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1.
Luis Arturo Bello‐Prez Rhebeca Romero‐Manilla Octavio Paredes‐Lpez 《Starch - St?rke》2000,52(5):154-159
Granular cold‐water‐soluble (GCWS) starches were prepared from banana starch treating it with 40 and 60% aqueous ethanol at two controlled temperatures (25 and 35 °C). GCWS starches prepared at 25 °C and with 40 and 60% aqueous ethanol had the lowest cold‐water solubility, that prepared with 40% aqueous ethanol at 35 °C and stored at room temperature showed low tendency to retrogradation, as assessed by transmittance. Solubility and swelling profiles were similar for GCWS starches and the freeze‐thaw stability of GCWS starches was increased as compared with native starch. The apparent viscosity of GCWS banana starches was higher than that of its native starch counterpart. 相似文献
2.
目的:探究杂豆作为淀粉凝胶类食品配料的潜力。方法:分析了绿豆、豌豆、白芸豆、赤小豆、鹰嘴豆5种杂豆粉的基本成分、水合特性、糊化特性、凝胶特性等。结果:绿豆粉的吸水性指数(WAI)在90 ℃和水溶性指数(WSI)在40 ℃时最高,吸水性较好;糊化结果中,绿豆粉的回生值最高,表现出良好的凝胶性;凝胶特性结果中,绿豆凝胶的硬度、咀嚼度显著高于其他杂豆粉,凝胶有一定弹性,咀嚼性较强;且绿豆凝胶无气泡、表面均匀、光滑度好,拉伸距离最长。结论:绿豆是5种杂豆中最适于做凝胶类食品配料的原料。 相似文献
3.
本实验以白芸豆和小利马豆为原料,采用碱法提取淀粉,对白芸豆淀粉和小利马豆淀粉的理化特性进行分析研究。结果表明,白芸豆和小利马豆的淀粉颗粒均呈表面光滑、无棱角及裂痕的特征,且2种淀粉的微晶结构均为A型;2种豆类淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度均随温度的升高而增加。小利马豆淀粉和白芸豆淀粉在冻融稳定性、透明度和成糊特性等方面存在显著差异,小利马豆淀粉的膨胀度、溶解度及淀粉糊的冻融稳定性和透明度更好,而白芸豆淀粉呈现起糊温度、峰值黏度、破损值和回生值较低的成糊特性,易成糊、抗剪切。 相似文献
4.
目的:弥补中国有关刀豆油脂提取技术,脂肪酸组成、理化性质研究不足的问题,为刀豆油脂的开发利用提供技术支持。方法:优化了正己烷萃取刀豆油脂的工艺参数,采用气相色谱—质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分析测定了刀豆油脂的脂肪酸种类和含量。结果:刀豆油脂最佳提取参数为液料比25∶1 (mL/g)、提取温度70℃、提取时间2 h,刀豆油脂提取率为3.12%。刀豆油脂由9种脂肪酸组成,主要有棕榈油酸、油酸和亚油酸3种,占总脂肪酸85.29%。刀豆油脂中饱和脂肪酸相对含量为10.88%,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为89.12%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为72.53%,二不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为12.76%,三不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为3.83%。结论:刀豆油脂以不饱和脂肪酸为主,油酸含量最高,脂肪酸种类与大豆油相似,但比例不同,理化性质与常见的花生油、大豆油比较接近。 相似文献
5.
