麦秸秆/聚丙烯发泡复合材料的热稳定性与微观结构

为探讨发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)添加量对麦秸秆/聚丙烯(PP)发泡复合材料的热稳定性、微观结构以及化学结构的影响,采用TG-DSC、FTIR和体视显微镜分析了麦秸秆/PP发泡复合材料的热稳定性、化学结构和微观结构,并测定了复合材料的线性膨胀系数、导热系数、表观密度和力学性能。结果表明:AC添加量及其热分解程度均对麦秸秆/PP发泡复合材料的热稳定性、泡孔结构和热膨胀性能影响显著;当AC添加量为1.0wt%时,其热分解程度最高,复合材料具有较好的热稳定性,泡孔结构均匀,麦秸秆与基体界面稳定,线性膨胀系数最小。所得结论表明,当AC添加量为1.0wt%时,麦秸秆/PP发泡复合材料具有较好的综合性能。      

PP/LCP复合材料的物性及力学特性

通过对容易再生的PP/LCP复合材料的微观结构、动态粘弹性特性、热膨胀特性以及力学特性进行讨论,明确了PP/LCP虽为不相溶的两相复合材料,但由于PP和LCP相的热膨胀系数不同,使两相具有比较好的界面结合强度。当LCP加入量低于40 ％时,形成以PP为基LCP为纤维状的强化相并沿流动方向分布。LCP的含量高于60 ％后,PP相的存在对复合材料的延性及强度均带来不利影响。      

钛掺入对Cu/Si（100）及Cu/SiO2薄膜体系热稳定性的影响

利用简易合金靶材在Si（100）和SiO2基底上磁控溅射制备了Cu（1.42%Ti）薄膜。研究了少量钛对Cu/Si（100）和Cu/SiO2薄膜体系在573-773 K退火前后的微观组织结构以及界面反应的影响。X射线衍射分析表明,溅射态Cu（Ti）薄膜均呈现Cu（111）和Cu（200）衍射峰,而钛显著增强铜薄膜的（111）织构。对于退火态的Cu（Ti）/Si薄膜体系,由于少量钛在薄膜/基底界面处的存在,起到净化界面作用,促使Cu3Si的形成,从而降低了薄膜体系的热稳定性。但对于Cu（Ti）/SiO2薄膜体系,在773 K退火后,仍然呈现出良好的热稳定性。薄膜截面的结构形貌以及界面处俄歇谱的分析结果都充分证实了上述结果。     

改性石墨烯/聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及性能

采用不同含量的硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）对石墨烯（GE）进行改性,将改性GE（KH-GE）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行熔融混炼制备KH-GE/PVC复合材料。通过FTIR、Raman、XRD、TEM和SEM表征改性前后GE结构变化,并考察了KH-GE/PVC复合材料的力学性能、导电性能及稳定性能。结果表明,GE∶KH570质量比为1∶2时,KH-GE的层间距较大,改善了GE的团聚,使GE在PVC基体中的分散得到了改善。随着KH-GE含量的增加,KH-GE/PVC复合材料的力学性能显著提高,当KH-GE质量分数为1.5wt%时,KH-GE/PVC复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为23.98 MPa和226.78%,比未添加KH-GE的PVC复合材料分别提高了51.1%和65.73%;相对于纯PVC,当KH-GE质量分数为1.5wt%时,对应的50%热失重（T_50%）及90%热失重（T_90%）分别从289.81℃和486.01℃提高到298.51℃和596.53℃,提高了KH-GE/PVC复合材料的热稳定性,导电性也显著提高。     

碳纳米管/粉末丁苯橡胶复合材料的热学性能

将碳纳米管(CNTs)及其它配合剂制成悬浮液,与丁苯胶乳共混,然后利用喷雾干燥法制备CNTs/粉末丁苯橡胶复合材料,检测其热学性能,并进行相应的理论分析。结果表明,随着CNTs加入量的增加,橡胶复合材料的热分解温度逐渐增加,CNTs/橡胶复合材料的热导率逐渐提高,当CNTs体积百分比含量约为22%,即CNTs加入量为60 phr时,与纯胶样品相比,复合材料的热导率提高近1倍。理论分析表明,由于CNTs自身的弯曲和缠绕以及混酸氧化对CNTs自身导热性能的破坏,复合材料热导率的实测值与理论计算值存在一定差距。     

