乙丙烷制乙烯装置工艺循环水处理技术研究及应用

随着我国乙烯产能逐年提升,需要处理的制乙烯工业工艺循环水的处理量也越来越大,水质指标也越来越严格。传统的旋流、气浮等技术已经无法满足高含油量、高含悬量工艺循环水的处理。因此,本研究采用组合纤维聚结的技术设计了新型聚结除油器并进行了中试试验,结果表明该聚结除油器除油除悬效果好,对水质波动的适应性强,能够满足企业实际生产需求。     

聚结分离技术在油水分离中的应用

对聚结分离技术在处理油水混合物方面的研究应用进行了综述,分析了聚结分离的基本过程和影响聚结分离效率的因素。阐述了分散相液滴在聚结分离技术中接近过程、粘附过程和释放过程的基本原理;分析了聚结纤维尺寸、表面性能和液体流速等因素对聚结分离效率的影响。最后总结了目前聚结分离技术存在的问题,并指出了未来研究和发展方向。     

污水中油滴聚结机理与材料聚结技术研究进展

独到地分析了含油污水中油滴的材料聚结机理与水力聚结机理的区别和联系,综述了油滴的微观聚结行为。从聚结材料的选择与研制、表面改性与适当处理、聚结停留时间、材料聚结中的水力聚结作用4个方面,重点介绍了材料聚结技术的研究和应用。总结了材料聚结除油技术的不足,指出实现材料聚结和水力聚结的有机融合是材料聚结除油技术未来研究和发展的趋势。     

油田采出水聚结分离研究进展

聚结分离具有结构紧凑、使用成本低、处理量大等优点。本文概述了油田采出水的成分和特点以及油田常用采出水处理技术,综述了聚结技术发展历史、聚结机理研究进展、聚结分离装置现状以及聚结数值模拟研究进展,并对聚结机理和设备的研究进行了展望。     

液-液聚结分离器及其在裂解汽油加氢装置中的应用研究

大庆石化新建裂解汽油加氢装置采用聚结分离器进行原料脱水预处理。文章首先简要介绍聚结分离器在裂解汽油加氢装置中的应用情况,从聚结分离器的聚结机理和结构、聚结分离滤芯方面进行深入探讨,对聚结分离器的使用、滤芯更换提出了一些要求,最后对实际应用效果进行简短评价。     

聚结技术及其乳化油水分离性能

聚结分离是一种利用油、水两相对材料浸润性的不同而实现乳化液滴聚结长大并最终通过重力沉降实现油水分离的物理方法,这种方法结构可控性好、分离效率高、运行成本低,是乳化油水分离领域的研究热点。本文首先对聚结分离方法进行详细阐述,介绍了聚结分离原理和影响因素;总结了近年来国内外学者对聚结材料表面改性和修饰等方面的研究。通过调控聚结材料的表面具有特殊浸润性,可显著提高油水分离效率;系统介绍聚结分离器的分类及其应用。最后阐述了聚结分离技术在石油化工领域的应用。本文对聚结分离技术进行展望,指出可以进一步研究实际液滴聚结过程和分离效果影响因素,应深入研究分离器在乳化油水分离过程中液滴聚结行为、机理、控制机制将是研究的重点。     

聚结除油器出口水中含油工况研究与优化

聚结除油器是油田生产水处理系统的重要设备之一。本文针对聚结除油器在运行时出口水中含油超标问题,根据平台现有的设备和条件,确定了聚结除油器出口水中含油超标的四个主要因素：聚结除油器入口压力、收油量和清水剂浓度参数设置不合理和聚结三级分离模块积油。首先围绕聚结除油器参数入口压力、收油量和清水剂浓度三因素进行正交分析,找出其对聚结除油器影响的主次排列,并明确聚结除油器处理工况最佳因素组成,试验数据表明,清水剂浓度在聚结除油器出口水中含油起主要作用,按最佳因素设置聚结除油器清水剂浓度、收油量和入口压力参数;不改变聚结主体结构,最后对聚结除油器三级分离模块进行改造,使用强化分离模块替换改性纤维,并加装排油管线。通过上述措施,最终使聚结除油器出口水中含油达到设计要求,提高了聚结除油器处理效果。     

