Optimal adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy fractional-order backstepping sliding mode control method for some classes of nonlinear systems

In this research, a novel adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy fractional-order backstepping sliding mode control (AIT2FFOBSMC) method is presented for some classes of nonlinear fully-actuated and under-actuated mechanical systems with uncertainty. The AIT2FFOBSMC method exploits the advantages of backstepping and sliding mode methods to improve the performance of closed-loop control systems by lowering the tracking error and increasing robustness. To mitigate chattering and the tracking error, a fractional sliding surface is designed. In addition to the fractional sliding surface, an adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy compensator is used to estimate the uncertainty and perturbation of the nonlinear system in order to further reduce chattering caused by switching term as well as to enhance the perturbation rejection. In order to achieve an optimal performance, the multi-tracker optimization algorithm (MTOA) is used. Finally, a number of simulations and experimental tests are carried out to examine the performance of the AIT2FFOBSMC method.     

Adaptive sliding mode current control with sliding mode disturbance observer for PMSM drives

This paper focuses on the current control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric drives with model uncertainties and external disturbances. To improve the performance of the PMSM current loop in terms of the speed of response, tracking accuracy, and robustness, a hybrid control strategy is proposed by combining the adaptive sliding mode control and sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO). An adaptive law is introduced in the sliding mode current controller to improve the dynamic response speed of the current loop and robustness of the PMSM drive system to the existing parameter variations. The SMDO is used as a compensator to restrain the external disturbances and reduce the sliding mode control gains. Experiments results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can guarantee strong anti-disturbance capability of the PMSM drive system with improved current and speed-tracking performance.     

Adaptive backstepping sliding mode control with fuzzy monitoring strategy for a kind of mechanical system

A novel adaptive backstepping sliding mode control (ABSMC) law with fuzzy monitoring strategy is proposed for the tracking-control of a kind of nonlinear mechanical system. The proposed ABSMC scheme combining the sliding mode control and backstepping technique ensure that the occurrence of the sliding motion in finite-time and the trajectory of tracking-error converge to equilibrium point. To obtain a better perturbation rejection property, an adaptive control law is employed to compensate the lumped perturbation. Furthermore, we introduce fuzzy monitoring strategy to improve adaptive capacity and soften the control signal. The convergence and stability of the proposed control scheme are proved by using Lyaponov′s method. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Nonlinear adaptive control based on fuzzy sliding mode technique and fuzzy-based compensator

It is difficult to efficiently control nonlinear systems in the presence of uncertainty and disturbance (UAD). One of the main reasons derives from the negative impact of the unknown features of UAD as well as the response delay of the control system on the accuracy rate in the real time of the control signal. In order to deal with this, we propose a new controller named CO-FSMC for a class of nonlinear control systems subjected to UAD, which is constituted of a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) and a fuzzy-based compensator (CO). Firstly, the FSMC and CO are designed independently, and then an adaptive fuzzy structure is discovered to combine them. Solutions for avoiding the singular cases of the fuzzy-based function approximation and reducing the calculating cost are proposed. Based on the solutions, fuzzy sliding mode technique, lumped disturbance observer and Lyapunov stability analysis, a closed-loop adaptive control law is formulated. Simulations along with a real application based on a semi-active train-car suspension are performed to fully evaluate the method. The obtained results reflected that vibration of the chassis mass is insensitive to UAD. Compared with the other fuzzy sliding mode control strategies, the CO-FSMC can provide the best control ability to reduce unwanted vibrations.     

Adaptive super-twisting fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control of cable-driven manipulators

This paper proposes a novel adaptive super-twisting fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode (AST–FONTSM) control scheme using time delay estimation (TDE) for the cable-driven manipulators. The designed control scheme utilizes TDE to obtain the estimation of system dynamics, and therefore no system dynamic model information will be required. Afterwards, AST and FONTSM schemes are applied to ensure good control performance in both reaching and sliding mode phases. Due to the adoption of AST scheme, good robustness and high control precision are obtained in the reaching phase, while the boundary information of the lumped uncertainties will be no longer required. Thanks to the utilization of FONTSM error dynamics, fast convergence and accurate tracking and strong robustness can be simultaneously ensured in the sliding mode phase. Corresponding comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiorities of our proposed method over the existing control methods.     

Adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators

This study proposes an adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators. A transformation with respect to tracking error using certain performance functions is used to ensure the transient and steady-state performances of the trajectory tracking control for robotic manipulators. Using the transformed error, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is proposed. A continuous terminal sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to stabilize the system. To compensate for the uncertainty and external disturbance, a novel sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed. Considering the unknown boundary of the derivative of a lumped disturbance, an adaptive law based on the idea of equivalent control is designed. Combining the adaptive law, continuous nonsingular terminal SMC, and sliding mode disturbance observer, the adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance is developed. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于自调整神经元的无人直升机航向控制方法

