数据清洗对热轧微合金钢性能预报模型的改进

摘要：对热轧0.1C-5Mn中锰钢进行了3种不同的处理制度：在两相区分别进行5min(TG7样)和30min退火(TG8样),随后将一部分TG8样再500℃回火60min(TG8-500样),其余TG8样则拉伸预变形5%(TG8-5%样),然后利用电化学充氢和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3种试样的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,3种试样的奥氏体体积分数均约为12%,然而其氢含量和氢脆敏感性却不同,其中TG8-500样几乎不呈现氢脆敏感性,而TG7和TG8-5%样的氢脆敏感性指数分别为56%和67%。扫描电镜断口分析表明,充氢的TG7和TG8-5%样的拉伸断口呈现穿晶+沿晶的混合断裂机制,而充氢的TG8-500样则呈现韧窝韧性断裂,且存在较多的二次裂纹。3种实验钢氢脆敏感性的这种差异主要与其微观组织特征特别是原奥氏体晶界的逆转变奥氏体有关。     

不同处理状态下0.1C-5Mn中锰钢的氢脆敏感性

摘要：对热轧0.1C-5Mn中锰钢进行了3种不同的处理制度：在两相区分别进行5min(TG7样)和30min退火(TG8样),随后将一部分TG8样再500℃回火60min(TG8-500样),其余TG8样则拉伸预变形5%(TG8-5%样),然后利用电化学充氢和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3种试样的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,3种试样的奥氏体体积分数均约为12%,然而其氢含量和氢脆敏感性却不同,其中TG8-500样几乎不呈现氢脆敏感性,而TG7和TG8-5%样的氢脆敏感性指数分别为56%和67%。扫描电镜断口分析表明,充氢的TG7和TG8-5%样的拉伸断口呈现穿晶+沿晶的混合断裂机制,而充氢的TG8-500样则呈现韧窝韧性断裂,且存在较多的二次裂纹。3种实验钢氢脆敏感性的这种差异主要与其微观组织特征特别是原奥氏体晶界的逆转变奥氏体有关。     

不同处理状态下0.1C-5Mn中锰钢的氢脆敏感性

对热轧0.1C-5Mn中锰钢进行了3种不同的处理制度:在两相区分别进行5 min(TG7样)和30 min退火(TG8样),随后将一部分TG8样再500℃回火60 min(TG8-500样),其余TG8样则拉伸预变形5%(TG8-5%样),然后利用电化学充氢和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3种试样的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,3种试样的奥氏体体积分数均约为12%,然而其氢含量和氢脆敏感性却不同,其中TG8-500样几乎不呈现氢脆敏感性,而TG7和TG8-5%样的氢脆敏感性指数分别为56%和67%。扫描电镜断口分析表明,充氢的TG7和TG8-5%样的拉伸断口呈现穿晶+沿晶的混合断裂机制,而充氢的TG8-500样则呈现韧窝韧性断裂,且存在较多的二次裂纹。3种实验钢氢脆敏感性的这种差异主要与其微观组织特征特别是原奥氏体晶界的逆转变奥氏体有关。     

温轧及逆相变退火对中锰钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用单轴拉伸及TEM、XRD等实验方法分析研究了0.1C-5Mn中锰钢温轧后逆相变退火处理对其组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:实验钢温轧后退火处理可获得等轴状与一定量板条状共存的奥氏体+铁素体的复合组织形貌。随着退火时间延长,逆转变奥氏体的含量增多、尺寸增大,这使得奥氏体的稳定性逐渐降低,抗拉强度逐渐提高,而屈服强度、伸长率及强塑积则逐渐降低;在退火时间为5min时,可获得高达40GPa·%的强塑积。与冷轧退火样相比,温轧退火样具有更为优异的塑性和强塑积,强塑积可提高20%以上。因此,温轧工艺具有简化中锰钢生产工艺流程、并进一步改善其力学性能的良好潜力。     

