矿用电动轮汽车运行效率及维修成本数学模型

根据某大型露天铜矿254T 630E矿用电动轮汽车1991-2005年运行、维修成本数据,建立了电动轮使用寿命周期运行效率、维修成本数学模型. 通过数理统计回归分析等,找出运行、维修成本、大修、更新规律,科学预测了电动轮汽车最佳经济寿命为11 a;提出了电动轮汽车停机损失较大,应引起矿山企业的高度重视;确定了电动轮汽车第1次大修周期为3.82 a;根据大修理经济性原则,评判是否要进行第3次大修.      

Design of a dust tower for suppression of airborne particulates for iron making

Proper characterization of a dust suppressant represents a significant challenge. There has been confusion on what makes an effective dust suppressant. Many have argued that a dust suppressant must wet the material effectively and rapidly to control airborne dust. As a result, dust suppression studies have been heavily dependent upon laboratory wetting experiments such as contact angles, fine particle engulfment rates, and particle bed experiments to characterize dust suppressants. It has been believed that an effective dust suppressant should produce a low contact angle, and engulf particles rapidly thereby wetting the surface effectively and reducing airborne dust levels. However, these methods only characterize how the suppressant wets a given material, which does not directly correlate to the ability to suppress dust. Furthermore, a clear correlation between wetting enhancement and dust suppression has not been demonstrated. In order to address this gap, a novel dust tower was constructed which provided direct material dustiness measurements and allowed for a more realistic evaluation of dust suppressant effectiveness. This unit was able to clearly distinguish differences in dustiness that resulted from treatment of iron ore pellets with several different dust suppressant chemicals.     

Development of a dust collector inlet hood for enhanced surface mine drill dust capture

Surface mine drill operators have the highest frequency of overexposure to quartz dust, and drilling is one of the occupations associated with the highest incidence of silicosis. Previous field assessment studies of drilling machines indicate that they can emit some of the highest airborne respirable quartz dust concentrations found at surface mining operations. Typically, the surface mine drills are equipped with dry dust collector systems to capture the dust being flushed with compressed air from the hole during the drilling process. The overall control effectiveness of the dust collector system is initially dependent on capturing the dust cloud at the source via the collector inlet. To assist the initial capture of the dust being flushed from the drill hole, the bottom of the drill deck is typically shrouded or enclosed on all sides to help contain the dust for the collector inlet plenum located on the underside perimeter of the drill deck. Openings, gaps and breaches in the shroud enclosure permit dust to escape dust collector capture.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a collector inlet hood that reconfigures the inlet plenum around the drill steel and above the hole to enhance dust capture. Laboratory development and testing show that this inlet hood improves dust capture by an average of nearly 50% over a wide range of collector flows and shroud leakage areas. This report describes the laboratory and subsequent field testing of this inlet hood concept.     

钙芒硝矿床原位水溶开采的耦合数学模型

对钙芒硝矿床原位水溶开采的过程进行了分析研究,得出了钙芒硝矿床原位水溶开采的过程实质是一个溶解-渗透耦合过程的结论,并在此基础上建立了钙芒硝矿床原位水溶开采的溶解-渗透耦合数学模型。     

Dust dispersion from haul roads in complex terrain: the case of a mineral reclamation site located in Sardinia (Italy)

In recent years, there has been significant research effort to investigate the use of plume dispersion models to assess the environmental impact of fugitive dust emissions from surface mining operations. In particular, the results of these studies have identified challenges to the use of traditional Gaussian plume dispersion models to satisfactorily reproduce fugitive dust dispersion and deposition experienced from low elevation release heights within complex topography. This paper presents a discussion of the results of a preliminary series of modelling studies that have employed the UK-Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS) model to investigate the dust dispersion and deposition from a former mining site currently undergoing remediation. The remediation site is located within a valley in south-western Sardinia that may be considered an aerodynamically complex terrain. A series of field measurement surveys were conducted along the length of an unpaved surface haul truck roadway to measure the PM2.5 and PM10 dust fractions within the emitted plumes. To investigate the potential effects that the surrounding topography may have on the atmospheric dispersion and deposition experienced a series of UK-ADMS dispersion models were solved for a range of meteorological stability conditions typical of the area under investigation. A preliminary analysis of the results of these simulations concludes that there was a strong influence of the surrounding terrain on the dispersion and deposition phenomena predicted.     

