腹腔输/排液外联接导管性能的评价与表征

以合适的材料和加工工艺条件制备了一套物理、化学性能符合临床要求的腹腔输/排液外联接导管.对制备的各配件组装成的外联接管路进行了物理、化学性能评价和表征,结果表明,所制备的外联接管路的物理、化争性能符合临床应用要求,且从材料化学角度,具有减少管路系统发生细菌感染可能性的功能,适合于在临床上推广应用.     

基于天然纳米管功能修饰的新材料制备

埃洛石Al2Si2O5(OH)4.nH2O是一种天然的纳米管材料,基于其中空结构、高长径比、低羟基密度等特性,通过物理、化学手段进行修饰可以获得性能优异的新型功能材料,已成为材料、化学、物理、电子等多学科交叉研究的前沿领域。在介绍埃洛石纳米管结构特性的基础上,系统总结了天然纳米管通过功能修饰制备新材料的国内外最新研究进展,包括生态环境材料、催化材料、仿生材料、有机/无机杂化材料、生物医药材料和储能材料。阐述了其制备技术、表征手段、结构形貌和功能特性等,展示了这些新型功能材料的广阔应用前景。     

六方氮化硼的制备应用及研究进展

六方氮化硼(h-BN)材料在物理、化学等方面具有优异的性能,其特有的形貌、结构导致其在导热填充材料、载体材料、吸附材料等领域有着极大的研究价值,在高科技领域中某些极限条件下更是必不可少的功能性材料,因此六方氮化硼材料的制备和性能是目前研究的热点。综述了六方氮化硼的基本性能,介绍了一些如何来制备六方氮化硼粉体的方法,并分析了制备过程中存在的问题,对其今后的应用发展进行了研究。     

聚丙烯基强碱性阴离子交换纤维的结构表征及性能研究

采用共辐射引发接枝共聚法在聚丙烯纤维上接枝苯乙烯-二乙烯苯,通过氯甲基化反应和胺化反应制备强碱性阴离子交换纤维.利用分析仪器对制备产品的结构进行表征,并对其溶胀性、机械强度、吸附交换性能等物理和化学性能进行了测定.结果表明,制备的强碱性阴离子交换纤维具有较高的交换容量、快的吸附速度、较好的机械性能和稳定的化学性能,是一种性能优良的离子交换材料.     

浅析纳米氧化锌的制备及应用现状

纳米氧化锌是一种新型多功能无机材料,具有热稳定性和化学稳定性等特性。本文简述了纳米氧化锌的结构与性能,综述了其制备方法:物理法、化学法和综合法,简述了氧化锌的表面改性,对纳米氧化锌的制备与应用研究进行展望。     

石墨烯基材料在超级电容器中的应用研究进展

石墨烯作为一种新型的碳材料,具有优异的物理、化学及力学性能,如导热导电性能良好、比表面积大及机械强度高,这些特性使其成为应用在电化学领域中的理想材料.总结了超级电容器用石墨烯材料的主流制备方法,综述了最近几年石墨烯及其复合材料在超级电容器中的应用研究进展,并展望了其未来的应用前景.     

聚焦石墨烯宏观体的制备技术和应用前景:一维、二维、三维组装结构

独特的二维结构和优异的理化性能使得石墨烯迅速成为物理、化学以及材料等领域的研究热点。近年来,由二维结构的石墨烯组装形成的石墨烯宏观体材料,因具有本征石墨烯固有的理化性能又具有较大实际比表面积、连通的纳米通道以及良好的力学性能,使其在光学器件、电子器件以及环境治理等领域备受关注。结合当前研究热点,主要概述了石墨烯宏观体的制备及其在超级电容器、光电器件以及环境修复与治理等领域中的应用,简要地评述了石墨烯宏观体材料在制备及应用中面临的挑战,初步指出了未来石墨烯宏观体的发展趋势。     

聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能研究进展

聚碳酸酯(PC)是一种综合性能优异的通用工程塑料,具有较好的抗冲击性能、电气绝缘性能、透光性能、耐蠕变性和耐老化性等优点,目前已大量应用于汽车工业、航空航天、建筑建材、医疗卫生和家用电器等领域.然而,由于分子网络疏松且含有大量酯基,聚碳酸酯存在耐溶剂性差的缺点,特别是在有机溶剂和碱性溶液环境中,很容易发生溶胀和应力开裂,从而导致制品报废,阻碍了聚碳酸酯进一步快速发展.目前,针对聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能较差的问题,学术界和工业界开展了广泛的研究.高分子材料的结构决定其性能,其耐溶剂性与材料内部结构密切相关,因此聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能的提升可从材料结构着手,通过化学或物理共混改性得以实现.另外,从实际产品应用角度来讲,通过制品的表面处理或者涂渡层的应用,能够避免制品内部材料与敏感溶剂直接接触,从而降低聚碳酸酯溶剂应力开裂的风险.虽然目前相关研究卓有成效,但是对化学或者物理改性法的作用机理还缺乏系统性研究,表面处理法的成本、时效和材料后续加工仍存在一定的问题,聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能的潜力还有望进一步挖掘.鉴于国内外很少有文章针对聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能进行归纳综述,本文简介了聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能的基本情况,并介绍了聚合物溶剂应力开裂的测试方法,接着从化学改性、物理共混和表面处理三个角度综述了提高聚碳酸酯及其制品耐溶剂性能的途径,最后结合国内外研究现状进行了总结与展望,指出物理共混法是目前制备耐溶剂聚碳酸酯最为可行有效的方法,未来还应进一步开展温度和紫外等外界环境因素与溶剂的协同老化研究.     