三种壳类植物纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料性能比较

以壳类植物纤维(榛子壳、椰壳、稻壳)为填料,以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,采用挤出成型工艺制备三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料。对三种壳类植物纤维进行了成分分析;对三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料进行了力学性能和吸水性能测试,并进行了FTIR和TG-DSC联用法分析,用SEM观察了复合材料断面微观结构。结果表明:三种壳类植物材料中,稻壳纤维素含量最高,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料有较好的结合界面和力学性能,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料弯曲强度为69.79 MPa,分别比椰壳纤维/PVC和榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料高4.34%和24.87%。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料24h吸水率均小于1%,其中椰壳纤维/PVC复合材料吸水性较小,其24h吸水率为0.600 5%,榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料热稳定性较好。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料力学性能和吸水性均符合国家标准GB/T 24137—2009和GB/T 24508—2009要求。     

铝/钛/铝三层复合板热轧工艺及微观组织研究

钛/铝层状复合材料具有两种材料优异的特性,能够满足一些特殊工程需要。开发了热轧复合技术,成功制备了铝(1100)/钛(TA2)/铝(1100)三层复合板。研究了复合板轧制过程中的关键轧制技术参数(临界压下率和轧制复合工艺条件)。利用光学显微镜和SEM观察了钛/铝复合板及结合界面形貌,分析了不同退火温度对复合板力学性能的影响。基于实验结果,描述了影响复合板质量和有助于提高复合板结合强度的关键工艺过程。     

弯曲疲劳后4D-C/C复合材料的抗弯强度及热膨胀性能(英文)

采用液相浸渍炭化技术,在压力为75MPa下制备出4D-C/C复合材料,并进行高温热处理。研究静态和动态加载条件下,材料沿厚度方向的弯曲性能及断裂行为。结果表明,循环次数达到10×105次、频率为10 Hz时,材料的临界弯曲疲劳极限是静态弯曲强度的80%。静态弯曲加载情况下,C/C复合材料失效机制取决于试样底层炭纤维的取向。循环疲劳载荷作用下,其失效机制包括基体开裂、纤维-基体界面弱化及纤维断裂。复合材料在循环加载过程中界面结合强度降低,并释放内应力,故增强了纤维拔出以及复合材料的假塑性,疲劳加载后其剩余弯曲强度增加10%左右,而模量降低。疲劳载荷引起材料基体缺陷和裂纹数量的增加及纤维断裂,削弱了长度方向上的热膨胀,使材料热膨胀系数降低。     

界面结合强度对C/Cu 复合材料热膨胀性能的影响

本文通过在C/C u 复合材料的Cu 基体中添加不同的合金元素(Sn,Ni, Fe) 获得不同的界面结合强度, 研究了界面结合强度对C/C u 复合材料热膨胀特性的影响规律, 并分析了界面结合强度对降温过程中复合材料的收缩特性及残余应变的影响。      

稻壳SiO2/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的热性能研究

将稻壳用10%的盐酸处理后在600℃焚烧得到纯度为99.3%,比表面积为212g/cm2的SiO2,经硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)改性后的SiO2为无定形态,尺寸在30~50nm。将改性后的稻壳SiO2与EP复合,对SiO2/EP纳米复合材料的热膨胀过程进行了详细的研究。结果表明:稻壳SiO2的加入,能有效降低SiO2/EP纳米复合材料的热分解性能,其降低量随稻壳SiO2含量增加而增加。纳米复合材料在玻璃态(30℃≤T≤140℃)以及在大于180℃的橡胶态,热膨胀系数随温度变化不大,而在玻璃态与橡胶态的过渡区,材料随温度升高出现收缩。进一步研究发现材料的热循环次数对纳米复合材料的热收缩现象影响较大,热循环次数的增加能消除降低材料在升温过程的中的收缩现象,并有效降低材料的热膨胀系数。     