直升机航向动力学包含输入非线性、时变参数和主－尾旋翼之间的强耦合,传统的比例积分微分(Proportional integral differential, PID)方法很难达到良好的控制性能。基于以上原因,通过把自调整神经元与滑模控制相结合,提出一种能够解决带有输入非线性的航向自适应控制方法。与常规自适应控制相比,用滑模条件代替误差函数作为目标函数,使控制器在保证闭环稳定性的同时,能够进一步使跟踪误差满足期望精度。证明了该方法的稳定 性,针对实际模型直升机试验平台航向动力学模型的仿真结果,以及与传统PID方法的比较都表明了该方法的有效性。     

Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for electric power steering system

The Electric power steering (EPS) system, a typical non-linear system, is easy to be influenced by parameters perturbation and disturbance of the road. Traditional linear control method based on a simplified linear model such as PID control cannot reach good dynamic performance. To reduce the influence of parameters perturbation and disturbance of the road and enhance the robustness of the system, an Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) method is proposed in this paper. First, fuzzy sliding mode control is employed to enhance the dynamic performance of the system. Then, to improve the precision of the controller, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the control rules which are essential to fuzzy control. The experimental results on non-linear EPS model demonstrate that AFSMC is more stable than Sliding mode control (SMC) method and more efficient to the non-linear system than SFPID control method. They can also prove that AFSMC can provide a stable driving in the presence of parameters perturbation and disturbance of the road.     

Model-free adaptive integral terminal sliding mode predictive control for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems

In this paper, a new model-free adaptive digital integral terminal sliding mode predictive control scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with disturbances. The characteristic of the proposed control approach is easy to be implemented because it merely adopts the input and output data model of the system based on compact form dynamic linearization (CFDL) data-driven technique, while the technique of perturbation estimation is applied to estimate the disturbance term of the system. Moreover, by means of combining model predictive control and CFDL digital integral terminal sliding mode control (CFDL-DITSMC), the CFDL digital integral terminal sliding mode predictive control (CFDL-DITSMPC) method is proposed, which can further improve the tracking accuracy and disturbance rejection performance in comparison with the CFDL model-free adaptive control, neural network quasi-sliding mode control and the CFDL-DITSMC scheme. Meanwhile, the stability of the proposed approach is guaranteed by theoretical analysis, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is also illustrated by numerical simulations and the experiment on the two-tank water level control system.     

直接型模糊自适应滑模控制在智能减振结构中的应用

在智能减振结构中,需要控制器有很好的鲁棒性,以保证在结构参数发生变化的情况下仍可以获得理想的控制结果。简单模糊逻辑控制在系统结构参数变化比较大的情况下,其鲁棒性能比较差。引入滑模控制的思想,把基本控制量分为等效控制量和开关控制量,并同时用两个模糊逻辑进行近似逼近,自适应率的设计保证了系统的稳定性,从而建立了直接型模糊自适应滑模控制。通过和简单模糊控制的控制结果比较,验证了直接型模糊自适应滑模控制在智能减振系统中的有效性。     

机器人关节滑模变结构的位置控制

为了使机器人关节有良好的静态特性,并具有一定的抗干扰能力,提出了一种由力矩电机和谐波减速机组成的机器人关节,采用指数趋近律的滑模变结构和模糊自适应滑模控制对机器人关节进行了位置控制,通过对机器人单关节Simulink建模仿真比较,结果表明,模糊自适应滑模控制大大减轻了指数趋近律滑模控制的抖振问题,其稳态精度达到了9×10-5rad;且与PID控制相比较,其响应速度快;在受高斯扰动时,采用模糊自适应滑模控制的关节发生的角度偏差整整比PID控制小10倍。仿真结果表明,滑模控制在机器人关节控制中精度高,响应速度快,具有一定的鲁棒性能。     

Reference slip ratio generation and adaptive sliding mode control for railway rolling stocks

We propose a reference slip ratio generation algorithm that accounts for a large adhesion force to improve the braking performance of railway rolling stocks even if the rail conditions change. Our algorithm is based on fuzzy logic, the efficiency of which was evaluated by comparing the braking distances of rolling stocks using the proposed algorithm and using constant reference slip ratios under various rail conditions. Our proposed slip ratio generation algorithm was used as the basis of an adaptive sliding mode controller for a rolling stocks quarter model. In this design, an adaptive rule was developed using the Lyapunov stability theorem, and the performance of the proposed control system was evaluated by computer simulation.     

车辆四轮转向控制平台研究

针对机-电-液复合结构的四轮转向平台具有非线性、快时变的特点，提出了模糊自适应PID控制策略。将模糊自适应补偿器与PID控制器并联，提高系统的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。使用PID控制器稳定系统的线性标称部分，应用模糊自适应补偿器调节PID参数来补偿系统参数摄动、非线性和外界扰动对系统控制性能的影响。仿真和外加扰动实验结果验证了提出的控制策略对四轮转向平台的控制具有快速性、准确性、稳定性和鲁棒性。     

多关节机器人反馈线性化双模糊滑模控制

为了提高多关节机器人轨迹跟踪控制性能,提出了一种反馈线性化双模糊滑模控制方法。该方法在对机器人非线性动力学模型反馈线性化的基础上,设计了一种双模糊滑模控制器。通过设计一个模糊控制器,根据跟踪误差和误差变化率自适应地调整滑模面的斜率,从而加快响应速度。通过设计另一个模糊控制器,根据滑模面自适应地调整滑模控制的切换控制部分,从而减弱抖振。利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了控制系统的稳定性。针对空间三关节机器人进行了仿真实验,结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于RBF网络滑模的电动助力制动系统液压力控制