氮氧化硅薄膜的研究进展

氮氧化硅薄膜材料具有优异的热力学、介电及光学性能,在微电子、光学器件等方面有着重要应用.其主要制备方法包括化学气相沉积、溅射、直接氮化/氧化及离子植入.综述了该类材料的制备方法和应用研究进展,并指出了制备方法和应用研究的发展方向.     

石墨烯的制备与应用研究进展

石墨烯是由单层碳原子构成的新型二维晶体材料.在过去的几年里,这种独特的单原子层结构展现了许多奇特的物理化学性质,并且已经在微电子、量子物理、材料和化学等领域表现出优异的性能和广泛的应用前景,使碳材料继碳纳米管后再次成为国内外的研究热点.本文简要概述了石墨烯的性质、制备方法以及潜在应用,并对它的未来发展做了展望.     

炭素泡沫材料的制备和应用

炭素泡沫材料由于可以制成各向同性的高热传导性材料,加之质轻、耐高温、高强度、抗氧化等性能,已成为炭素材料研究新热点.本文介绍了炭素泡沫材料的制备方法、结构特征,阐述了炭素泡沫材料在航空航天、化工、电子等领域的应用前景,探讨了炭素泡沫材料制备和应用的研究重点.     

Defects in Graphene:Generation,Healing,and Their Effects on the Properties of Graphene:A Review

Graphene has attracted immense investigation since its discovery.Lattice imperfections are introduced into graphene unavoidably during graphene growth or processing.These structural defects are known to significantly affect electronic and chemical properties of graphene.A comprehensive understanding of graphene defect is thus of critical importance.Here we review the major progresses made in defectrelated engineering of graphene.Firstly,we give a brief introduction on the types of defects in graphene.Secondly,the generation and healing of the graphene defects are summarized.Then,the effects of defects on the chemical,electronic,magnetic,and mechanical properties of graphene are discussed.Finally,we address the associated challenges and prospects on the future study of defects in graphene and other nanocarbon materials.     

活性炭纤维研究与应用进展

活性炭纤维（ACF）是由有机纤维先驱体制得的一种理想的高效吸附材料。ACF以其特殊的表面化学结构和物理吸附特性广泛应用于环境保护、电子工业、化工、医疗卫生、低成本SiC纤维制备等领域。本文就ACF的结构与吸附特性、制备与应用等做了较系统的综述，并对其发展趋势做出了展望。     

Tuning Surface Properties of Low Dimensional Materials via Strain Engineering

The promising and versatile applications of low dimensional materials are largely due to their surface properties, which along with their underlying electronic structures have been well studied. However, these materials may not be directly useful for applications requiring properties other than their natal ones. In recent years, strain has been shown to be an additionally useful handle to tune the physical and chemical properties of materials by changing their geometric and electronic structures. The strategies for producing strain are summarized. Then, the electronic structure of quasi‐two dimensional layered non‐metallic materials (e.g., graphene, MX2, BP, Ge nanosheets) under strain are discussed. Later, the strain effects on catalytic properties of metal‐catalyst loaded with strain are focused on. Both experimental and computational perspectives for dealing with strained systems are covered. Finally, an outlook on engineering surface properties utilizing strain is provided.     

Anisotropic nanocrystal heterostructures: Synthesis and lattice strain

Emerging multi-component hybrid nanocrystalline materials are prompting new approaches to engineering materials’ properties with nanoscale precision and providing complex systems with multiple functionalities. In particular, chemical synthesis of nanocrystal heterostructures where two or more distinct phases are brought together epitaxially in an anisotropic manner is providing novel materials with unique combinations of optical, electronic, magnetic, and chemical properties. However, in order to develop high quality materials with property combinations that can be precisely tailored, a better understanding of growth/formation mechanism(s) that will allow versatile and scalable synthetic approaches to be developed is necessary. Here, we review recent advances in anisotropic nanocrystal heterostructures with a special focus on how lattice strain arising from the heterointerfaces affects materials synthesis.     