模糊数学模型在金属矿山开采沉陷安全评估的应用

金属矿山开采所带来的地面沉陷灾害,对周围人们的生活以及矿区环境有很大的影响和破坏作用,有效地对开采沉陷进行灾害等级预测评估便于选取最优化的防治措施.针对这一问题,本文运用模糊数学理论建立一种新型金属矿山开采沉陷危险性综合评估模型,将金属矿山开采沉陷的影响因子进行综合评估预测,确定金属矿山开采沉陷的危险级别.将模型应用于金属矿山开采沉陷,取得了与实际情况较为吻舍的预测效果.     

A Study of the Synergy of new Technology,Business Tools and Information to Optimize Mine Production Control

New technologies, sources of information, and business paradigms developed and perfected in other industries should enable mine optimization opportunities that were previously unfeasible. Surface mining opportunities include optimization of fragmentation, blending for comminution, and short term production planning. The key to the success of these opportunities is not the use of a single technology, business tool or bit of information, but the synergy from integrating all three. Data manipulation and analysis tools, and management mechanisms provide the ‘glue’ that is needed to gain the synergy from these technologies and information. These opportunities should enable mines to be more profitable and flexible with the ability to concentrate more on setting and achieving their strategic goals.     

The development and application of a wind erosion model for the assessment of fugitive dust emissions from mine tailings dumps

The wind erosion of mine tailings is an air pollution concern that has not been investigated thoroughly. Indeed, there is no accurate method to predict fugitive dust emission strength of tailings dumps. This paper reports on the development of a wind erosion model based on the principles of physics. Unlike most wind erosion models developed for agricultural lands or sand dunes, this model takes into account the fluctuations in wind velocity. The model was designed to predict hourly dust emission rate of flat tailings dumps prone to wind erosion for air quality modelling purposes. The model was evaluated using wind tunnel data and field experiments which confirmed the validity of the model for crushed industrial materials. The model was further validated with field experiments undertaken by the authors at the Mantos Blancos mine in Chile.     

一种新的岩爆分级预报模型及其应用

为了探索岩爆预报 ,根据影响岩爆的一些主要因素 ,应用物元概念和关联函数 ,建立了岩爆分级预报的物元模型 ,针对国内外一些岩石地下工程实例进行分析、计算 ,初步结果说明该模型在岩爆分级预报中有良好的应用前景 .     

基于logistic回归模型的矿业城市土地利用演变规律分析

采矿作为促进我国经济发展的有效驱动力,往往伴随着剧烈的土地利用干扰。为研究矿业城市土地利用演变规律,本文利用土地利用矢量数据,借助ARCGIS软件、MAPGIS软件及SAS软件,分析了武安市土地利用结构变化和13年的土地利用变化趋势。在此基础上,运用logistic回归模型,得到该区土地利用变化规律随距离采矿区域距离变化趋势。结果表明:各类土地利用类型变化率随距离矿产资源分布区域的远近而呈现下降的趋势,但每种土地类型都会有一个特异性区段,呈现出不规则变化的状态;通过logistic回归模型分析,矿区对土地干扰强度最值并不在矿产资源分布区,在1996~2005年矿产资源分布区对土地利用变化的干扰半径小于2005~2009年间矿区的干扰半径。研究结果对于矿业城市土地利用规划具有指导作用。     

一种冲击地压危险性等级多参量辨识模型及应用

为了实现对冲击地压危险性等级快速、高效和准确预测,需要考虑冲击地压危险性多种影响因素,但影响因素间或多或少存在一定的相关性,从而导致参量信息重叠。提出一种主成分分析法(PCA)对冲击地压危险性相关指标数据进行降维处理,提取3个新指标对冲击地压危险性等级进行总体评价。在PCA的基础上,借鉴距离判别分析法(DDA),建立冲击地压危险性等级评价的PCA-DDA模型,将PCA-DDA模型应用于重庆砚石台煤矿冲击地压危险性等级评价。预测结果表明:在6种不同的训练和测试样本数下PCA-DDA模型仍具有良好的预测效果,其误判率分别为5.71%,5.71%,5.71%,5.71%,5.71%和8.57%;同时验证了PCA对冲击地压危险性评价结果。该模型可为矿山开采中冲击地压危险性等级评价提供借鉴,可在实际工程中推广应用。     

下煤层充填开采充实率设计的数值模拟

多煤层开采时,下煤层充填开采效果会直接影响地表移动变形值。充实率越高,地表缓沉效果越明显,但其开采成本也越高。基于此矛盾点,利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,系统地研究了某矿区下煤层不同充实率方案时地表移动变形值的变化规律。实验结果表明：①随着充实率的提高,地表移动变形值是呈负指数函数减小的,直至趋于某值后不再变化;②在充实率为80%时,地表最大下沉值为750 mm、最大倾斜变形值为1.5 mm/m、最大水平移动值为1.4 mm/m,均满足规程要求。不仅能保证地面建（构）筑物的安全,还能达到最优的经济效益。研究成果对于指导下煤层充填开采具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

A computer simulation model to evaluate the effect of dispatching

ABSTRACT

Dispatching systems have attracted considerable attention in the last years due to substantial gains in productivity achieved through their implementation. These systems will be extensively used in the future by mine operators as a means of optimizing productivity.

