thawing cycle. The low-temperature bending performance and fatigue property of asphalt mixtures under complicated environment can be greatly improved by adding moderate basalt fiber. The dense gradation asphalt mixture possesses stronger ability to resist adverse environmental effects under the same condition.     

行车速度对沥青路面力学参数及响应的影响

利用室内试验确定的沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线和时间-温度转化因子,结合实测的冬天和夏天沥青路面结构的典型温度场,定量分析了行车速度对沥青路面材料性能及结构力学响应的影响.结果表明,当行车速度从10 km/h增加到130 km/h时,路面结构内动态模量可增加3倍以上,路表弯沉、沥青层底拉应变和土基顶面压应变等关键力学响应可减少20%以上.在冬天和夏天,材料性质及路面响应随车速的变化幅度有所不同.研究表明,为了得到更客观的结果,在路面结构分析和设计中应考虑行车速度的影响.     

Effects of Fibers on the Dynamie Properties of Asphalt Mixtures

The dynamic characteristics of fiber-modified asphalt mixture were investigated. Cellulose fiber, polyester fiber and mineral fiber were used as additives for asphalt mixture, and the dosage was 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.4%, respectively. Dynamic modulus test using SuperPave simple performance tester （SPT） was conducted to study the dynamic modulus （E＇） and phase angle （δ） for the control asphalt mixture and fiber-modified ones at various temperatures and frequencies. Experimental results show that all fiber-modified asphalt mixtures have higher dynamic modulus compared with control mixture. The dynamic modulus master curves of each type of asphalt mixtures are determined based on nonlinear least square regression in accordance with the time- temperature superposition theory at a control temperature （21.1℃）. The fatigue parameter E^＊×sinδ and rutting parameter E^＊/sinδ of asphalt mixture are adopted to study the fatigue and rutting-resistance properties, and experimental results indicate that such properties can be improved by fiber additives.     

纤维对沥青混合料稳定性的影响研究

纤维在沥青混合料中的作用效果一直受到人们的关注,文中针对这一问题选用了四类纤维,分别采用普通沥青和改性沥青,选用沥青混合料AC-16I型,客观的分析了纤维沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温稳定性、水稳定性和抗疲劳性能等路用性能。研究表明:纤维加入后,最佳沥青用量、空隙率、矿料间隙率、稳定度和流值均有不同程度增加,而密度下降;高温稳定性、低温抗裂性能、抗疲劳性能和耐水害性能等路用性能均有一定改善;其中高温和抗疲劳性能的改善最为显著,并且添加纤维的普通沥青混合料性能达到甚至超过改性沥青的性能,改性沥青再添加纤维性能将更好。     

Rheological behavior of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mastic

The characters of basalt fiber are analyzed and compared with commonly used fibers. The rheological behaviors of the basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mastic are investigated by the dynamic shear rheological tests and the repeated creep tests. The results show that basalt fiber has excellent reinforced performances, such as high asphalt absorption ratio, low water absorption ratio, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and high temperature stability. The rutting factor of the fiber reinforced asphalt mastic is higher than the plain asphalt mastic and the reinforced effects are more remarkable under high temperature. The rheological performances of the asphalt mastic demonstrate a good linear relationship between different temperature and loading frequency. The creep stiffness modulus of the asphalt mastic at different loading time can be expressed by power function. Improved Burgers model is used to represent the rheological behaviors of the asphalt mastic with basalt fiber and the model parameters are estimated.     

Effect of aggregate gradation on low temperature performance of asphalt paving mixtures

Low temperature cracking has become one of the important factors that diminish asphalt pavement’s ride quality and service life.Especially in cold region,cracking caused by low temperature is the main distress form.This paper discussed the effect of aggregate gradation on the low temperature performance in asphalt paving mixtures.A total of 11 asphalt mixtures with 11 different aggregate gradations and one asphalt binder content were studied.Volumetric properties of the coarse aggregate and asphalt mixtures showed aggregate grading has a significant impact on the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures.A trend is existed in the low temperature performance with the change of gradation.With the aid of mathematic statistics,it indicates gradation affects the low temperature performance significantly.The findings also indicate the relationship between the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures and the low temperature performance:With the stone-to-stone contact developed,the mixture has a high energy to resist contract and deformation at low temperature.The properties of fine aggregate and asphalt play an important part in resisting low temperature cracking in floating structure.But it provides lower energy to resist low temperature cracking compared to the skeleton structure.     