液—液两相聚结分离原理及实际应用

对非均相液—液两相的聚结分离机理进行了阐述,以纤维类聚结介质为例,将聚结过程分为液滴捕集、液滴聚结和液滴沉降三个阶段。在聚结原理基础之上,对液—液聚结分离用的聚结材料进行分类,在此基础之上,详细介绍了目前应用比较广泛的液—液两相分离设备。最后指出液—液两相聚结分离技术及设备的发展方向。     

高效复合聚结板式油水分离器的开发

通过对聚结板式油水分离器传质过程机理的研究,开发出能够强化油水分离过程的新型高效复合聚结板。复合聚结板的两表面分别具有良好的亲水和亲油性能,迎合了油水分离过程要求,从而使聚结板式油水分离器的分离效率提高25%,处理能力增加40%。文中还对复合聚结板式油水分离器的主要结构参数和操作参数进行了优化,为工程设计提供可靠的理论依据。     

液态氯乙烯两种脱水技术对比

为了降低水在聚氯乙烯生产中对单体及聚合质量的影响,可采用聚结器脱除水分。阐述了聚结器的分离原理和技术特点。用实例对比了聚结器脱水新技术和传统脱水工艺固碱吸附器脱水技术两种技术的实际运行指标及成本分析。     

我国环己烷氧化分解液碱水分离技术研究进展

废碱液的分离是环己烷氧化法制备环己酮的关键处理环节,若分离不彻底,将直接导致烷蒸馏塔再沸器结垢,造成物料消耗增加及装置运行周期大幅度缩短;因此如何高效降低环己烷氧化分解液中废碱含量一直是各个企业所面临的难题。本文对环己烷氧化分解液碱水分离技术进展进行了综述,分析了重力沉降+斜板分离工艺、重力沉降+聚结分离工艺、重力沉降+旋流分离+聚结分离工艺、斜板分离+旋流分离+聚结分离工艺技术的原理、特点及其应用效果。随着深度分离技术的升级,进入烷蒸馏塔物料中Na⁺含量从50~100mg/kg降至0.2mg/kg以下,环己酮装置开车周期从2~3个月延长到24个月以上。从工业应用效果来看,重力沉降+旋流分离+聚结分离工艺碱水分离效率最高、工业应用效果最好,值得大力推广应用。此外,斜板分离+旋流分离+聚结分离工艺作为新型组合分离技术,其分离效果有待进一步工业验证。     

Vergleich des Koaleszenzverhaltens ruhender und umströmter Wasser‐in‐Öl‐in‐Wasser‐Einzeltropfen

Phase inversion of a water‐in‐oil emulsion to a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion is practically used for liquid/liquid separation. For successful separation in the water leg the coalescence of the internal droplets with the surrounding continuous water phase is decisive. The determination of this coalescence phenomenon is applied for the process design. Therefore, single water‐in‐oil‐in‐water drops are investigated under static and dynamic conditions by means of high speed imaging. The influence of physical and geometrical parameters on the coalescence time and partial coalescence is determined.     

液滴在斜板层膜上聚结时间的计算

在对聚结过程和分离界面处液滴与层膜流体力学特性分析的基础上,建立了单个液滴在斜板层膜上聚结时间模型,模型计算值与BlassE等人报道的实验结果误差小于10％。     

Modeling of droplet-droplet interaction phenomena in gas-liquid systems for natural gas processing

The design of efficient gas liquid separation units for natural gas production lines depends on the accurate estimation of the droplet size distribution. The droplet size can be estimated by considering breakage and coalescence phenomena. In particular, off-shore separation units working at high pressure (100-200 bar) require special consideration of coalescence processes with multiple outcomes. This work discusses the introduction of multiple outcomes in the coalescence process. Numerical experiments are presented in order to highlight the effect of multiple coalescence behavior in the evolution of the droplet size distribution.     

