三向建筑中庭天然采光与建筑设计的研究

天然采光有利于节省照明能耗,改善建筑空间的光环境质量.通过研究三向建筑的中庭形状、中庭高度、中庭面积、中庭的天窗面积、玻璃材料与中庭天然采光之间的关系,为建筑师设计中庭提供理论依据.     

四向建筑中庭天然采光与建筑设计的研究

天然采光有利于节省照明能耗,改善建筑空间的光环境质量.通过研究四向建筑中庭的形状、中庭高度、中庭面积、中庭的天窗面积、玻璃材料与中庭天然采光之间的关系,为建筑师设计中庭提供了理论依据.     

烟厂联合工房天然采光模拟分析与节能研究

为探究天然采光技术应用于工业建筑中,综合考虑照明能耗和空调采暖能耗时其对建筑整体节能的优化效果,通过模拟计算,对比分析了天窗面积和天窗材质对烟厂联合工房室内光环境和能耗的影响,通过动态分析得到了优化组合设计方案。结果表明,优化后联合工房采光系数、均匀度和照度均达到标准要求,营造了更舒适的光环境。优化方案下联合工房全年建筑总能耗减小了80.8 MW·h,彰显了优化天然采光方案应用于工业建筑的巨大节能价值。     

重庆沙坪坝交通枢纽地下空间天然采光数值模拟与优化研究

针对重庆沙坪坝交通枢纽项目地下空间进行了天然采光方案优化研究。结合建筑特点确定了天然采光形式,在此基础上利用数值模拟手段确定了满足天然采光所需的天窗比和单个天窗大小,并结合照明系统进行了能耗和经济性分析,从而得到最优化的设计方案,并为其他项目的地下交通空间天然采光设计提供了参考和指导。     

基于BIM技术和BP神经网络的成都理工大学图书馆天然采光研究

天然光营造的光环境以经济、自然、宜人、不可替代等特性为人们所习惯和喜爱。天然采光不仅有利于照明节能,而且有利于增加室内外的自然信息交流,改善空间卫生环境,调节空间使用者的心情。在建筑中充分利用天然光,对于创造良好光环境、节约能源、保护环境和构建绿色建筑具有重要意义。因此,优化建筑采光设计是很有必要的。本文提出了一个基于BIM技术和BP神经网络的建筑物天然采光分析思路,以成都理工大学图书馆为例,利用Revit软件建立三维可视化模型,生成gb XML格式的建筑物信息文件,再将gb XML文件导入Ecotect软件,在Ecotect软件内对图书馆的室内光环境进行模拟分析,计算自然采光系数,并定量分析窗台高度、玻璃透光率和墙体材料光反射率对室内光环境的影响。最后借助Weka软件,建立基于BP算法的神经网络模型,得到可预测在最优采光系数下变量变化范围的BP神经网络模型。     

自然采光在诺曼·福斯特建筑中的运用

精心设计的自然采光是构成福斯特建筑作品高品质的关键因素之一？福斯特在伦敦斯坦斯梯德机场，香港赤 角机场和北京首都国际机场中运用高技术的处理方法，依靠独创的天窗采光方式以及创新的幕墙系统，为航站楼创造了一个舒适宜人的光环境。     

塑形为光——金贝尔美术馆的摆线拱顶和光的设计

建筑空间的塑造和表达,离不开自然光的作用,而光的设计又与光的入射方式和承接光的界面形态息息相关。在金贝尔美术馆中,路易斯·康创造了一套由条形采光天窗、人字形反光板、摆线形漫射拱顶组成的采光系统。本文通过回顾历次方案和研读相关资料,试图解读这一精妙的天窗采光系统的创造过程。     

