涤纶单丝的张力热定型工艺研究

涤纶单丝广泛应用于经编间隔织物,作为承力单元单丝的力学性能很大程度上决定了织物的抗压缩性能。研究了单丝的热定型工艺对其力学性能和微观结构的影响,通过对涤纶单丝进行不同温度和时间的张力热定型处理,测试定型前后单丝的单向拉伸性能和结晶度,分析了热定型时间和温度与单丝初始模量和结晶度的关系。结果表明,随着热定型时间的增加,涤纶单丝的初始模量先增大后减小;热定型温度为180℃时,涤纶间隔单丝的初始模量大于200℃时的初始模量;张力热定型提高了涤纶单丝的结晶度。最佳热定型工艺是180℃,时间20 s。     

三维经编间隔结构汽车坐垫织物的抗压缩疲劳性能

为研究三维经编汽车坐垫的抗压缩疲劳性能,选择芳砜纶作为织物表面层的原料,聚偏氟乙烯作为织物间隔层的原料,通过平纹、六角和菱形网孔3 种表面层组织的不同组合,设计了4 种组织结构方案,并通过对织物厚度的调节,对6 块织物试样进行抗压缩疲劳性能测试,比较分析各织物的抗压缩疲劳曲线及压缩疲劳后的破坏形态,探讨织物抗压缩疲劳性能影响因素。结果表明：表面层组织结构越密实,间隔丝的固着程度越高,织物所能承受的载荷越大,其抗压缩疲劳性能越好;在一定范围内,随着织物厚度的增加,织物的抗压缩疲劳性能增强。     

经编间隔织物基柔性材料压缩性能研究

采用5种不同组织结构经编间隔织物作为增强基体,填充Natural Latex（天然乳胶）制备填充率为30%、50%、70%的柔性复合材料。对天然乳胶红外光谱图进行分析,并对纯织物及采用25%和50%压缩率的复合材料的静态压缩性进行测试。根据试验数据绘制复合材料载荷-压缩应变曲线图和应力-间隔丝排列密度关系图,对比分析不同填充率及不同压缩应变下复合材料的压缩性能。结果表明,经编间隔织物填充天然乳胶后复合材料承受载荷能力明显增加且天然乳胶填充率越高,复合材料越硬挺,抗压能力越强但缓弹性减弱;填充率越大,经编间隔织物间隔丝排列密度对复合材料压缩性能影响越小。经编间隔织物基天然乳胶柔性复合材料优良的压缩性能可应用于鞋垫或护具领域中。     

间隔层结构参数对纬编间隔织物压缩性能的影响

采用4根16.6tex(150D)涤纶低弹丝为表面纱,0.10、0.12mm涤纶单丝为间隔丝,在机号E14的电脑横机上通过改变间隔丝的集圈方式、直径及密度编织了12种不同结构参数的纬编间隔织物;测试了织物的压缩性能,从应力-应变曲线、压缩功和压缩回弹性三方面考察了间隔丝的3个参数对纬编间隔织物压缩性能的影响。结果表明对于表面纱为低弹涤纶丝的间隔织物,在一定范围内间隔丝的集圈隔针距及直径的减小和间隔丝密度的增加可使织物具有更好的抗压能力;压缩功和压缩回弹性基本上随间隔丝集圈隔针距及间隔丝直径的增加而降低;而间隔丝密度的增加大都使织物的压缩功提高及压缩回弹性降低。     

多层防刺材料中间隔织物的缓冲作用

为减轻防刺服的质量,同时增加其穿着舒适性,采用涤纶间隔织物与防刺材料结合的方式制作复合防刺织物。通过对涤纶间隔织物进行压缩测试和对复合织物进行刺割测试,探究间隔织物厚度、间隔丝密度、织物层数对其缓冲性的影响,同时比较了纯防刺材料与不同结构间隔织物防刺材料的防刺效果。研究发现:间隔丝密度越大、织物厚度越小,间隔织物单位厚度的缓冲性越好,当涤纶间隔织物厚度为6.7 mm、间隔丝密度为 9 744根/(0.01 m²)时,缓冲性能最好,为25.1 J/m;使用2层涤纶间隔织物叠加时,间隔织物单位厚度的缓冲性最好,能量吸收为31.9 J/m;当间隔织物置于防刺材料底部时,在刺割受力最大值附近力的方差约为纯防刺材料的50%,此时缓冲效果最好。     

经编间隔织物压缩性能研究

介绍经编间隔织物压缩性能的影响因素,分析织物厚度、间隔纱排列方式、倾斜角度、细度与密度和间隔纱原料对间隔织物压缩性能的影响,并论述经编间隔织物压缩性能的测试方法和压缩过程。研究发现,采用较粗的间隔丝、较小的间隔纱倾角和较小的织物厚度有助于增强经编间隔织物的抗压性能,而间隔丝排列密度的增大会直接导致织物克质量的增加,并且间隔织物的纱线原料也需要根据实际的应用要求去选择。     