Platinum as an electrocatalyst: effect of morphological aspects of Pt/Pt-based materials

Platinum and platinum-based materials with high catalytic performance, and chemical and mechanical stability are vital to electronic devices, biomedical science, optics, petroleum, and automotive industries. Because of the limited supply and high cost of platinum, it is highly desirable to develop new effective methodologies which can decrease the platinum loading by increasing its electrocatalytic properties. Depending upon their size, shape, and morphology, platinum materials have shown significant improvement in the surface catalysed chemical transformation pathways in fuel cell technology. Much research is now focused on the manufacturing and engineering of platinum and platinum-based materials which proffer enhanced catalytic efficiency, and offer chemical and mechanical robustness.     

The revolutionary creation of new advanced materials—carbon nanotube composites

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes at the beginning of the last decade, extensive research related to the nanotubes in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, and electrical and electronic engineering has been found increasingly. The nanotubes, having an extreme small physical size (diameter ≈1 nm) and many unique mechanical and electrical properties depending on its hexagonal lattice arrangement and chiral vector have been appreciated as ideal fibres for nanocomposite structures. It has been reported that the nanotubes own a remarkable mechanical properties with theoretical Young's modulus and tensile strength as high as 1 TPa and 200 GPa, respectively. Since the nanotubes are highly chemical insert and able to sustain a high strain (10–30%) without breakage, it could be foreseen that nanotube-related structures could be designed for nanoinstrument to create ultra-small electronic circuits and used as strong, light and high toughness fibres for nanocomposite structures. In this paper, recent researches and applications on carbon nanotubes and nanotube composites are reviewed. The interfacial bonding properties, mechanical performance and reliability of nanotube/polymer composites will be discussed.     

The properties and applications of nanodiamonds

Nanodiamonds have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high surface areas and tunable surface structures. They are also non-toxic, which makes them well suited to biomedical applications. Here we review the synthesis, structure, properties, surface chemistry and phase transformations of individual nanodiamonds and clusters of nanodiamonds. In particular we discuss the rational control of the mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanodiamonds through surface doping, interior doping and the introduction of functional groups. These little gems have a wide range of potential applications in tribology, drug delivery, bioimaging and tissue engineering, and also as protein mimics and a filler material for nanocomposites.     

Modulation of structural and electronic properties of fullerene and metallofullerenes by surface chemical modifications

Many applications of fullerene, metallofullerene, and carbon nanotubes request the chemical modifications. But how the modification influences the stability, structural, and electronic properties that directly relate to the practical functions of the carbon nanomaterials, this issue is discussed in this paper. The outer chemical modifications can sensitively influence the stability of final derivatives of fullerenes, depending on parameters such as the number of the modified groups, the unintended impurity groups on the cage surface, and chemical conditions in synthesizing processes. The outer chemical modification can induce alteration in electronic properties of metallofullerene. Gd@C82 is taken as a model to show how the electronic properties of the encaged metal atom are modulated by the cage surface modification. There exist sandwich-type electronic interactions along pathway: [outer modification group]-[cage surface]-[inner atom], and their synergistic effects are discussed. Beside the number of the modified groups, whose distribution patterns on the cage surface also play crucial roles in determining how the electronic interactions are modulated. Their synergistic effects dominate the electronic, optical, or magnetic properties of functionalized fullerenic nanomaterials. As the surface of nanotube is chemically more inert as compared to that of fullerene or metallofullerene, to achieve desirable modulations of nanotubes is probably more difficult. The research aimed to explore the changes in their structural or electronic property after the outer chemical functionalization was few, though this is of special significant and needs investigations because the chemical modifications are widely applying to the carbon nanotubes in applications.     

Structural Modifications in Bilayered Molecular Systems Lead to Predictable Changes in Their Electronic Properties

This study uses a novel surface engineering approach to demonstrate the influence of organic functional group substitutions on molecular electronic properties. Specifically, bilayered organic monomolecular systems immobilized on an inorganic electrode as the charge‐injecting components of organic electronic devices are compared. Recent literature reports demonstrate that structural modification in functional monolayers have unpredictable effects on their electronic properties. These studies indicate that the structure most certainly plays an important role, but its effect on the molecular resistance is diminished due to differences in other monolayer parameters. It is demonstrated that a separate control over the monolayer geometry and its chemical structure is required in order to observe predictable structure‐property relations. Here, bilayered molecular interfaces, comprising inert and functional layers whose properties can be independently controlled, are formed. It is shown that 1) the charge transfer through the bilayered system is sensitive to small structural molecular changes; 2) that it can be controlled and predicted by controlling the electron‐withdrawing or donating nature of the organic moiety; and 3) that the differences in the charge transfer dynamics of two bilayered systems can be visualized via patterned electroluminescence.