布敦岩沥青混合料动态模量及主曲线研究

采用Superpave简单性能试验机(SPT)分别测试了布敦岩沥青混合料、基质沥青混合料和SBS改性沥青混合料在不同温度和加载频率下的动态模量和相位角,并根据时间-温度置换原理,通过非线性最小二乘拟合,确定了3种沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线和移位因子。结果表明,布敦岩沥青混合料具有优良的抵抗高温或低频荷载作用的能力,其动态模量满足法国高模量沥青混凝土的界定标准。     

沥青路面结构足尺力学响应实测与仿真

为探究沥青路面在荷载作用下力学响应,通过基于辽宁省沥青路面足尺加速加载试验,开展路面结构力学仿真方法及力学响应特征研究.采用光纤光栅传感器实测足尺加速加载路面的面层底部、基层底部和路基顶面的力学响应,利用单轴压缩动态模量试验获取沥青混合料的粘弹性参数,通过FWD弯沉盆反算得到基层及土基的弹性模量,利用接触痕迹得到轮胎的接触面分布;通过单轴压缩动态模量试验及四点弯曲动态模量试验对传感器进行了标定.在此基础上,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立基于实测参数的路面结构力学仿真模型,分析路面结构在不同加载位置和速度下的力学响应,并与实测结果进行对比.结果表明:所建立的路面力学仿真模型能较合理地模拟沥青层底三向应变、半刚性材料层底纵向、横向应变以及土基顶面的压应力.沥青混合料粘弹特性导致弹性后效,使力学响应曲线表现出非对称特点.随着温度的增加和加载速度的减小,沥青层底三向应变、半刚性基层底的水平应变以及土基顶面压应力的响应幅值增加.     

木质素纤维在沥青混合料中的应用

系统分析了木质素纤维沥青胶浆及其沥青混合料的路用性能，包括木质素沥青胶浆软化点，锥入度，动态剪切，网蓝析出试验，混和料马歇尔稳定度、水稳定性、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性及耐疲劳性能，探讨了木质素纤维增强沥青混合料的强度形成机理；并与无纤维密级配沥青混凝土进行了对比、分析．结果表明，木质素纤维能够提高沥青胶浆软化点、剪切强度，改善温度稳定性；木质素纤维沥青混合料具有较好的路用性能．     

Temperature dependency of dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt paste by DMTA method

We investigated the temperature dependency of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt paste by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis(DMTA) method. The experimental results show that the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt pastes are sensitive to temperature due to the inclusion of asphalt, and may go through different states within a temperature range of-40 ℃ to 60 ℃, which is different from that of pure cement and asphalt. As the temperature of the cement asphalt paste increases, a considerable change of dynamic mechanical properties, including storage modulus(E'), loss modulus(E') and loss factor(tand) is observed. Moreover, the influence of asphalt to cement(A/C) ratio on the temperature sensitivity of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt composites was investigated. The temperature dependency of cement asphalt composites is ascribed to the temperature dependency of the asphalt and its interaction with cement paste. A simple fractional model is proposed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of cement asphalt composites.     

矿质混合料性能对沥青混合料动态模量的影响

为了解决沥青混合料高温性能不足的问题,研究了矿质混合料性能对沥青混合料动态模量的影响.以AC-20C型沥青混合料为背景,根据贝雷法3个参数进行了矿质混合料配合比正交试验设计,得到9种不同的矿质混合料级配,并以加州承载比(California bearing ratio,CBR)和振实间隙率为指标,对矿质混合料性能进行了评价,从中选出矿质混合料性能差异明显的3种级配,进行了沥青混合料的配合比设计.进而在不同温度和加载频率条件下,开展了3种级配沥青混合料的动态模量试验.依据试验结果,分析了矿质混合料性能对沥青混合料动态模量的影响.研究表明:高温条件下矿质混合料性能对沥青混合料的动态模量有较大影响,低温时矿质混合料性能对动态模量的影响不明显.通过优化矿质混合料性能,可以显著改善沥青混合料的高温性能.具有较高CBR值和较低振实间隙率的矿质混合料,对应的沥青混合料具有较好的高温性能.