旨在阐明薏米淀粉的结构和糊化特征,为薏米食品开发和品种改良提供理论支撑。以6份薏米为试验材料,在粳(非糯)、糯性鉴定的基础上比较了不同胚乳类型薏米淀粉在淀粉粒度、分子量、链长分布、结晶度及糊化热力学等结构和理化特征。碘试剂染色和淀粉含量结果显示,3份糯性材料的胚乳染色呈棕红色,直链淀粉含量为1.54%~2.34%;非糯薏苡胚乳染色呈蓝色,直链淀粉含量为9.55%~22.92%,而且粳、糯性性材料之间均差异显著。淀粉颗粒扫描电镜和粒度分析结果表明,粳、糯性薏苡淀粉颗粒排列的紧实度存在品种差异,但是淀粉颗粒形貌相似,主要呈多面体和球形,外表往往具小孔、空腔或凹陷;粒径范围为4.03~35.3 μm,重均分子量(Mw)、流体力学半径(Rw)分别为80254.8~159438.4 kDa和122.3~233.7 nm;淀粉链长呈单峰分布,B1链数量占绝对优势,平均聚合度为17.17~17.53。6份薏米淀粉在X射线衍射角(2?)15°、17°、18°和23.5°均出现强衍射峰,其晶体类型均为A型,而且粳性薏米的淀粉结晶度显著高于糯性薏米;在近红外光谱波数(cm-1)995、1022、1045和1047处均有吸收峰,以QY02的1 045 cm-1/1 022 cm-1比值最高。薏米淀粉的糊化焓、起糊温度、衰减值和回生值范围分别为9.582~11.210 (J/g)、 78.95~79.85 ℃、450.00~1071.00 cP和121.00~ 912.00 cP,相比之下,糯性薏米淀粉比粳性薏米淀粉更易糊化但是却不易老化。 相似文献
6.
以pH值、水分含量、蛋白质间化学作用力、三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic acid solution,TCA)-可溶性肽、蛋白质溶解度、蛋白质二级结构以及超微结构等物理化学变化为指标,研究蛋白质在鱼糜加工及凝胶形成过程中的变化机理。结果表明:在海鲈鱼糜加工过程中,漂洗可调节鱼糜pH值使其接近中性,斩拌和低温加热使pH值降低,40 ℃和90 ℃加热对鱼糜含水量无显著影响。漂洗可有效抑制蛋白质降解,使TCA-可溶性肽下降83%;斩拌对TCA-可溶性肽、溶解度和巯基无显著影响(P>0.05);40 ℃加热,由于组织蛋白酶的作用,TCA-可溶性肽增大68%。离子键和氢键在整个过程中呈持续下降趋势,加热后显著减少(P<0.05);疏水相互作用和二硫键呈上升趋势,均在90 ℃加热后含量最大;非二硫共价键在40 ℃加热时最大。漂洗后β-折叠结构含量下降13%,β-转角结构含量上升39%,无规卷曲和α-螺旋变化不显著(P>0.05);斩拌对β-折叠、β-转角、无规卷曲和α-螺旋均影响显著;40 ℃加热,α-螺旋解旋,β-折叠含量上升8%;90 ℃加热,β-转角含量上升36%(P<0.05),无规卷曲含量变化不显著。经相关性分析,蛋白质间化学键与α-螺旋和β-转角显著相关,与β-折叠和无规卷曲无明显相关性。本研究旨在为鱼糜凝胶形成机理的研究提供进一步参考。 相似文献
7.
以绿豆、奶花芸豆、红小豆、豌豆、英国红芸豆、小扁豆为材料,采用湿磨法提取淀粉,以大米、小麦淀粉为对照,对杂豆淀粉的理化特性进行分析研究。结果表明:6种杂豆淀粉颗粒形貌相似,颗粒普遍较大,呈圆形或椭圆形,均匀度较好。在相同制备条件下,杂豆淀粉间的水分、灰分和蛋白质差异较明显。杂豆淀粉间的直链淀粉和回生淀粉含量差距不大,均达40%以上。淀粉的溶解度和膨润力均随温度的升高而增加。杂豆淀粉间的透光率差异显著,普遍较小麦、大米淀粉的透光率要好。杂豆淀粉间的糊化特性差异显著,热特性差异不显著,淀粉分子结晶度相近,糊化难易程度比较接近。杂豆淀粉与小麦、大米淀粉理化性质差异显著。 相似文献
8.