经编间隔织物的缓压性能

为探究经编间隔织物的缓压性能与结构参数之间的量化关系,从理论上分析了经编间隔织物压缩过程中人体受力与间隔织物之间的相互作用机制,以及人体所受压强与其结构参数之间的关系,获得间隔丝直径、间隔丝排列密度以及间隔织物的厚度等结构参数与间隔织物缓压性能的规律方程。采用自行设计球形压头对不同结构参数的间隔织物样品进行压缩实验,验证分析间隔织物的缓压性能与这3个主要影响因素之间的关系,并得出了各自的回归方程。研究结果表明,间隔织物压缩过程中人体所受压强与间隔丝直径呈幂函数变化,与织物的厚度和间隔丝的排列密度分别呈反比和正比函数关系。     

医用护理垫用经编间隔织物力学性能研究

选取7种结构参数不同的经编间隔织物,分别测试其耐磨性能、起毛起球性能、压缩性能,并分析经编间隔织物的厚度、克质量、密度、间隔丝性能等基本参数与其上述力学性能的关系。结果表明,厚度为7～10 mm、克质量为700 g/m2左右的间隔织物的耐磨性较好,而且随着间隔织物厚度和克质量的增大,其压缩率增大。该研究可为经编间隔织物用于医用护理垫时的参数设定和应用等提供一定的理论参考。     

纬编间隔织物/聚氨酯基复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用低弹涤纶丝与锦包氨纱线为表面纱,涤纶单丝为间隔纱,在机号E12的电脑横机上编织了5种不同表面结构的纬编间隔织物,热定型之后与聚氨酯泡沫复合得到纬编间隔织物/聚氨酯基复合材料试样。对他们的硬度和弹性进行了测试,并通过计算和剖开其截面观察内部结构比较试样的孔隙率。结果显示:织物表面结构不影响复合材料的弹性,但硬度会随着间隔丝密度的增大而增大;织物表面孔洞越大,复合材料的孔隙率越小。     

经编间隔织物的应用

经编间隔织物是在双针床拉舍尔经编机上生产的一类产品,具有三维立体结构,两个面层之间存在着一个由单丝支撑的大容积空间,厚度最大可达65 mm,可以容纳大量空气.正是由于这种独特的三维立体结构,经编间隔织物具有特殊的压缩性能和微气候调节能力,间隔织物也成为目前研究和开发的一种热门纺织材料.     

A modeling study on the lateral compressive behavior of spacer fabrics

Van Wyk’s equation was considered to study the lateral compressive behavior of spacer fabrics. To prepare the spacer fabrics, different monofilaments were fabricated between two solid spastic sheets, one centimeter apart. Two types of monofilaments and three different forms of arrangement were used. Compressive tests were carried out using a Zwick tensile tester set in compressive mode. The results show that there is a good linear correlation between the compressive force and inverse thickness cubed of spacer fabrics as long as the fibers behave elastically. It can be concluded that the Van Wyk’s equation can be adapted to predict the lateral compressive behavior of spacer fabrics with an acceptable accuracy. The results also revealed that the position and arrangement of the middle monofilament has significant effect on the lateral compressive behavior of the spacer fabrics.     

Application of warp-knitted spacer fabrics in car seats

Polyurethane foam is commonly used as padding in car seats despite some problems concerning comfort and recycling. Compared with polyurethane foam, textile seat padding is easier to recycle; so textile padding is a good candidate to substitute foam padding as regulations on recycling have become more stringent on car manufacturers. With the available textile option, warp-knitted spacer fabrics are likely a good substitute for polyurethane foam as padding in car seats. Warp-knitted spacer fabric structures can be designed to be quite flexible in a variety of thicknesses. Warp-knitted spacer fabrics can be very resilient and may display good breathing properties. The current work presents a study on the application of warp-knitted spacer fabrics as cushion in car seats. The results show that, relatively to polyurethane foam, warp-knitted spacer fabrics demonstrate better recovery to compression, thermal properties and breathability. Furthermore, warp-knitted spacer fabrics retain their original thickness for longer time and can be easily recycled.     