四种壳类纤维/聚氯乙烯木塑复合材料的蠕变及磨损性能

选用4种壳类纤维-椰子壳、榛子壳、核桃壳和稻壳为填充材料,聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体材料,制备壳类纤维/PVC复合材料,对4种壳类纤维进行了FTIR和热分析,对4种壳类纤维/PVC复合材料进行蠕变及磨损性能测试。结果表明：4种壳类材料中,稻壳纤维中纤维素含量最高,为43.6%,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料具有较好的结合界面和力学性能,其压缩、拉伸和弯曲强度最高,分别为43.1 MPa、23.2 MPa和46.1 MPa,比强度最低的核桃壳纤维/PVC复合材料分别高出13.7%、33.3%和21.0%,在相同应力作用下,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料蠕变应变值最小;在相同磨损条件下,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料的比磨损率最小,其摩擦系数亦为最小。     

稻壳/高密度聚乙烯复合材料与稻壳炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能对比

采用挤出法制备稻壳/高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料。利用SEM、XRD对稻壳/HDPE和稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料进行表征,并对其力学性能和抗蠕变性能进行测试对比。结果表明,稻壳和HDPE之间的结合方式与稻壳炭和HDPE之间的结合方式存在根本性的差异,稻壳/HDPE复合材料表现为稻壳被HDPE所包裹,稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料表现为HDPE嵌入稻壳炭的孔隙中;稻壳和稻壳炭的加入都会影响HDPE基复合材料的结晶峰强度,但不会对其微晶结构产生影响;无论是抗弯强度、拉伸强度还是抗蠕变强度,稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料都远远强于稻壳/HDPE复合材料。     

聚氨酯-纳米CaCO3/PVC复合材料力学性能

在考察了聚氨酯-纳米碳酸钙/聚氯乙烯(PU-nano-CaCO₃/PVC)反应挤出工艺的基础上,结合PU 的反应特点,将经硬脂酸表面处理的nano-CaCO₃利用超声辐照技术并经搅拌分散于液化4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(L-MDI)中,采用反应挤出一步法工艺制备了PU-nano-CaCO₃/PVC复合材料,并对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,PU与nano-CaCO₃的质量配比为4∶1时,对PVC的增韧效果最佳,PU与nano-CaCO₃能协同增韧PVC,且nano-CaCO₃具有补强作用。当PU/nano-CaCO₃/PVC质量比为20∶5∶75时,材料的综合性能最优,冲击强度达到58.3 kJ/m,拉伸强度为51.5MPa。     

Electrical,mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride composites filled with aluminum powder

In this work, the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites filled with different content of aluminum powder varying from 0 to 40 wt.% have been prepared. The dielectric properties of these composites were investigated in the frequency range 100 Hz–100 kHz at temperature range from 30 to 98 °C. The percolation threshold concentration, which is the concentration after which the conductivity increases many orders of magnitude with very little increase in the filler content for PVC/Al composites depends upon the measuring temperature, whether it is below or above the glass transition of the polymer matrix. The highest value of the electrical conductivity, σ, of the composites was found to be in the order of 10⁻⁸ S cm⁻¹, this value recommend such composites to be used in electrostatic dissipation applications as the range of conductivity for such application should be in the range of 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁹ S cm⁻¹.     

Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the properties of moso bamboo particles reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites

Bamboo plastic composites were fabricated from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and moso bamboo particles (BP). In order to improve the interfacial interaction between BP and PVC, as well as to obtain composites with outstanding mechanical properties, the roles of hydrothermal treating temperatures (120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260 and 280 °C) on characteristics of BP and properties of the PVC/BP composites were investigated. Results showed that hydrothermal modification improved the surface property of BP and wiped off hemicelluloses and pectin. A uniform dispersion of BP in PVC matrix was observed by SEM with hydrothermal treatment. Tensile strength, tensile modulus and flexural strength of the composites achieved their maximal values of 15.79 MPa, 6702.26 MPa and 39.57 MPa, respectively, with 180 °C hydrothermal treatment. The highest values of elongation at break and flexural deformation were 3.75 ± 0.20% with 200 °C hydrothermal modification and 36.22 ± 2.70% with 140 °C hydrothermal modification, respectively. Due to more decomposition of hemicellulose, the composites expressed lower water absorption and higher thermal stability when the hydrothermal treating temperature exceed 160 °C.     