Pilar Lorenzo Juscelino Tovar Elena Pinelli Dinah S Seidl 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1989,47(2):181-190
Subtilisin isoinhibitors (SI) were isolated from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L) and broad bean (Vicia faba L) seeds. Jack beans contain three isoinhibitors (pI 6.6, 6.3 and 6.0) that constitute 0.021 g per 100 g of dry seeds, while the two active proteins from broad beans (pI 5.7 and 5.1) represent 0.028%. The molecular weight, determined by gel filtration, is around 8000 D in both legumes. Large variations in specific activity of SI against subtilisin Carlsberg were detected in six species of the Canavalia genus, whereas only slight changes were found among six cultivars of C ensiformis. Antibodies raised against SI isolated from jack beans are specific for SI from different varieties of this and other species of the Canavalia genus. However, they do not recognise SI from broad beans and other legume seeds tested. In broad beans the variability between cultivars is significant. Cv Canaria has two active bands and four are detected in the ?dark’? variety, which is 2.7 times less active than the former. SI are specific towards microbial serine proteases, showing high affinity for proteinase K. No appreciable activity against animal proteases or plant thiol enzymes can be detected. SI are also inactive against 4 alpha-amylases of different origins. Reversible limited proteolysis of the reactive site bond suggests that SI interact with subtilisin by the ?standard mechanism’? usually accepted for the inhibition of trypsin by its proteinaceous inhibitors. 相似文献
9.
多酚是一种从植物中提取的,具有降血糖、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和抗菌特性的化合物。在一定条件下,淀粉可以与多酚发生相互作用,形成两种类型的复合物。一种是非包合物,即酚类化合物的羟基和羰基与淀粉相互作用形成分子间聚集体;另一种是V型包合物,即酚类化合物部分包封在淀粉的内部疏水螺旋内。上述两种复合物均对降低淀粉消化率有积极作用,但受加工方式、淀粉和多酚种类的影响。因此,本文在总结上述因素对淀粉-多酚复合物理化及消化特性影响的基础上,指出目前淀粉-多酚复合物研究中存在的不足之处,提出进一步的研究重点,以期为淀粉-多酚复合物在不同食品中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
10.
Foxtail millet: Properties,processing, health benefits,and uses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nitya Sharma 《Food Reviews International》2018,34(4):329-363
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is one of the earliest cultivated crops, extensively grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa, as well as in some other economically developed countries of the world where it is more commonly used as bird feed. This article presents a comprehensive review of the physicochemical and health-functional properties of foxtail millet, and the processing technologies employed to improve these properties and develop more palatable food products. Foxtail millet contains significant levels of protein, fiber, mineral, and phytochemicals. Anti-nutrients such as phytic acid and tannin present in this millet can be reduced to negligible levels by using suitable processing methods. The millet is also reported to possess hypolipidemic, low-glycemic index, and antioxidant characteristics. This review concludes that, like most millet varieties, foxtail millet remains under-utilized as a food source. It is however receiving increased research and commercial attention, especially because its cultivation is not too demanding from point of view of agricultural inputs and it can grow in difficult terrains. It would be reasonable to surmise that foxtail millet has a promising role to play in enhancing nutritional and food security. 相似文献
11.
研究超声波处理对芸豆蛋白(KBP)理化和功能性质的影响.分别探讨了不同超声波功率对芸豆蛋白的紫外光谱、荧光光谱等理化性质及溶解度、吸油性、起泡性能和乳化性能等功能性质的影响.结果表明,超声波处理对芸豆蛋白的紫外光谱和荧光光谱有明显的影响;芸豆蛋白的溶解度随超声波功率增加而逐渐提高,芸豆蛋白400 W时的起泡性和起泡稳定性、500 W时的乳化性和乳化稳定性和200 W时的吸油性最高.说明适宜的超声波功率水平能够改善芸豆蛋白的理化性质和功能性质. 相似文献
12.