对经编间隔织物产品开发的探讨

文章介绍了经编间隔织物的结构及其性能,探讨经编间隔织物的不同结构的编织方法及结构与性能的关系,并阐述了其在生产生活中的应用。     

经编间隔织物的应用及其发展

介绍经编间隔织物的特性,指出经编间隔织物在座椅包覆、鞋材、箱包和床垫等方面的常规应用及其优势,并根据当前经编间隔织物结构和原材料的发展,详述经编间隔织物在时装面料、成型鞋材、卫浴产品、建筑增强材料、农业无土栽培和包装材料等方面的新应用,得出经编间隔织物的三个未来发展方向——个性产品、功能产品和智能产品。     

Experimental and computational analysis of acoustic characteristics of warp-knitted spacer fabrics

Abstract

As a kind of porous medium, textiles have recently received increased attention for acoustic applications due to their high profitability and low cost and environmental impact. 3D knitted spacer fabrics stand out as a unique class of textile materials. These materials simultaneously are soft, voluminous and highly porous and therefore are expected to be suitable for sound absorbing applications. This article aims to investigate the acoustic performance of 3D warp-knitted spacer fabrics. To this end, acoustic behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics was experimentally measured using the impedance tube method. In order to predict the sound absorption behavior of fabrics, a simple geometrical model was created. Flow resistivity was calculated by numerically solving incompressible laminar Newtonian flow through the 3D pore space of generated structure. The frequency-dependent sound absorption coefficient of the warp-knitted spacer fabric was predicted using the empirical models of Delany and Bazley, Garai and Pompoli and Dunn and Davern. The results showed that the Dunn and Davern model can predict sound absorption characteristics of warp-knitted spacer fabrics in the mid-to high-frequency ranges. At low frequency ranges; however, none of the empirical models can reasonably predict sound absorption behavior of the fabrics.     

衬垫用经编间隔织物的压陷性能

为获得具有良好支撑性和压力分布的衬垫用经编间隔织物,对不同规格的经编间隔织物的压陷性能进行研究。在双针床拉舍尔经编机上,通过改变织物纵密、间隔丝垫纱角度、间隔丝直径以及脱圈板距离,试织了13种经编间隔织物试样。测试了试样的压缩应力与应变曲线,并以25%和65%压陷硬度和支撑因子作为评价织物压陷性能的指标。探讨间隔丝密度、垫纱角度和直径以及织物厚度对经编间隔织物压陷性能的影响。研究结果指出：织物屈服阶段是研究织物压缩性能的重要阶段;通过各种结构参数的合理配置,可以获取具有理想压缩特性的经编间隔织物衬垫材料。     

经编产业用纺织品的生产与开发

文章重点介绍了经编产业用纺织品的生产与开发方法。从分类、特点及性能等方面对经编网眼类、间隔类、取向类产业用纺织品的生产作了详细论述,并且从结构设计、原料、机器参数、上机工艺及后整理等5个方面讨论了经编产业用纺织品的开发思路。还对经编产业用纺织品的发展趋势提出了观点。     

经编提花间隔织物的计算机辅助设计

为实现经编提花间隔织物的快速设计,在分析间隔织物编织原理和贾卡提花原理的基础上,研究这类织物的计算机辅助设计模型。采用数学矩阵的方法,分别建立垫纱数码、穿经设计和贾卡意匠设计等数学模型,用于指导计算机软件进行提花间隔织物的工艺设计。以双针床拉舍尔经编机生产的鞋材用提花间隔织物为例,介绍经编提花间隔织物的CAD设计方法,并结合人体足部特征和运动特点进行鞋面功能分区,用于指导贾卡意匠图的设计,达到经编提花间隔织物功能性与装饰性的统一,实现织物的快速、高效设计。     

用作汽车座垫的两种经编间隔织物性能比较

介绍了间隔织物的结构、试验所用原料及复合工艺，比较了海绵座垫与间隔织物座垫的压缩性曲线，说明间隔织物不仅环保而且在压缩性上优于海绵，更适合做汽车座垫。     

Permeability and impact properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics for protective application

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of interlining material on the comfort and dynamic deformation characteristics of body armour. Suitable plies of interlining materials were selected based on the fabric comfort properties and the impact resistance specified for ballistic application. Kevlar woven fabric was used to block the projectile, and the spacer fabric was used as an interlining material to ensure wearing comfort and for imparting impact resistance. The yarn denier of the middle and bottom layers of the spacer fabrics was maintained constant, and three different deniers were used for the face layer. Three different plies of spacer fabrics were analysed by means of thermophysiological comfort properties to select the suitable interlining material for body armour. The experimental results confirm that the number of plies of spacer fabrics has significant influence on the ballistic armour characteristics than the face layer denier as proved by two-way ANOVA. The substantiated spacer fabric was used as an interlining material, and the depth and area of deformation were analysed. The research findings demonstrated that the three-plied warp-knitted polyester spacer fabric produced better results than single- and five-plied spacer fabrics. One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s HSD also confirmed the influence and interaction of different plies of spacer fabrics.