加热温度对热成形中锰钢氢脆敏感性的影响

对0.1C–5Mn中锰钢在不同温度(850、950和1000℃)加热后进行热成形处理,利用电化学预充氢、慢应变速率拉伸及氢渗透实验等研究了加热温度对其氢脆敏感性的影响.结果表明,试验钢在不同温度加热后进行热成形处理,其组织全部为马氏体,同时因自回火而生成一定量的ε-碳化物,且随着加热温度的升高,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,而试验钢的强度和塑性逐渐降低.当加热温度为850℃时获得了较好的强度与塑性配合,强塑积为22 GPa·%.随着加热温度升高,充氢样中的可扩散氢含量明显降低而非可扩散氢含量有所增加,而以相对缺口抗拉强度损失表征的氢脆敏感性指数及有效氢扩散系数呈现先升高后显著降低的变化趋势,当加热温度为1000℃时,氢脆敏感性最低.进一步断口分析表明,试验钢充氢断口起裂区均为沿着原奥氏晶界的沿晶断裂.试验钢的这种氢脆断裂行为主要与热成形中锰钢的强度水平及自回火析出的ε-碳化物有关.与常用的传统热成形钢22MnB5相比,试验钢的氢脆敏感性较高,这主要与其M_s点(马氏体转变开始温度)较低而使得自回火程度较低等有关.     

超细晶中锰钢温轧强化增塑机理

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机测定了不同温度下中锰钢的变形抗力,并通过分阶段拉伸、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、X射线衍射等实验手段,对温轧中锰钢中逆转变奥氏体的相变行为进行观察和分析。研究发现,热轧马氏体中锰钢经过600℃温轧及退火后,获得较多较稳定的残余奥氏体,从而实现强度859 MPa和延伸率36%的优良力学性能。拉伸变形前期,锯齿状流变应力现象明显,残余奥氏体提供持续的TRIP效应来提高塑性,此过程中尺寸较大的逆转变奥氏体稳定性差,变形时先发生转变;拉伸变形后期,锯齿状波动消失,超细晶铁素体和马氏体发生塑性变形,马氏体强化及铁素体中的位错强化为主要强化方式。      

变形对汽车用铁素体不锈钢微观组织及抗氢性能的影响

铁素体不锈钢(FSS)具有良好的成形性能、低成本和耐腐蚀性能,被广泛应用于汽车制造等行业.本文通过对退火态、轧制20％、轧制40％的AISI430铁素体不锈钢进行4h的电化学充氢,研究了变形对汽车用AISI430铁素体不锈钢组织性能的影响和氢脆断裂机理.轧制态铁素体不锈钢具有较高的氢脆敏感性,氢对材料力学性能影响显著,...     

退火温度对冷轧中锰钢组织性能和断裂行为的影响

 为了系统研究临界区退火和全奥氏体区退火对中锰钢性能的影响,为中锰钢的实际应用提供理论基础,在650~900 ℃范围内系统研究了冷轧中锰钢的显微组织和力学性能,并通过断口形貌观察分析了试验钢的断裂特性。结果表明,试验钢在临界区退火的综合力学性能明显优于全奥氏体区退火。650~750 ℃退火时,抗拉强度在1 000 MPa左右,强塑积超过30 GPa·%,发生韧性断裂,宏观上可以观察到明显的层状裂纹,微观下为大量韧窝;在800~900 ℃退火时,抗拉强度在743~1 154 MPa范围内波动较大,强塑积不足10 GPa·%,断口平整,发生脆性沿晶断裂;退火温度为650 ℃时,组织为片层状和等轴状的奥氏体、铁素体双相及大量渗碳体;随着退火温度的升高,渗碳体逐渐溶解消失,等轴状组织所占体积分数明显增加,奥氏体体积分数也不断增加,在750 ℃时达到52.2%;退火温度为800 ℃时,有马氏体产生,奥氏体体积分数下降;退火温度为900 ℃时,组织基本为马氏体,残留奥氏体体积分数仅为14.6%。     

晶粒尺寸对高锰奥氏体TWIP钢氢脆行为的影响

主要研究了晶粒尺寸对Fe- 17Mn- 1Al- 0.6C TWIP钢的氢脆行为的影响。原始材料经过不同的热处理制度,得到晶粒尺寸为17和45μm的材料。通过慢拉伸试验研究氢质量分数在0～0.001%材料的氢脆敏感性。试验结果表明,充氢后的试验材料比未充氢试验材料易发生氢脆,充氢后的试验材料断裂强度和断裂应变均降低。随着晶粒尺寸的增大,试验材料的氢脆敏感性增强。在氢质量分数为0.001%,晶粒尺寸增加到45μm时,应变损失率为17%,随着晶粒尺寸的增大,氢脆敏感性增加的原因是晶粒尺寸较大的材料孪晶较早出现,孪晶密度较大,同时单位晶界氢质量分数增加。     