David Betancur‐Ancona Elodia García‐Cervera Eduardo Caizares‐Hernndez Luis Chel‐Guerrero 《Starch - St?rke》2002,54(11):540-546
Canavalia ensiformis native starch was succinylated and the functional properties of the succinylated starch evaluated. Reaction conditions investigated included: pH (8.0—8.5 and 9.0—9.5), succinic anhydride concentration (3 and 4%), temperature (20 and 30 °C) and reaction time (1 and 3 h). When starch was succinylated with 4% succinic anhydride, at pH 8.0—8.5, at 30 °C for 1 h, 1.58% succinylation was obtained. Compared to native Canavalia starch, these succinylated products exhibited increasing paste and gel clarity, solubility (36%), swelling power (46.2 g water/g starch), and viscosity (86.5 mPas). Gelatinization temperature range was reduced to 67—73 °C and retrogradation was eliminated. The use of succinylated Canavalia starches as thickening and stabilizing agents in ice creams, fruit jellies, baked products, sauces and frozen foods is suggested. 相似文献
13.
Asaad R. Al-Hilphy Ammar B. Al-Temimi Hassan Hadi Mehdi Al Rubaiy Uttpal Anand Gonzalo Delgado-Pando Naoufal Lakhssassi 《Journal of food science》2020,85(5):1386-1396
Ultrasound (US) is classified as a nonthermal treatment and it is used in food processing at a frequency range between 20 kHz and 1 MHz. Cavitation bubbles occur when the US strength is high enough to generate rarefaction that exceeds the intermolecular attraction forces in the medium. Currently, US is widely used in meat industries to enhance procedures, such as meat tenderization, emulsification mass transfer, marination, freezing, homogenization, crystallization, drying, and microorganism inactivation. In addition, combining ultrasonic energy with a sanitizing agent has a synergistic effect on microbial reduction. When poultry meat is treated using US, the expected quality is often better than the traditional methods, such as sanitization and freezing. US can be considered as a novel green technology for tenderizing and decontamination of poultry meat since both Escherichia coli and Salmonella are sensible to US. US improves the physical and chemical properties of meat proteins and can lead to a decrease in the α-helix in intramuscular protease complex in addition to a reduction in the viscosity coefficients. Therefore, ultrasonic treatment can be applied to enhance the textural properties of chicken meat. US can also be used to improve the drying rate when used under vacuum, compared with other traditional techniques. This review focuses on the potential of US applications in the management of poultry industries as the demand for good quality meat proteins is increasing worldwide. 相似文献
14.
通过对比2 种不同脱蛋白方法,确定较适宜的脱蛋白方法并以DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow柱层析获得的多糖F1、F2、F3为主要原料,研究多糖的微观结构、单糖组成、刚果红反应及流变学性质。结果表明:不同多糖组分呈现不同的形态特征,主要以片状与纤维细丝状为主;F1与F2均以半乳糖为主要单糖,而F3中阿拉伯糖的含量最高;3 种组分均以无规则线团链构象存在于水溶液中。静态与动态流变学性质研究表明:小球藻多糖为假塑性流体,且为非凝胶性多糖。本实验可为藻类产品的研发与应用提供参考。 相似文献
15.
食源性荧光碳点(food-borne fluorescent carbon dots,FFCDs)是一种食物原料在加工诱导过程中形成的新型内源性荧光纳米粒子,涉及到加工过程中营养物质复杂物理化学转化过程及相互作用,其粒径一般小于10 nm,水溶性好,表面具有丰富且活泼的官能团,在激发光的照射下可以发出明亮的荧光。食品加工诱导产生的FFCDs最早于2012年在面包中被发现并提取,最近几年掀起了以绿色天然物质为碳源,经加工诱导制备食源性碳点的研究热潮。本文对来源于不同食品原料FFCDs的形貌结构及尺寸、元素组成及官能团和荧光特性等一系列理化性质进行了阐述。同时,基于FFCDs独有的荧光特性,利用体外模拟消化模型揭示FFCDs在体内的消化过程,再从与生物分子相互作用、抗氧化性等方面评价了其生物效应,最后归纳总结了FFCDs的细胞和动物毒性,旨在为未来食品加工过程中开展FFCDs的风险评估、研究可能的健康问题提供参考。 相似文献
16.