Effects of chitosan as biopolymer coupling agent on the thermal and rheological properties of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites

Chitosan (CS) was opted as a novel biopolymer coupling agent for wood flour polyvinyl chloride composites (WF/PVC) to improve interfacial adhesion. This study mainly aimed at investigating the effects after adding CS of different addition amounts and particle sizes on the thermal and rheological properties of WF/PVC composites by the analyses of vicat softening temperature test (VST), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA) and torque rheometry. The results indicated that an optimum addition amount (30 phr) with the particle size (180–220 mesh) could elevate heat resistance capacity, glass transition temperature of composites as well as thermal stability at the early stage of degradation more effectively. In the aspect of rheological characteristics, longer fusion time, lower fusion torque and higher fusion temperature were showed as the CS addition amount increased and the particle size declined. In order to obtain sufficient compaction and ensure proper blending to compounds during extrusion, the higher pressure needed to be supplied when the addition amount of CS exceeded 20 phr.     

TiO2增强桉木/聚氯乙烯复合材料耐腐蚀性能

为改善桉木/聚氯乙烯（PVC）复合材料耐霉菌（黑曲霉）腐蚀性能,添加TiO₂制备TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料,并对复合材料进行霉菌加速腐蚀试验（加速腐蚀条件:温度为28℃,湿度为85%）。对比研究了腐蚀前后TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料的色差、力学和吸水性能及官能团、微观形貌和热稳定性变化。结果表明:TiO₂可提高桉木/PVC复合材料的耐霉菌腐蚀性能,TiO₂添加量为2wt%时,TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料腐蚀后表观霉菌相对较少,色差值和吸水率较未添加TiO₂的桉木/PVC复合材料分别降低了69.32%和13.33%;拉伸、冲击及弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别提高了31.17%、39.44%、40.75%、10.99%;2wt% TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料热分解各阶段失重温度较高,热稳定性较好;TiO₂添加量较高时会影响桉木纤维与PVC的界面结合,致使TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料更易受到霉菌的腐蚀。      

Chemical,morphological, and mechanical analysis of rice husk/post-consumer polyethylene composites

Composites were obtained from post-consumer high-density polyethylene (PE) reinforced with different concentrations of rice husk. PE and rice husk were chemically modified to improve their compatibility in composite preparation. Rice husk was mercerized with a NaOH solution and acetylated. The chemically modified fibers were characterized by FTIR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The composites were prepared by extrusion of modified and unmodified materials containing either 5 or 10 wt.% fibers. The morphology of the obtained materials was analyzed by SEM. The chemical modification of the fiber surface was found to improve its adhesion with matrix. Flexural and impact tests demonstrated that PE/rice husk composites present improved mechanical performance comparatively to the pure polymer matrix, on the contrary no benefit is observed in the tensile strength over the pure PE.     

麦秸/聚氯乙烯复合材料新疆户外老化性能

为探讨新疆强紫外线与干热环境对木塑复合材料抗老化性能的影响,添加不同种类抗老剂(UV-531、1010和168),采用挤出成型制备麦秸/聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料,进行90天新疆户外老化。测试和分析麦秸/PVC复合材料老化前后表面官能团和颜色变化、表面形貌和力学性能,计算羰基指数、木质素指数和表面粗糙度。结果表明:老化后表面麦秸纤维与PVC发生分解,出现褪色现象,粗糙度升高,力学性能下降。抗老剂均能提高麦秸/PVC复合材料的抗老化性能。其中,添加抗老剂UV-531的麦秸/PVC复合材料效果最优,与对照组相比,其羰基指数提高了19.27%,木质素指数降低了4.44%,色差ΔE降低了11.12%,表面粗糙度S_a降低了33.38%,弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别提高了5.87%和6.44%,表面更平整,麦秸裸露少。该研究结果可为提高木塑复合材料抗老化效力提供试验数据和理论参考,有利于延长木塑复合材料在新疆干热环境下的使用寿命。