IT能力对竞争优势的影响机制:以制造柔性为中介

为研究IT能力对企业竞争优势的影响机制,以制造柔性为中介变量,运用结构方程模型对来源于珠三角地区制造企业的381份调查数据进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,IT能力对制造柔性具有显著的正向影响,制造柔性对企业竞争优势也有显著的正向影响。此外,制造柔性在IT能力与竞争优势的关系起着显著的部分中介作用,并且IT能力通过制造柔性对竞争优势的影响效应占总效应的44.3%。     

Configuring Capabilities for Integrated Solutions: Evidence from the IT Sector

This paper investigates the way that firms' environmental context and organizational structure influence their strategic choices and lead to different capabilities configurations. Drawing on contingency theory and the resource‐based view, we explore integrated solutions—an emerging business model in which firms bundle products and services—in the IT sector, which is a particularly appropriate context due to its novelty, high‐technology characteristics and implications for capabilities development. This study contributes to research and practice by identifying how organizational and environmental/market factors co‐evolve with firms' strategy and how firms' distinct strategic decisions lead to differences in capabilities configurations.     

Agglomeration Economies,Firms' Spatial Organization and Innovation Performance: Some Evidence from the French Industry

There is a consensus in economic geography concerning the positive influence of agglomeration economies on innovation. Usually this is captured through the type of area in which a firm's head office (HO) of the firm is located. But the location of the firm's other units could also have an impact on innovation. This article proposes to construct different spatial profiles of firms, based on the location of their HOs and other units in three distinct types of areas, defined according to their degree of agglomeration. The influence of these firms' spatial profiles on their propensity to innovate and innovation intensity is estimated, controlling for other determinants related to structural characteristics, the firms' relations with outsiders and with their competitive environment. This study uses a sample representative of the French manufacturing firms for the year 2006. The econometric results show various effects of multi-location on firms' innovation and highlight the importance of the units in the overall technological dynamic of firms.     

The Relationship between Innovation and Market Share: Evidence from the Global LCD Industry

We investigate the impact of technological capability on firm market share using technology investment data in the global thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal-display panel industry from 1999 to 2007. The Arellano–Bond estimation of the dynamic panel model indicates that prior technological capability is positively correlated with current market share. The magnitude of this effect appears economically substantial: an improvement of technological capability by one standard deviation implied a permanent increase of 2.6 percent-point in quarterly market share, a return tantamount to $470 million in 2007 sales. The Granger test reveals that technological capability helps to predict future market share, but that the inverse is not true.     

供应商整合与企业绩效:IT能力的调节作用

根据在中国制造企业调研获取的176份有效问卷,用探测性因子分析和验证性因子分析探析并验证了供应商整合包括战略层的供应商关注以及运营层的供应商参与和供应商交流。基于此,构建了供应商整合与企业绩效(运作绩效和财务绩效)的关系模型,同时检验了IT能力对供应商运营层整合与企业绩效间作用关系的调节效应。层次回归分析的结果表明:供应商关注和供应商交流显著提升运作绩效,而仅供应商关注正向改善财务绩效;IT能力显著调节供应商运营层整合和财务绩效之间的关系,但对其与运作绩效之间关系的调节效应不显著。     

R&D,Value Chain Location and Firm Performance in the Global Electronics Industry

In today's global electronics industry, innovation is carried out by various value chain participants, including brand-name manufacturers (sometimes called lead firms), contract manufacturers and component suppliers, but there is little understanding of who benefits most from innovation in such networks. This research examines empirically the relationship of R&D spending and location in the value chain (lead vs. non-lead firms) to firm performance in the global electronics industry by using the Electronic Business 300 data set for 2000–2005. Our results show that firms spending more on R&D have higher gross profits, but do not have higher return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). There is a strong positive relationship between lead firms and performance as measured by gross profit, ROE and ROA, but the relationship between lead firms and gross profit becomes insignificant when the interaction term of R&D and lead firm is included in the analysis. Finally, lead firm status has a positive interaction effect on the relationship between R&D and gross profit. These findings suggest that the relationship of R&D to performance is mixed, but that lead firms can capture higher value (gross profit) from R&D than contract manufacturers and component suppliers.     

我国工业工程在制造业中的应用及发展

论述了中国工业工程(CIE)的产生与发展,分析了工业工程在中国制造业的应用现状,提出了在我国制造业实施工业工程的策略及未来的发展趋势.     