番薯淀粉组分的分级分离 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
运用交联明胶亲和色谱法,对番薯淀粉组分进行分离,得到直链和支链淀粉两个级分。直链和支链淀粉级分的蓝值和β-淀粉酶酶解极限分别为1.38%和98%,0.20%和50%,与标准的直链和支链淀粉相当。番薯淀粉中直链淀粉级分的含量为15.6%。 相似文献
17.
本研究以汉麻分离蛋白(Hemp Protein Isolate,HPI)为原料,通过超高压辅助酶解反应对HPI进行改性,以溶解度和水解度为判定指标筛选酶解改性反应最佳条件,并探究超高压辅助酶解反应对酶解产物溶解性、起泡性、乳化性、持水性、持油性的影响。结果表明,HPI酶解反应最适条件为:加酶量(复合蛋白酶)5000 U/g、酶解改性pH8.0、酶解改性温度55 ℃、酶解改性时间50 min。以HPI为对照,当压力为200 MPa时,酶解产物的溶解度、起泡性、乳化性、持油性最高,压力为100 MPa时,泡沫稳定性最好,酶解后的乳化稳定性存在不同程度的下降,压力为0.1 MPa时其持水性达到最大值。综上所述,超高压技术能够有效促进HPI的酶解改性反应,且压力为200 MPa时,酶解产物的理化性质最好。 相似文献
18.
为探究微波处理对绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、籼米淀粉结构特性和理化性质的影响,以这3种淀粉为原料,探究微波处理对3种淀粉的直链淀粉含量、颗粒形貌、偏光特性、结晶结构、短程有序性、热特性、糊化特性以及凝沉性的影响。结果表明,微波处理后,绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、籼米淀粉的直链淀粉分别由原来的36.78%、40.29%、15.96%提高至45.49%、44.17%、27.78%。经微波处理后,3种淀粉的颗粒表面均有不同程度的裂痕和破损,且偏光十字半数以上消失。微波处理后的绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、籼米淀粉的晶型和官能团未发生改变,但淀粉的相对结晶度分别降低了7.03%、4.94%、5.32%,而且微波处理后3种淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、回生值、糊化焓值均显著降低(P <0.05)。微波后的绿豆淀粉和豌豆淀粉凝沉速度比籼米淀粉更快且稳定。以上结果表明,微波处理对3种淀粉的颗粒结构和理化性质均有显著影响。 相似文献
19.
分析了盐对不同直链含量玉米淀粉的理化特性及流变学特性的影响。结果表明,盐抑制了淀粉颗粒的膨胀,盐浓度越大,抑制作用越强。盐质量浓度为0 g/100 mL的蜡质淀粉和普通淀粉膨胀势在65℃到75℃迅速增加,2.0 g/100 mL时膨胀势在75℃到85℃迅速增加且幅度最小。蜡质淀粉和普通淀粉DSC图谱呈G峰和M2峰,高直链淀粉呈G峰。盐提高了凝胶化起始温度,蜡质淀粉从50.1℃增加到90.2℃,普通淀粉从56.6℃增加到99.6℃,高直链淀粉从98.8℃增加到105.7℃。盐也抑制了淀粉的糊化进程,盐浓度越大,糊化温度越高。普通淀粉的储存模量G',损耗模量G\"和表观黏度η大于蜡质淀粉。普通淀粉和蜡质淀粉在低盐浓度(0.6g/100 mL)下的G'、G\"和η值均大于高盐浓度(2.0 g/100 mL)。 相似文献