基于建筑能耗监管平台的VRV空调系统及集中式空调系统运行电耗分析

本文基于辽宁省3个建筑能耗监管平台对分别设有VRV及集中式空调系统的12栋办公建筑进行了建筑电耗分析。结果表明:VRV空调系统及集中式空调系统都存在很大的节能潜力;VRV空调系统随室内冷负荷变化的可调节性要好于集中式空调系统;最后指出影响两类空调系统节能运行的主要因素。     

VRV空调系统新风设计改造应用

VRV空调系统新风问题一直是VRV空调系统设计的难点,也很大程度上限制了VRV空调系统的进一步应用。本文总结了VRV空调系统的设备特点,介绍了VRv空调系统新风的设计常用处理方法,结合民政部办公楼改造工程对VRV新风系统进行了设计,并与风机盘管新风系统进行了比较。     

多元VRV空调系统的设计与安装

本文根据多元VRV空调的特点,分析了在小型建筑中选用VRV空调时布置灵活、控制方便、经济节能的优势,同时也提出VRV空调系统存在的系统冷剂泄漏安全、室内空气品质、噪声等问题。对VRV空调在不同建筑规模条件下使用的经济性进行了分析,论证了在较大规模建筑中VRV空调系统投资经济性降低,一般不宜选用,比较全面地指出了VRV空调系统的局限性。此外,笔者对业主如何科学地设计VRV空调提出了意见,并列举了VRV空调系统在安装时室外机散热、冷剂管道泄漏、控制电缆敷设中常见的质量问题,对VRV空调的适用性、舒适性、安全性及安装提出了建议。     

经济型多元VRV空调系统的设计与安装

本文根据多元VRV空调的特点,分析了在小型建筑中选用VRV空调时布置灵活、控制方便、经济节能的优势,同时也提出VRV空调系统存在的系统冷剂泄漏安全、室内空气品质、噪声等问题。对VRV空调在不同建筑规模条件下使用的经济性进行了分析,论证了在较大规模建筑中VRV空调系统投资经济性降低,一般不宜选用,比较全面地指出了VRV空调系统的局限性。此外,笔者对业主如何科学地设计VRV空调提出了意见,并列举了VRV空调系统在安装时室外机散热、冷剂管道泄漏、控制电缆敷设中常见的质量问题,对VRV空调的适用性、舒适性、安全性及安装提出了建议。     

数码涡旋与变频技术在VRV空调系统中能效分析

目前VRV空调在市场上主要分为数码涡旋VRV系统和变频VRV系统,分别对两种技术的原理进行介绍,指出了两种系统的特点和不同之处,并从理论计算和实验两个方面对变频系统和数码涡旋系统的能效进行对比分析,引入了综合部分负荷系数IPLV,并阐述了一些实际实验中的影响因素,指出了进一步研究和推广两种系统需要解决的问题。供以后设计和运用这两种空调系统形式的人员参考。     

数码涡旋与变频技术在VRV空调系统中能效分析

目前VRV空调在市场上主要分为数码涡旋VRV系统和变频VRV系统,分别对两种技术的原理进行介绍,指出了两种系统的特点和不同之处,并从理论计算和实验两个方面对变频系统和数码涡旋系统的能效进行对比分析,引入了综合部分负荷系数IPLV,并阐述了一些实际实验中的影响因素,指出了进一步研究和推广两种系统需要解决的问题.供以后设计和运用这两种空调系统形式的人员参考.     

浅谈VRV空调系统原理及应用

简要介绍了VRV空调系统的起源、概念、热力学原理及构成,阐述了VRV空调系统常见的几种控制方式,指出了VRV空调系统的优缺点和在施工过程中应该注意的一些问题,从而推广VRV空调系统的应用。     

上海市某办公楼VRV空调系统能耗模拟分析

VRV空调系统因其使用灵活,节能效果显著,系统简单等特点在办公建筑中得到广泛应用。利用e QUEST软件对上海某地区一办公楼VRV空调系统的模拟研究,对比VRV空调系统与加装热交换器的VRV空调系统能耗,研究结果表明VRV+ERV空调系统配合合理的运行方案具有明显的节能效果。     

水冷式VRV多联机空调系统的推广应用

介绍了水冷式VRV空调系统的应用背景,通过工程设计实例,对VRV多联机空调系统和传统空调系统投资及运维指标进行了对比分析,指出VRV多联机空调系统在使用和管理、年运行管理维修(护)费用、能源利用率及环保等方面,均优于传统中央空调系统,具有明显的经济及节能优势。     

浅谈VRV空调系统室外机散热校核

本文分析了VRV空调系统室外机的散热问题,并通过工程实例,探讨了如何对VRV空调系统室外机进行散热校核.     

Improvement of intermittent central heating system of university building

Most universities in Korea use intermittent central heating system which operates according to a preset intermittent schedule that is determined based on outdoor air temperature. This system is popular for university buildings due to its low initial cost and simple operation. But since it is not based on feedback control, the indoor thermal comfort is unsatisfactory. In this research, problem with the current control system is studied by experiment and dynamic simulation. The measurement shows that the indoor temperature rises to an uncomfortable range during heating and falls below comfortable range when heating is off. To solve this situation, an on-off control is implemented and simulated using a dynamic simulation program. Since there is a good agreement between experiment and dynamic simulation results, dynamic simulation is used to predict other results with different conditions of interest. The simulation shows that by implementing on-off control, the indoor space can be maintained within comfortable range, moreover using less energy. By reinforcing insulation to the walls that are exposed to the outdoor environment, heating energy can be saved further.     

