共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
直接甲醇燃料电池(direct methanol fuel cells, DMFC)由于其高效、清洁等优点,成为替代化石能源的理想新能源装置。催化剂作为DMFC中重要的组成部分,通过降低反应活化能,解决甲醇需要高过电势才能被电氧化的问题。但是目前DMFC阳极催化剂存在催化活性低、抗CO毒性差以及成本较高等问题,限制了DMFC的商业化。本文介绍了甲醇的催化电氧化原理,从Pt基催化剂、非Pt基催化剂、催化剂载体三个方面对DMFC阳极催化剂国内外研究进展进行了综述。介绍了通过选择合适晶面、添加助催化剂、制备特殊形貌、选择合适的载体4种方法对提高催化剂性能、降低催化剂成本的研究现状。甲醇在Pt(100)晶面上的催化活性较好但是抗CO毒性较弱;根据双功能理论和电子调变理论,制备的Pt-M合金催化剂具有更高的抗CO毒性和甲醇催化活性;非Pt基催化剂的制备为降低催化剂成本提供了研究思路;选择合适的催化剂载体,利用载体与催化剂之间的相互作用,也成为解决DMFC阳极催化剂目前面临的易中毒、活性低、成本高等问题的解决方法。 相似文献
3.
阳极催化剂是影响直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)性能及成本的主要因素之一,从催化剂载体选择、复合催化剂的制备、非贵金属催化剂研究三方面综述了DMFC阳极催化剂国内外研究现状,并进行了简要分析,展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
4.
5.
直接甲醇燃料电池阳极非铂催化剂的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的特点及其阳极催化剂存在的主要问题。综述了DMFC阳极非铂催化剂的研究进展及非铂催化剂对甲醇氧化的催化活性和抗CO等中间物毒化能力等性能,提出了DMFC阳极非铂催化剂存在的问题以及发展趋势。 相似文献
6.
利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阴极模型进行计算,获得压力、速度、水、氧气和液态饱和度分布情况,研究扩散层在不同物理参数(如厚度、孔隙率、孔径大小和亲憎水性)下电池阴极水和氧气的传输情况,进一步建立扩散层孔隙率梯度的数学模型,研究扩散层孔隙率梯度以及支撑层参数对直接甲醇燃料电池性能和物质传输的影响。结果表明,扩散层具有大孔隙率、薄扩散层时均有利于氧气传质,可以使电池性能提高;扩散层孔隙率梯度的存在可以减轻氧气传输阻力,提高电池性能。 相似文献
7.
8.
10.
11.
The activity of in house prepared carbon-supported Pt-Ru catalysts for methanol oxidation and carbon-supported RuSe for the oxygen reduction reaction in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was investigated. The composition of Pt-Ru/C was varied both in terms of weight loading (ratio of total metal content to carbon) as well as the ratio of Pt to Ru. The measurements were carried out in a half cell arrangement in sulphuric acid at various temperatures. The weight loading and ratio of Pt to Ru were varied in order to find out the optimum weight loading of precious metal and the temperature dependence of Pt to Ru ratio on methanol oxidation reaction. It has been found that there exists an optimum in the weight loading at 60 wt.% for carbon-supported Pt-Ru catalyst towards its maximum mass activity. While 1:1 Pt to Ru ratio exhibits a higher activity than 3:2 Pt:Ru above 60 °C, 3:2 ratio exhibits a higher activity at lower temperature. It has been observed that RuSe is inactive towards methanol and it is realised that RuSe is a potential candidate as methanol tolerant oxygen reduction catalyst. The activity of carbon supported RuSe for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was tested in sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol. Even though the mass specific activity of the RuSe catalyst is somewhat lower than that of Pt/C, the surface activity of carbon-supported RuSe is superior than that of carbon supported Pt which indicate the unfavourable size distribution of RuSe/C catalyst. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
William E. Mustain Hyea Kim Tyler Osborn Paul A. Kohl 《Israel journal of chemistry》2008,48(3-4):251-257
Platinum-ruthenium electrodes (PtxRu1-x) have been prepared by electrochemical and electroless deposition and investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of methanol in acidic solutions. PtxRu1-x deposits were electrochemically deposited from acidic chloride electrolytes at potentials between −0.46 and 0.34 V (vs. NHE). The composition of the electrodeposit was estimated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and is a strong function of the electrode potential. An empirical model for the deposition process is presented and kinetic parameters are estimated and discussed. Also, the methanol oxidation activity of the PtxRu1-x catalysts was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in 1.0 M CH3OH, 1.0 M H2SO4 solutions. Electroless PtxRu1-x samples were prepared in a modified Leaman bath with hydrazine dihydrochloride as the reducing agent. The kinetic results for the electrochemical deposition of PtxRu1-x were directly applied and the deposition potential was estimated as approximately 0.40 V. 相似文献
17.
18.