Exploring the relationship between types of family involvement and collaborative innovation in design-intensive firms: insights from two leading players in the furniture industry

ABSTRACT

Innovation in family firms has attracted considerable interest from scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, further theoretical and empirical research is needed to illuminate the intricate relationship between family involvement and innovation. This article studies the effect of different types of family involvement on the management of collaborative innovation. Based on empirical evidence from two leading Italian design-intensive firms in the furniture industry (B&B Italia and Cassina), this study illuminates how family involvement in control and management influences the way design-intensive firms collaborate with external designers to innovate their products. We use two indicators, design renewal and design identity, to capture differences in collaboration approaches through which design-intensive family firms involve external designers. Thus, our findings contribute to understanding how collaborative innovation is managed in family firms. This article also provides family firm owners and managers with insights on the forces that influence the collaborative innovation processes in design-intensive firms.     

Firm Partial Modularity and Performance in the Electronic Manufacturing Services Industry

Firms continue to develop new ways to decentralize non-core activities to outside parties. Scholars have approached this issue with modularity theory, suggesting a continuum of arrangements ranging from hierarchy to market. Hierarchy relies on fiat, while partially modular forms, those forms between hierarchy and market, require greater coordination, communication and relationships between firms than do fully modular (or market) forms. While modularity theory identifies this continuum, the associated empirical literature tends to dichotomize modularity: firms are either modular or they are not. Nor does the empirical literature examine the performance outcomes of modular arrangements within this continuum. By examining firms that vary between full integration and partial modularity with a continuous modularity measure, this paper empirically examines the performance outcomes associated with a range of modularity levels. We derive this measure from a peculiar inventory option available within the electronic manufacturing services (EMS) industry. Our data include observations on 260 firms over five years. We find that more firms rely on partially modular arrangements, the lower their performance. We suggest explanations for this result, and areas of future research meant to pursue it.     

Sound Affects: Competing with Quality in the Swedish hi-fi Industry

Traditionally, literature on competitiveness has focused on innovation in networks and/or embedded in local/regional milieus. This paper examines the concept of quality and quality processes as an additional way of understanding the competitiveness of small and highly niched industries. In the theoretical framework, applied on the Swedish hi-fi industry, quality is identified as a promise and divided into three dimensions labelled “performance”, “projection” and “protection”. The quality framework provides a useful tool for analysing measurable and non-measurable aspects of quality sound and sound reproduction. Also, it is argued that competitiveness is stimulated when a product is associated with one of the quality dimensions and when a strong quality perception is inherent throughout the production network. Moreover, we find that quality processes are spatially embedded and that location facilitates both place-based branding and localised learning.     

Making IT fit: the design of integrated manufacturing systems

One of the important implications of information technology (IT) is that it has made possible widespread automation in manufacturing industry. However, the bulk of this has involved discrete automation of single plant items or process elements rather than the total production system. Although the capital cost of such total system automation is a significant factor in slowing the rate of change in this direction, there are also a number of problem issues related to the integration of machines, computers and human systems within manufacture and design. Arguably the types of issue involved are not fully understood and in many cases the technological change is demanding totally new approaches and responses to the design of production systems and the traditional manufacture/design connections.The paper explores some of the issues raised in advanced manufacturing systems, drawing on case study research into the adoption of flexible manufacturing systems as an example of computer-integrated manufacture. It comments on the experience of case study firms and presents some comments on the design problems facing those responsible for integrated manufacturing systems.     

区域物流产业竞争力指标体系及其应用

基于物流产业的涵义和特点提出了产业竞争力的概念,根据物流产业的现状,提出了物流产业竞争力评价的多层指标体系,列举了主要的评价方法和具体步骤;针对具体的实例,从定性和定量两个角度,运用组合评价法确定了相关指标的权重,借助多层模糊评价法对一级指标进行了评价分析,有助于区域物流产业核心竞争力的确定.     

物流行业企业规模与创新对Tobin's Q的影响

选取了45家沪深两市上市的物流公司1993年到2009年年报数据作为样本,考查了企业规模和创新对Tobin'sQ的影响,并把年度作为控制变量,试图呈现在控制其他影响公司价值因素的前提下,验证不同规模的物流公司其R8LD投资对公司价值的影响效果.笔者采用的实证方法则是用Lindenberg&Ross(1981)首先提出的...     