天然采光与建筑节能设计探讨

探讨了建筑中天然采光的设计步骤，并具体分析了侧窗采光系统、天窗采光系统、中庭采光系统和新型天然采光系统的特点。     

基于最新采光标准的寒地民居书房采光设计

随着城乡一体化进程的不断推进,农村与城市间差距不断缩小,农村住宅环境舒适化设计已成为建筑领域研究的热点。本文结合国家最新建筑采光设计标准GB/T 50033-2013,通过对严寒地区农村现有民居书房采光环境现状的调研,天然采光模型的模拟分析,提出书房天然采光舒适性设计参数。为寒地民居光环境设计提供指导,为住宅功能空间舒适化设计提供参考。     

厦门体育馆的天然采光设计

围绕厦门体育馆工程展开天然采光方案的可行性分 析,提出用棱镜折光板来解决体育馆建筑天窗采光的直射 光眩光和照度不均现象。并且力图为这一类建筑提供适当 的采光解决方案。     

现代住宅与天然采光

通过科学的设计把天然光引入建筑已成为一种时尚,它不仅可以降低建筑能耗,还能利用阳光提高室内的环境质量.本文从四个方面探讨住宅建筑中的采光设计问题,包括室内天然光设计标准分析、采光窗对居室内部光环境的影响、天然采光系统主要技术手段的应用和住宅获得良好天然光的具体要求及其应注意的问题.     

A case for ‘active’ daylighting by appropriate management of electric lighting

Understanding of how occupants of non-domestic buildings use electric lighting, gained from behavioural studies, indicates that the mere provision of daylighting is unlikely to lead to its useful uptake. It is suggested that the design of appropriate electric lighting control systems, including those requiring occupant action, can be related to occupancy patterns of space use and daylight availability in the space and that provision of such systems should be seen as ‘active daylighting’. It is also suggested that design for ‘active daylighting’ requires more accurate prediction of daylight availability in interiors.     

An analysis of daylighting performance for office buildings in Hong Kong

Daylighting has often been recognized as a useful source of energy savings and visual comforts in buildings. Occupants expect good daylight in their working spaces. The quality and quantity of natural light entering a building depend on both internal and external factors. In Hong Kong, commercial building accounts for the major building energy use and electric lighting is one of the major electricity-consuming items. This paper studies the daylighting performance and energy implications for office buildings. A total of 35 commercial buildings have been selected in the survey. Key building parameters affecting daylighting designs are presented. Two typical office blocks were further analysed based on a lighting simulation program. The daylighting performance was evaluated in terms of daylight factor, room depth and glare index. It has been found that the daylighting performance for office buildings is quite effective. About one-third of the office areas that are near the perimeter regions have an average daylight factor of 5%. For inner region of deep plan offices, some innovative daylighting systems such as light redirecting panels and light pipe could be used to improve the daylighting performance. In general, the office building envelop designs are conducive to effective daylighting and proper daylight linked lighting controls could save over 25% of the total electric lighting use.     

可持续的学校天然采光探索：美国创新事务所的设计实践

大量研究表明,学校教室采用天然采光有利于青少年的身体健康和学业进步,同时也有利于节约能源。美国创新事务所是目前世界范围内中小学校天然采光设计以及学校可持续设计领域的领跑者之一,几十年来,该事务所始终坚持科研与设计互相促进,在设计中关注学校采光的质量和均匀度,并注重整体建筑的采光设计。文章介绍了该事务所学校采光设计研究的发展历程及其主要的采光策略。     

A study of the daylighting performance and energy use in heavily obstructed residential buildings via computer simulation techniques

The quality and quantity of natural light entering a building depends on both internal and external factors. In Hong Kong, many buildings are high-rise blocks constructed close to each other and hence the external factor plays a significant role in daylighting designs. This paper studies the daylighting performance and energy use for residential flats facing large sky obstructions via computer simulations. Key building parameters affecting daylighting designs are presented. The daylighting performance for typical interior rooms was investigated in terms of illuminance level and daylight factor. The daylight levels of residential flats can be severely reduced by neighboring buildings and hence the externally reflected component would be the main source of natural light. The indoor daylight levels for kitchen and living/dining faced large neighboring building were found always less than the standard maintenance illuminance during daytime period. These imply that many residential flats in Hong Kong would have to rely on supplementary electric lighting.     

