酿酒葡萄新病害——葡萄顶枯病

葡萄顶枯病(Eutypa dieback)是欧洲、澳洲及美洲多见的酿酒葡萄毁灭性病害.通过从不同葡萄园采集病株并进行分离、培养出的菌株经过培养性状观察初步筛选,其后进行分子生物学鉴定.结果表明,经特定引物PCR扩增后,分离出的菌株经形态学鉴定以及分子生物学鉴定为Eutypella vitis.Eutypella vitis为国外已鉴定的葡萄顶枯病的致病病原菌.     

Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by Eutypa lata

Background and Aims:  Eutypa dieback is a major threat to the sustainability and productivity of the viticulture industry worldwide. The fungicide benomyl has been the most effective treatment to protect wounds against infection by ascospores of Eutypa lata and to control eutypa dieback. However, because of the withdrawal of benomyl from the market, there is a need to develop alternatives to protect pruning wounds.
Methods and Results:  Twenty-five compounds were evaluated in laboratory experiments and field trials. A selection of the compounds effective at inhibiting germination and/or mycelial growth in the laboratory were further evaluated in the field. Of the 15 fungicides tested, carbendazim was the most effective in reducing colonisation of pruning wounds by E. lata in the field. Other fungicides, including fluazinam, pyrimethanil and pyraclostrobin, reduced colonisation of wounds by E. lata but require further evaluation at higher concentrations. Physical barriers such as acrylic paint (with or without fungicides) and a commercial tree wound paste formulated with fungicides (Garrison) also protected pruning wounds from infection by E. lata .
Conclusions:  Fungicides and physical barriers have been identified for the control of eutypa dieback in grapevines. The registration of Bavistin (carbendazim) and Garrison is being sought for use on pruning wounds on grapevines in Australia.
Significance of the Study:  Protection of pruning wounds is essential for the management of eutypa dieback in grapevines. Identification of alternative methods for disease control will provide significant economic benefits for the grapegrowing industry.     

Colonisation of grapevine wood by Trichoderma harzianum and Eutypa lata

Background and Aims: Trichoderma species have potential in biocontrol of eutypa dieback; however, little is known about their ability to colonise grapevine wood. The colonisation of vines by Trichoderma harzianum and its effects on colonisation by Eutypa lata were studied. Methods and Results: T. harzianum colonised canes over a total distance (above and below the inoculation point) of 10 cm or more in 12 weeks after inoculation. Application of T. harzianum to canes prior to E. lata, either at the same inoculation point or at a different point, reduced recovery of the pathogen. In the field, T. harzianum grew 3 cm from the inoculation point in 4 months in all seven of the mature vines treated. The fungus persisted for 20 months in four of the seven vines at 6 cm from the inoculation point and reached the crown of one vine. Prior inoculation of mature vines with Trichodowels, containing T. harzianum, reduced recovery of E. lata 14 months after inoculation. Conclusions: T. harzianum colonised wood of Chardonnay, Shiraz and Nyora and reduced colonisation by E. lata. T. harzianum persisted in wood of mature vines of Nyora for up to 20 months. Significance of the Study: The results support the potential of T. harzianum in the biocontrol of eutypa dieback.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.     

Qingshan Paper Intended to Increase Raised Fund RMB 1.3 Billion to Build Dissolving Wood Pulp Production Base

On April 25th, 2014, Guangdong Guanhao High -Tech Co., Ltd. held the trial production ceremony of the specialty paper and coated paper industry base project （first phase） at the base paper production plant of Donghai Island m     

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Published "Directory of Process,Technology and Equipment for Industrial Water Saving Encouraged by the State(First Edition)"(Draft)

On December 25th, 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology published ＂Directory of Process Technology and Equipment for Industrial Water Saving Encouraged by the State （First Edition）＂ （Draft） on its website.     

Two Bag Manufacturers in China Invested by OJI Group Officially Put into Operation

正In September 2013,OJI(Qingdao)Bag Manufacture Co.Ltd.and Wuhan South OJI Packing Co.Ltd.invested by OJI Group in China have put into operation in succession,and the opening ceremony was held on September 4th and 5th respectively.     

Wiedereinbürgerung baumbrütender Wanderfalken(Falco peregrinus) in Mitteleuropa

Zusammenfassung Der Wanderfalke war als Baumbrüter mit über 1000 Brutpaaren über das europäische Tiefland von Deutschland bis Russland verbreitet. In Nord - und Ostdeutschland existierte eine ca. 500 Brutpaare starke reine Baumbrüterpopulation, in der nur ganz wenige Fels- und Gebäudebruten vorkamen und die an den Folgen chemischer Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel in der Nahrungskette nach 1972 vollständig ausstarb wie im gesamten Baumbrütergebiet. Die Gewohnheit auf Bäumen zu nisten beruht beim Wanderfalken offensichtlich auf Prägung und Traditionsbildung. Unter dieser Voraussetzung wurde 1990 ein Wiederansiedlungsprogramm mit Prägung gezüchteter Jungvögel auf Baumbruthabitat während ihrer Auswilderung begonnen, und es wird bis zum Erreichen von 20 Baumbrutansiedlungen im deutschen Baumbrüterareal forgesetzt. Bisher wurden 201 Falken erfolgreich ausgewildert; zusätzliche 29 flogen von 3 Wildparren aus, die seit 1996 in Kiefernalthölzern angesiedelt gefunden wurden. Alle Vögel der seit 1981 neu entstandenen ostdeutschen Wanderfalkenpopulation sind durch Ringkombinationen individuell gekennzeichnet nach ihrer Herkunft aus Baum-, Fels- oder Gebäudebruten sowie aus Auswilderungen oder Wildbruten. Auch Jahrgang und Herkunftsrevier lassen sich fernoptisch bei den angesiedelten Brutpaaren ablesen. Zur Erfolgskontrolle wurde eine Überlebenstafel berechnet (Tabelle), die für das Jahr 2000 insgesamt 22 brutreife Wanderfalken aus der Auswilderung und aus den Wildbruten zusammen erwarten ließ. 9 Falken an den drei bisher gefundenen Baumbrutansiedlungen stammen alle aus dem Projekt, womit die Wirksamkeit der Prägung erwiesen ist. Weitere 11 Individuen aus dem Projekt wurden als Partner von Gebäude-und Felsbruten gefunden. Das entspricht ca. 50 % Rückkehr zur angeborenen Nistweise, aber bisher gab es keinen einzigen Wechsel von Gebäude- oder Felsbrütern zur Baumbrut. Der Austausch zwischen den Bruttypen entspricht also einer Einbahnstraße mit Sperrrichtung zur Baumbrut. Nach diesem neuen Befund kann sich eine Baumbrüterpopulation nur dort entwickeln und behaupten, wo Nistmöglichkeiten an Felsen oder Gebäuden nicht oder sehr spärlich vorhanden sind. Deshalb keine Nisthilfen an Gebäuden im Baumbrüterareal anbringen! Der erreichte Anfangserfolg ist erst dann gesichert, wenn im Baumbrüterareal mehr auf Baumbrut geprägte Wanderfalken ausfliegen als aus Gebäudebruten. Rechtzeitiger Schutz vor Artenschwund sollte in jedem Fall Vorrang vor aufwendiger und nicht immer durchführbarer Wiedereinbürgerung haben.