7.9Mn-1.4Si-0.07C钢高强韧机理研究

通过热轧、温轧、奥氏体化、两相区退火处理得到7.9Mn-1.4Si-0.07C钢板,该材料的拉伸强度及塑性随奥氏体化温度不同而具有显著差异.奥氏体化温度降低,室温下奥氏体含量升高,综合力学性能提高.当奥氏体化温度由900℃降低为800℃时,所得到钢板的奥氏体体积分数由15%增加到28%,拉伸强度由1 150 MPa提高到1 340 MPa,塑性由21%提高至27%.实验钢优异的力学性能源于其中大量的超细铁素体及奥氏体,细晶强化使其具有超高强度,铁素体基体及变形过程中奥氏体向马氏体相变提供了良好的塑性.基体组织中的位错强化,形变诱导马氏体转变的TRIP效应等是增强该钢板加工硬化能力的主要因素.     

Effect of warm- rolling and intercritical annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium- Mn steel

Effect of warm- rolling and subsequent intercritical annealing time at 650?? on microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium- Mn steel 0. 1C- 5Mn was investigated by using uniaxial tensile testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X- ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that a duplex microstructure having both equiaxed and lamellar morphologies of reverted austenite and ferrite is obtained after intercritical annealing of the warm- rolled steel sheet. The amount of reverted austenite and its size increase with increasing annealing time, which causes a decrease of the mechanical stability of austenite and thus an increase of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) while a decrease of yield strength, total elongation (TEL) and the product of UTS to TEL (UTS??TEL). An excellent combination of strength and ductility of 40GPa??% could be obtained after a short time annealing of 5min. The combination of strength and ductility (UTS??TEL) could be increased by about 20% for the warm- rolled steel sheet compared to that of the cold- rolled steel sheet. It is thus proposed that warm- rolling is a promising way to simplify the traditional multi- stage rolling and annealing processes of medium- Mn steels as well as further enhancing it mechanical properties.     

两相区退火处理含铝中锰钢的组织和力学性能

 为了研究两相区退火处理对冷轧含铝中锰钢(0.2C-0.6Si-5Mn-1.2Al)(质量分数,%)微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,利用SEM、XRD及单轴拉伸等试验方法表征了不同工艺状态后的微观组织及测试了拉伸性能。结果表明,冷轧试验钢在退火过程中组织发生奥氏体逆转变,在退火温度为670 ℃、退火时间为10 min时可获得较佳的力学性能,即抗拉强度达到1 276 MPa,总伸长率达到51.8%,强塑积高达66.1 GPa·%。随着退火温度升高,残余奥氏体组织逐渐粗化且向马氏体组织转变,机械稳定性逐渐降低。残余奥氏体机械稳定性主要受残余奥氏体中碳质量分数及其晶粒尺寸的影响,而残余奥氏体中锰质量分数对其影响较小。     

Effects of Prestrain and Inner Stress on the Susceptibility of Hot Stamped Boron Steel to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Hot stamped boron steel parts with martensite and bainite combined microstructures are widely used in lightweight manufacturing of automotive bodies. The final products usually experience the manufacturing process, such as trimming or punching, which inevitably introduces inner stress and plastic strain. Hot stamped parts with complex microstructures and manufacturing effects exhibit some special characteristics of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in service. In this paper, hardened boron steels with a total martensite content and different martensite-bainite combinations, called martensite or bainite dominant microstructures (MDM/BDM), are experimentally obtained by a flexible quenching tool, and the HE susceptibility considering the effects of prestrain and inner (tensile/compressive) stress is investigated based on slow strain rate tensile tests by developing hydrogen charging equipment under constant loads. SEM and EBSD analyses on hydrogen-inducted cracks (HICs) and thermal desorption analysis of hydrogen for different microstructures and strain/stress states are carried out to illustrate the HE mechanism. The HE susceptibility of the as-quenched specimen decreases with increasing volume fraction of bainite, with the fractograph exhibiting intergranular fracture in the MDM and the dimples feature in the BDM. Prestrain weakens the HE susceptibility in the MDM but raises it in the BDM due to the enhancement of hydrogen adsorption, promoting local plasticity in the evolution of the HICs. Inner stresses increase the HE susceptibility in the MDM, which lifts the hydrogen segregation at the grain boundaries to intensify the hydrogen-enhanced decohesion effect. Tensile stress intensifies the sensitivity to HE in the BDM. The promotion of hydrogen adsorption facilitates crack initiation. However, compressive stress has opposite effects on the HE susceptibility due to the improvement of the material ductility by reducing the hydrogen content in the specimen.