This paper describes a computer simulation model designed to study the feasibility of continuously dispatching trucks in open-pit mines based on different operating procedures. The system developed is semi-automated and performs an active role by suggesting to the dispatcher the best assignment according to each specific circumstance.

It is modelled based on advance-clock increment to allow the insertion of heuristic dispatching policies and equipment reallocations when breakdowns occur. Dispatching procedures taking into account long-term production objectives are considered in system development.     

固体密实充填采煤覆岩移动弹性地基薄板模型

固体充填采煤覆岩移动规律与传统垮落法开采相比发生了本质的变化,为准确地计算固体充填入采空区后上覆岩层的移动规律,在分析固体密实充填采煤覆岩移动特征的基础上,采用弹性地基薄板理论,建立了固体密实充填采煤充填体-基本顶力学模型,推导出了采场基本顶挠度、应力方程以及基本顶发生破断的临界条件,分析得出弹性地基系数是影响顶板移动变形的关键因素,并结合相关参数给出了基本顶最大下沉量和最大应力值随弹性地基系数的变化规律。平煤十二矿己15-13080充填采煤工作面工程实践结果表明:实测基本顶最大下沉值为347 mm,与理论计算结果相符。     

基于Black-Shcoles模型的一类矿井生产函数的煤炭开采权的期权定价研究

期权方法的应用研究已越来越受到人们的重视,其应用领域也越来越广．但其推广应用中还存在着许多问题,其中一个关键的问题是,在描述实物标的资产价值变化规律时无统一的模型,须根据具体情况建立模型．对此,笔者试图给出描述一类煤发生产函数的通式,以此获得这类煤炭开采权的期权价值,从而为煤炭开采权的定价提供一般意义上的可供参考的模型．     

基于神经网络的坑道近水平定向孔轨迹预测研究

当前近水平定向钻孔轨迹测量位置滞后于钻头位置,无法实时获取滞后区钻孔轨迹实际参数,施工过程中控制轨迹时需要人工预测该部分轨迹并为下一步轨迹调整提供依据。为了降低人为因素影响,提高轨迹预测的准确性,基于BP神经网络建立了用于煤矿井下近水平定向孔轨迹控制的孔底空间参数预测模型。选取随钻测量仪器位置及其之前12 m范围的倾角、方位角等13个钻孔空间和轨迹控制参数,经过变换后作为输入参数,构建了一个具有11个输入参数和2个输出参数的4层BP神经网络预测模型,该模型以不同矿区的6个钻孔502组数据为训练样本,得到了网络预测模型参数,并将12组测试数据的预测结果与24名从业技术人员的经验预测结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：采用logsig激活函数和（9×6）节点的双隐含层BP神经网络模型,对孔底空间参数（倾角、方位角）的预测绝对误差平均值分别达到0.51°和0.68°,且预测误差服从正态分布,预测结果绝对误差平均值较从业5年以上的技术人员低了35%,现场应用效果较好,满足煤矿井下定向钻进轨迹控制的需要,并为定向钻轨迹智能控制提供了理论与实践基础。     

模糊物元模型在采煤沉陷区稳定性综合评判中的应用

建立了采煤沉陷区稳定性模糊物元综合评判模型。利用模糊物元理论,将采煤沉陷区的稳定性视为物元事物,以影响该事物的各项评价指标及其相应的模糊量值构造复合模糊物元,采用层次分析法计算各评价指标的权重,再结合贴近度概念构建评价模型,实现采煤沉陷区的稳定性评价。     

某铁矿深部采矿方法优化研究

为尽可能提高某铁矿深部开采回采效率,对其进行了综合研究分析。根据矿山的赋存、现阶段开采情况及各底部结构的设计参数,结合采场的高度、深孔凿岩的工程量确定在高度小于40m时采用盘区分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法;当高度大于40m时采用盘区大直径深孔阶段空场嗣后充填法。底部结构优化后,拉底高度为3.0~3.5m,采场拉底完成后进行深孔施工,出矿效率明显改善。