数码涡旋多联式空调系统冬季运行特性实测

研究了数码涡旋多联式空调系统的冬季运行状况和节能性能,分析了影响系统小时平均供热性能系数HHPF的主要因素,得到了系统HHPF随室内机开机率、室外环境温度和室内设定温度的变化规律以及数码涡旋多联式空调系统部分负荷运行特性。通过计算每个工况点压缩机运行容量百分比,分析了室内机开机率和室外环境温度对压缩机运行容量百分比的影响。     

IDC机房用室外冷源降温的可行性分析

在分析当前电信行业空调节能技术应用背景的基础上,对廊坊电信数据中心机房空调节能改造进行了技术分析.对直接引入新风式节能系统和隔离式新风热交换系统进行了分析与比较,结果表明根据机房空调负荷和室外气象条件,应用室外新风进行机房降温在技术上是可行的.对机房空调节能改造方案的经济分析表明,室外自然冷源能有效降低通信机房空调运行能耗,可实现通信机房空调节电30%以上,投资回收期在2.5年以下,具有良好的经济和社会效益.     

上海地区建筑能耗计算用典型年气象数据的研究

以同济大学某教学楼为研究对象,对比了用EnergyPlus模拟计算得到的全年耗电量和实测耗电量,研究了用于建筑能耗动态计算的5套典型年气象数据的可靠性,得出了CTYW气象数据最接近现实情况的结论。对其中影响较大的参数如室外气温、湿度和太阳辐射量进行分析和比较,指出所用5套典型年气象数据间的差异来自观测值的缺损和统计处理模型的不完善,特别是日射模型存在一定缺陷。     

Prototype development of the rooftop turbine ventilator powered by hybrid wind and photovoltaic energy

In order to respond the suggestions made in the previous works, such as (1) improving the design of the rooftop ventilator commonly used in Taiwan, (2) making the “push–pull” airflow model in the ventilation duct effective for the bathroom ventilation and (3) combining the energy demands of the ventilator with renewable energy to reduce energy consumption, this study develops a prototype of the rooftop turbine ventilator powered by hybrid wind and photovoltaic energy. A low-speed wind tunnel experiment is performed to investigate the prototype's ventilation performance. The experimental results indicate installing an inner fan at low outdoor wind speed (0 and 5 m/s) increases the ventilation rate. The ventilation rate was not improved by installing an inner fan at a high outdoor wind speed. A rated rotation speed close to 1500 rpm is highly recommended when installing the inner fan. This study also introduces the general application modes of the proposed ventilator, and their electricity specifications.     

空调用蒸发式冷凝器能耗实验研究

当室外气温较高时,风冷热泵系统冷凝器存在换热效果下降的问题,而蒸发式冷凝器可以改善此问题,蒸发式冷凝器因此逐步得到广泛重视。为研究采用蒸发式冷凝器制冷系统的能耗情况,通过正交实验的方法,对比研究了蒸发式冷凝器与风冷式冷凝器在相同工况下压缩机能耗情况,并对影响其性能的因素进行了分析。研究表明,各因素对压缩机耗功量的影响能力依次为:冷凝器进口空气温度、速度及冷凝器喷水量。压缩机耗功量随进口空气温度的升高、进风空气速度降低而增大,随喷水量增加存在先减小后保持不变的现象。     

Experimental estimation of building energy performance by robust regression

Estimation of energy performance indexes, like the heating curve or the energy signature, requires robust regression of the heating losses on the outdoor temperature. The solution proposed in this paper is to use the range between the 1st and the 3rd quartile of the quantile–quantile (q–q) plot to check if the heating losses and the outdoor temperature have the same distribution and, if yes, to perform the regression in this range of the q–q plot. The result is a model that conserves its prediction performance for data sets of the outdoor temperature different of those used for parameter identification. The robust model gives the overall heat transfer coefficient and the base temperature, and it may be used to estimate the energy consumption for data sets of the outdoor temperature coming from different time—space locations.     

燃气机热泵一次能源利用率的分析

分析了燃气机热泵系统的工作原理，给出了其一次能源利用率的计算式，指出了影响一次能源利用率的因素。通过实验，得出了发动机转速与热泵性能系数、发动机热效率的关系曲线，并进行了分析。     

Development of outdoor recreation in Beijing,China between 1990 and 2010

Less developed countries face the challenge of meeting the rising demand for outdoor recreation opportunities in metropolitan areas. It is important to understand the developing process of outdoor recreation and identify the influencing factors in order to overcome the challenge. This study analyzed the growth of outdoor recreation in Beijing, China from 1990 to 2010 using information collected from official reports, field investigations, and an online survey. The results showed that the number of outdoor recreation sites in Beijing increased at an annual rate of 20.3%, growing slowly from 1990 to 2002 and accelerating from 2002 to 2010. Increased private car ownership and per capita income had strong influences on the growth of outdoor recreation sites. The study also found that the government played an active role in developing outdoor recreation in Beijing, especially in rural areas. Shortage of time and inconvenient transportation were residents’ main reasons for not participating in outdoor recreation activities. In the process of developing outdoor recreation in Beijing, lack of planning and lack of public participation in the decision-making process were identified as the major issues. These problems should be avoided by other less developed countries who wish to develop outdoor recreation in their metropolitan areas.     

Prediction-based online optimal control of outdoor air of multi-zone VAV air conditioning systems

An optimal strategy for outdoor air control is developed using a system approach based on prediction to minimize energy consumption. ARMA model is used to predict the energy performance which is expressed by an energy-increment equation. The energy-increment equation is formed to involve the real-time variations of AHU load and energy use of reheaters of VAV terminals. To minimize the Energy-increment equation by genetic algorithm, the optimal settings of outdoor air ratio of AHU and reheating could be obtained. The strategy is tested and evaluated in a simulated environment under various outdoor and indoor conditions.