针对汽车电动助力制动系统（Electro-booster,EBooster）的液压力控制中液压负载的非线性和不一致性问题,提出一种基于径向基函数（Radial based function,RBF）神经网络的滑模变结构控制方法。设计EBooster系统压力控制架构,建立液压制动系统等效结构简化模型,据此设计基于RBF网络滑模变结构的液压力控制方法,通过设计RBF网络的自适应律来实现系统滑模控制参数的自适应调整,并利用李雅普诺夫函数方法分析算法的稳定性。最后搭建电动助力制动系统的快速原型试验平台来验证算法的有效性。试验结果表明,采用RBF神经网络滑模变结构的控制策略对电动助力制动系统液压力的控制误差在2%以内,具有良好的控制效果。研究成果为EBooster系统的压力控制提出一种具有良好自适应性的算法设计思路。     

Fuzzy logic sliding mode control for command guidance law design

Recently, the combination of sliding mode and fuzzy logic techniques has emerged as a promising methodology for dealing with nonlinear, uncertain, dynamical systems. In this paper, a sliding mode control algorithm combined with a fuzzy control scheme is developed for the trajectory control of a command guidance system. The acceleration command input is mathematically derived. The proposed controller is used to compensate for the influence of unmodeled dynamics and to alleviate chattering. Simulation results show that the proposed controller gives good system performance in the face of system parameters variation and external disturbances. In addition, they show the effectiveness of the proposed missile guidance law against different engagement scenarios where the results demonstrate better performance over the conventional sliding mode control.     

A novel adaptive sliding mode control with application to MEMS gyroscope

This paper presents a new adaptive sliding mode controller for MEMS gyroscope; an adaptive tracking controller with a proportional and integral sliding surface is proposed. The adaptive sliding mode control algorithm can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients in real time. A proportional and integral sliding surface, instead of a conventional sliding surface is adopted. An adaptive sliding mode controller that incorporates both matched and unmatched uncertainties and disturbances is derived and the stability of the closed-loop system is established. The numerical simulation is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as the consistent estimation of gyroscope parameters including angular velocity and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances.     

Indirect predictive type-2 fuzzy neural network controller for a class of nonlinear input - delay systems

In this paper a new indirect type-2 fuzzy neural network predictive (T2FNNP) controller has been proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with input-delay in presence of unknown disturbance and uncertainties. In this method, the predictor has been utilized to estimate the future state variables of the controlled system to compensate for the time-varying delay. The T2FNN is used to estimate some unknown nonlinear functions to construct the controller. By introducing a new adaptive compensator for the predictor and controller, the effects of the external disturbance, estimation errors of the unknown nonlinear functions, and future sate estimation errors have been eliminated. In the proposed method, using an appropriate Lyapunov function, the stability analysis as well as the adaptation laws is carried out for the T2FNN parameters in a way that all the signals in the closed-loop system remain bounded and the tracking error converges to zero asymptotically. Moreover, compared to the related existence predictive controllers, as the number of T2FNN estimators are reduced, the computation time in the online applications decreases. In the proposed method, T2FNN is used due to its ability to effectively model uncertainties, which may exist in the rules and data measured by the sensors. The proposed T2FNNP controller is applied to a nonlinear inverted pendulum and single link robot manipulator systems with input time-varying delay and compared with a type-1 fuzzy sliding predictive (T1FSP) controller. Simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed T2FNNP controller.     

机器人关节摩擦的自适应模糊补偿建模与控制

采用自适应模糊系统在线逼近摩擦模型并将模型辨识结果作为控制算法的补偿项，在控制方法上，采用了基于自适应模糊补偿的PD算法。在系统证明上，从李雅普诺夫函数中导出了自适应参数并且分析了闭环系统跟踪误差的有界性。在算法实现上，利用Matlab对文中的方法及证明的有效性进行了验证。     

虚拟轴机床并联机构的自适应动态滑模运动控制

虚拟轴机床系统模型复杂难以准确建立,高速加工时存在强烈干扰且不确定,难以实际实现高性能控制,为此,提出一种新型自适应动态滑模控制方法,用于虚拟轴机床并联机构运动控制。通过构建新型动态切换函数,设计二阶动态滑模控制,以解决采用常规等效控制设计的滑模控制系统,因忽略执行机构快变动力学特性等而导致控制系统品质降低甚至不稳定的问题,同时避免滑模抖振的出现;引入自适应控制对虚拟轴机床加工时的外界干扰等不确定因素进行在线估计,以克服滑模控制性能需依赖于对未知干扰的先验估计的局限,增强虚拟轴机床克服高速加工时的强烈干扰的能力,进一步提高其控制性能。仿真和试验结果表明,采用自适应动态滑模控制方法,可使虚拟轴机床控制系统具有较好的自适应能力,较强的鲁棒性,良好的动态、稳态品质。