     

Simultaneous Increase of Both Strength and Ductility of Medium Mn Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel by Vanadium Alloying

In general, microalloying such as vanadium (V) is considered to deteriorate the mechanical stability of austenite grains in medium Mn steel due to the consumption of C content. In this paper, we show that the mechanical stability of austenite grains could be optimized by V-alloying. This is because the V-alloying will refine the austenite grain size and tends to stabilize the austenite grains. The competition between the grain refinement and the reduced C content results in proper mechanical stability of austenite grains, providing continuous transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. In addition, the V-alloying suppresses the formation of intergranular cracks, leading to a ductile fracture morphology and a large non-uniform elongation.     

Intercritically annealed and isothermally transformed 0.15 Pct C steels containing 1.2 Pct Si-1.5 Pct Mn and 4 Pct Ni: Part I. transformation,microstructure, and room-temperature mechanical properties

Steels containing 0.15 pct C and 1.2 pct Si-1.5 pct Mn or 4 pct Ni were intercritically annealed and isothermally transformed between 300 °C and 500 °C for 1 to 60 minutes. The specimens were subjected to tensile testing at room temperature, and the microstructures were evaluated by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures consist of dispersed regions of bainite, martensite, and austenite in a matrix of ferrite, and a maximum of 11.6 pct austenite is retained after isothermal holding at 450 °C in the Si-Mn steel. In specimens where austenite transforms to martensite during quenching after isothermal holding, the stress-strain curves show continuous yielding, high ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and relatively low ductility. In specimens where higher volume fractions of austenite transform to bainite during isothermal holding, the stress-strain curves show discontinuous yielding, low UTS, and high ductility.     

Hydrogen Embrittlement of a 1500-MPa Tensile Strength Level Steel with an Ultrafine Elongated Grain Structure

A deformation of a tempered martensitic structure (i.e., tempforming) at 773 K (500 °C) was applied to a 0.6 pct C-2 pct Si-1 pct Cr steel. The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) property of the tempformed (TF) steel was investigated by a slow strain rate test (SSRT) and an accelerated atmospheric corrosion test (AACT). Hydrogen content within the samples after SSRT and AACT was measured by thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS). The tempforming at 773 K (500 °C) using multipass caliber rolling with an accumulative are reduction of 76 pct resulted in the evolution of an ultrafine elongated grain (UFEG) structure with a strong 〈110〉//rolling direction (RD) fiber deformation texture and a dispersion of spheroidized cementite particles. The SSRT of the pre-hydrogen-charged notched specimens and the AACT demonstrated that the TF sample had superior potential for HE resistance to the conventional quenched and tempered (QT) sample at a tensile strength of 1500 MPa. The TDS analysis also indicated that the hydrogen might be mainly trapped by reversible trapping sites such as grain boundaries and dislocations in the TF sample, and the hydrogen trapping states of the TF sample were similar to those of the QT sample. The QT sample exhibited hydrogen-induced intergranular fracture along the boundaries of coarse prior-austenite grains. In contrast, the hydrogen-induced cracking occurred in association with the UFEG structure in the TF sample, leading to the higher HE resistance of the TF sample.     

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of alloy X-750

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness behavior of a nickel-base superalloy, Alloy X-750, in the solutionized and aged condition was investigated. Notched bend specimens were tested to determine if the fracture process was stress or strain controlled. The fracture was observed to initiate at a distance between the location of maximum stress and maximum strain, suggesting that fracture required both a critical stress and strain. The effect of hydrogen was further investigated and modeled using fracture toughness testing and fractographic examination. The fracture toughness of the non-charged specimen was 147 MPa√m. Charging with hydrogen decreased the fracture toughness, K _Ic , to 52 MPa√m at a rapid loading rate and further decreased the toughness to 42 MPa√m for a slow loading rate. This is consistent with the rate-limiting step for the embrittlement process being hydrogen diffusion. The fracture morphology for the hydrogen-charged specimens was intergranular ductile dimple, while the fracture morphology of noncharged specimens was a mixture of large transgranular dimples and fine intergranular dimples. The intergranular failure mechanism in Alloy X-750 was a microvoid initiation process at grain boundary carbides followed by void growth and coalescence. One role of hydrogen was to reduce the void initiation strain for the fine intergranular carbides. Hydrogen may have also increased the rate of void growth. The conditions ahead of a crack satisfy the critical stress criterion at a much lower applied stress intensity factor than for the critical fracture strain criterion. A model based on a critical fracture strain criterion is shown to predict the fracture behavior.