The daylighting dashboard – A simulation-based design analysis for daylit spaces

This paper presents a vision of how state-of-the-art computer-based analysis techniques can be effectively used during the design of daylit spaces. Following a review of recent advances in dynamic daylight computation capabilities, climate-based daylighting metrics, occupant behavior and glare analysis, a fully integrated design analysis method is introduced that simultaneously considers annual daylight availability, visual comfort and energy use: Annual daylight glare probability profiles are combined with an occupant behavior model in order to determine annual shading profiles and visual comfort conditions throughout a space. The shading profiles are then used to calculate daylight autonomy plots, energy loads, operational energy costs and green house gas emissions. The paper then shows how simulation results for a sidelit space can be visually presented to simulation non-experts using the concept of a daylighting dashboard. The paper ends with a discussion of how the daylighting dashboard could be practically implemented using technologies that are available today.     

探索建筑采光的优化设计之道

文章阐述了一种建筑采光设计方法，重点强调了在地域性光气候条件下的采光分析以及利用参数化模型进行采光方案的比对，以上过程保证了优化方案的获得。文中以位于广州市的某给定的建筑项目为例探讨了建筑侧窗遮阳构件可能给室内采光带来的改善，设计过程可概括为：以优化的自然光环境的优化为目标，利用参数化模型技术对于方案进行了高效的择优，最终得出了兼顾遮阳效果的采光设计方案。基于课题组前提的研究成果，文章涉及的采光模拟工作均在可反映广州地区地域性光气候特征的典型天空亮度模型（CSRS）的基础上进行。     

Determination of vertical daylight illuminance under non-overcast sky conditions

In a dense urban region in which high-rise buildings are packed inside limited land areas, the daylight components reflected from ground and surrounding buildings play significant roles in daylighting design. The natural light available in an interior strongly depends on the amount of daylight reaching the window facades. Lately we proposed a calculation procedure, presented in form of simple mathematical expressions and diagrams, to determine the daylight illuminance on a vertical plane under overcast skies. This paper extends the study to non-overcast sky conditions. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by comparison with the daylight illuminance simulated by a lighting software, namely RADIANCE, and with measurements under real skies. It was found that the data estimated by the proposed method were in good agreement both with the values simulated by RADIANCE and with the measured results. The paper offers to architects and building engineers a useful tool for estimating the daylight illuminance and in particular for determining and assessing various daylighting schemes and concepts during design and construction stages.     

The mathematisation of daylighting: a history of British architects' use of the daylight factor

British post-war planning guidance proposed that cities be rebuilt according to scientific principles. Mathematical tools were devised to determine built form; daylight levels within buildings were to be evaluated using a metric called the daylight factor. The daylight factor is still the principal metric used in daylighting guidance, despite recent calls to replace it with other metrics. This article explores whether the Modernist ambition, for buildings to be designed according to mathematically verifiable principles, was realised in relation to daylighting. Specifically, the article explores post-war architects' usage of the daylight factor in designing housing. The article draws on eleven semi-structured interviews with practising and retired architects, lighting consultants and a planning officer. Architects interviewed for the study reported that they did not routinely evaluate daylight factors at the design stage. Interviewees described the process as time-consuming, and often unnecessary as windows can be designed without undertaking a calculation or a photometric model study. Also, planning authorities rarely required architects to prove that proposed dwellings achieved specific daylight factors. However, those architects who were knowledgeable about daylight factors reported that this knowledge enhanced their understanding of the principles of daylighting. The daylight factor also helped to establish objective standards.     

双向建筑中庭天然采光与建筑设计的研究

通过研究双向建筑中庭的形状、高度、面积及中庭的天窗面积、玻璃材料与中庭天然采光之间的关系,为建筑师设计中庭提供理论依据。