Coalescence phenomena in liquid-liquid systems

The factors affecting phase separation of liquid dispersion are discussed in order to identify the parameters controlling the coalescence processes occurring in primary and secondary dispersions. Models for the estimation of wedge length and band thickness in gravity settlers are reviewed, and the trends in future studies in the design and analysis of this type of equipment introduced. The phase separation of dispersions in packed beds is also considered, and the effects of the properties of the packing and the system on the coalescence processes occurring in the packing analysed. The importance of the system properties, packing voidage and the exit drop mechanism on the design of a packing for a phase separation operation are emphasised. Some recent results explaining the increased coalescence rate at the junction between a high energy and low energy surface are presented. In addition, some recent work in these laboratories on the separation of secondary dispersions are also presented.     

Effects of viscosity on coalescence of a bubble upon impact with a free surface

Effects of liquid viscosity on coalescence of a bubble upon impact with a free surface were studied both experimentally and numerically. Experiments were conducted in a pool filled with silicone oil by generating a nitrogen gas bubble and observing it with a high-speed video camera. Full Navier-Stokes equations were solved with two level set functions for a bubble and a free surface. As a result, the Weber number was the most important parameter determining the coalescence time in low viscosity liquids. In contrast, the coalescence time in a high viscosity liquid was much greater than that of a low viscosity liquid with the same Weber number. In addition, the thresholds between bubble coalescence and bouncing were affected by liquid viscosity. For the differences in coalescence time, foam was observed at the free surface in the case of high viscosity case only the difference of liquid viscosity in the non-polar liquid. By examining the pressure distribution of the liquid film between the bubble and the free surface and the downward liquid flow, we conclude that not only the liquid film but also the liquid flow field underneath the bubble was important for bubble coalescence or bouncing.     

气体超声速凝结与旋流分离研究进展

超声速旋流分离技术是天然气加工处理领域的一大技术创新,它将膨胀降温、旋流式气/液分离、再压缩等处理过程集中在密闭紧凑装置中完成。本文总结了超声速旋流分离装置种类、原理及优缺点,并从理论分析、数值模拟、实验和现场应用等方面回顾了易凝气体低温凝结理论和超声速旋流分离技术研究现状和最新进展。大量实验及现场应用均表明超声速旋流分离装置具有结构紧凑轻巧、节能环保、安全可靠等优点,同时该技术的应用不断趋于多元化,从传统的脱水、脱重烃逐渐向脱酸气和天然气液化领域拓展,应用前景广阔,但在应用过程中也存在液滴二次蒸发与能量损失较大等问题。下一步研究工作可以从多组分混合物凝结过程的交互作用机制、凝结液滴的运动特性和碰撞聚并机理等方面入手,在此基础上探索提高凝结效率和降低能量损耗的方法,以促进超声速旋流分离技术多元化的工业应用。     

微流控技术中液滴聚并的研究进展

随着微流控技术的发展,在微通道内精确调控液滴行为的研究受到越来越多的关注。详细介绍了引发液滴聚并的方式,包括主动聚并和被动聚并。主动聚并是指施加电场、磁场、温度场等引起液滴融合,被动聚并是指通过改变通道结构或改变通道壁面润湿性促进聚并发生。此外,综述了液滴聚并动力学研究进展,例如：液膜排出时间和临界毛细管数。最后对聚并过程中的流场研究做了简要介绍。对液滴聚并的后续机理研究、探索高效的聚并方式和聚并的实际应用具有重要的指导意义。     

Separation of liquid–liquid dispersion in a batch settler: CFD-PBM simulations incorporating interfacial coalescence

Several commercially important chemical processes involve liquid–liquid phase separation. In the present work, we have developed a multi-fluid Eulerian CFD model using OpenFOAM that incorporates binary and interfacial coalescence processes. We simulated separation of kerosene dispersed in water in a batch settler and validated the predictions using the measurements of time-evolution of coalescing and settling interfaces, local dispersed-phase volume fraction (α_O) and drop size distribution (DSD). Simulations are performed to understand the contributions of binary and interfacial coalescence processes to the phase separation process. While the time-evolution of coalescing and settling fronts can be predicted reasonably well using the two-fluid model with empirically-corrected drag models, local α_O and DSD could not be predicted. We have shown that the comprehensive multi-fluid Eulerian model, which incorporates binary and interfacial coalescence, predicts the time-evolution of the coalescing and settling fronts, local α_O and the DSD in an excellent agreement with the measurements.