Patterns of Innovation Capabilities in KIBS Firms: Evidence from the 2003 Statistics Canada Innovation Survey on Services

The aim of this paper is to shed light on complementarities and substitutions between various types of innovation capabilities in knowledge-intensive-based service (KIBS) firms. The data used in this study are the responses of 2,625 innovative firms to the 2003 Statistics Canada Innovation Survey on services. The empirical results suggest the presence of three patterns of complementary innovation capabilities, one pattern of substitute activities and finally, four patterns of innovation capabilities that are independent from each other. Hence, the results suggest the presence of complementarities: first, between internal R&D, external R&D, acquisition of equipment and machinery, and marketing activities; second, between external R&D, acquisition of equipment and machinery, acquisition of external knowledge and marketing activities; third, between acquisition of equipment and machinery, acquisition of external knowledge and marketing activities. Such complementarities lead to the conclusion that, in practice, managers of KIBS firms consider the consolidation of these capabilities jointly instead of separately. The paper also discusses issues related to patterns of capabilities that are substitutes and independent from each other. The results of this study also show significant heterogeneity in the determinants of the different patterns of innovation capabilities.     

与时俱进 创建信息技术类名牌专业

文章介绍了具有47年历史的广东工业大学电气工程及自动化专业，通过对专业课程体系、教学和实验实践环节等方面与时俱进的、基于信息技术的改进和提高，成功地将其改造并建设成广东省信息技术类名牌专业。     

The Recent Growth Performance of US Firms in the Industrial Design Sector: An Exploratory Study

This paper assesses the competitive factors associated with company growth in the US industrial design sector. This small but technologically advanced sector delivers critical innovation inputs to firms that produce durable goods. Evidence from a survey of 85 US design companies suggests that competitive success hinges upon service diversity. Specifically, the most commercially buoyant companies have diversified their service offerings beyond product or component design. These firms have developed strategic competencies in fields such as contract research, prototype development, product testing, technological forecasting, market analysis and even advertising. Although most US design companies are small-to-medium-sized enterprises, successful firms do not differ from their less successful counterparts in terms of employment size, occupational structure, regional location or market focus (client sectors). Instead, the key differences lie in service diversity and the quality of human capital. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the empirical findings for future research on the dynamics of the design industry.     

基于互动的服务业发展与制造业竞争力关系--以浙江先进制造业基地建设为例

随着制造业结构形式的不断变革,服务作为中间投入要素已越来越多地融入制造业;制造业企业活动的外置又带动了服务业的发展,服务业与制造业进入了一个高度相关、双向互动的阶段。以浙江省为例,论述了先进制造业基地的建设必须与相关服务支撑产业协同发展,形成整体合力,从而保持竞争优势。     

The Link between the Entry Decision and Post-entry Performance: Evidence from Italy

This paper aims to link together entry decision and post-entryperformance. It relies on a database of 100 new Italian firmsto link post-entry performance to the original factors thatshaped the decision to start a new firm. The evidence suggeststhat those motivations underlying the decision to start a newfirm a not have a neutral influence on post-entry performance.Rather, an innovative motivation and certain traditional economicfactors tend to be related to a superior post-entry performance.The same seems also to be true for background push-factors suchas the previous employment position.     

The impact of diversifying and de novo firms on regional innovation performance in an emerging industry: a longitudinal study of the U.S. ethanol industry

There is growing interest among strategy scholars and policy makers regarding the influence of diversifying and de novo firms on regional innovation activities in emerging industries. This paper examines how the population, entry, and exit of diversifying and de novo firms in regions influence regional innovation output in an emerging industry. Using longitudinal data from the U.S. ethanol industry, we find that the local population and exit of diversifying and de novo firms have differing impacts on regional innovation output. Our findings contribute to the literature on firm heterogeneity, agglomeration, and regional innovation systems.     

Ambidexterity in Service Organizations: Reference Models from the Banking Industry

This paper reviews the literature on ambidexterity in service organizations with a specific focus on the banking industry. We identify three key, cross-unit bank processes: governance (bank headquarters), sales (branch processes) and operations (ICT and facilities to support local (branch) and inter-unit (headquarters-to-branch) tasks). We suggest a framework that incorporates three main “reference models”, from an organizational design perspective. Model 1 (exploitative model) applies when the bank's headquarters work to formalize branch sales processes supported by operations processes. Model 2 (exploratory model) applies when the bank's headquarters allows flexibility in branch sales processes and uses operations processes to decentralize tasks. Model 3 (ambidextrous model) applies when a branch incorporates the characteristics of Models 1 and 2 simultaneously. We ground our claims using fieldwork conducted in 2004–2005 that involved a number of major Italian banks. We show that while large organizations, such as banks, base their ambidextrous innovation on organizational design, contextual elements such as trust and commitment, and management styles and leadership play a role in dealing with efficiency-oriented vs. flexibility-oriented tasks within the same bank branch.