The doing and un-doing of public participation during environmental impact assessments in Kenya

Mechanisms that restrict public participation during environmental decision-making in Kenya still exist almost a decade after the inception of the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (EMCA) of 1999. This paper analyses the current situation concerning public participation during environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). It presents the barriers that may impede effective public participation in environmental decision-making in Kenya and draws attention to possible solutions, including the potential of SEA as a bridge to better public participation.     

Evaluation of the environmental policy and impact assessment process in Ethiopia

This paper reviews the Ethiopian Environmental Policy with focus on the institutional set-up and implemented Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. The evaluation of EIA is done against a set of evaluation criteria. Specific legal provision for EIA application is well documented and the Environmental Protection Authority exists as the legal body. A chronological evaluation of the establishment of the environmental policy reveals that this process was more a result of donor requirements than of political will. Inconsistency on institutional level, non-existence of complementarities between institutions, and of environmental and investment policy and proclamations, contradict the enforcement of the EIA law. Furthermore lack of multidisciplinary experts, missing environmental baseline data, and lack of monitoring and post-auditing adversely affect the effectiveness of the EIA law. The paper concludes that, besides other important measures, the Ethiopian EIA law needs to be adapted.     

Comparative analysis of public participation in the EIA process for Thai overseas investment projects: Krabi coal terminal,Hongsa coal power plant,and Dawei special economic zone

While Thai overseas investment projects (TOIPs) have become a key form of development in the region, their environmental impact assessment (EIA) quality has been criticized. This research sought to analyze the differences in EIA practices in terms of public participation (PP) in two TOIPs – the Hongsa coal-fired power plant (Lao PDR) and the Dawei special economic zone (Myanmar) – versus a national-level project, the Krabi coal terminal. For Laos and Myanmar, which did not previously require PP, the Thai consultants did not apply the Thai PP framework, leading to poor public participation index (PPI) scores = 0.02, indicating a negligible PP process. However, the consultant on the Krabi coal terminal claimed to abide by the Thai regulations, yet the PPI scores claimed = 0.81 (substantive rationale), were quite different from those indicated by the affected villagers = 0.39 (instrumental rationale). These villagers’ concerns resulted in conflict between the affected villagers and project owners. Our findings have revealed the true necessity of PP regulation and systems to monitor consultant performance to ensure sustainability of TOIPs in neighboring countries.     

From impact assessment to effective management plans: learning from the Great Brak Estuary in South Africa

In 1990, the environmental impacts of an upstream dam on the Great Brak town and estuary were assessed and a management plan and monitoring programme were devised. In a recent review of the monitoring results, planned water releases and interventions in the form of timely mouth breaching were found to have ensured that, although the estuary's abiotic functioning has altered, its biotic health has not deteriorated over the last ten years. The lessons learned are captured in the revised management plan of 2004, which exhibits a clear shift to explicit communication plans and operational procedures, indicating that the initial environmental impact assessment (EIA) products were rudimentary. We argue that learning-through-doing and active public participation in the Great Brak case are essential ingredients in the adaptive management that is fundamental to successful EIA follow-up.     

信息可视化语境下的地图创意设计探析

目的在信息可视化的语境下,探析如何通过地图创意设计有效地传达信息,并突出其文化和艺术属性。方法在多学科交叉研究的背景下,借鉴信息可视化的设计方法,完成对信息地图的设计创作,同时对信息地图的主题、符号语言、信息的多维整合等方面进行创意解析。结论通过对信息可视条件下的地图设计进行探究,提出了信息地图的创意性设计的具体方法,以及在延展应用方面地图设计的新路径。     

基于公众参与的渐进更新工作坊研究——以杭州市上城区紫阳街道大马弄60号为例

传统城市规划视角及其方法已不太适用于当前城市存量空间的规划问题,如社区改造、居家养老、商业植入等城市有机更新工作已逐渐成为部分地区城市规划工作中的主要部分.以杭州市上城区紫阳街道大马弄60号为例,在生态化设计的视角下,通过社区规划设计模拟工作坊等形式,组织居民与其他利益主体参与到社区渐进更新工作当中,听取并收集市民、企业、街道组织等多方发展诉求,再结合建筑环境现状,以渐进更新为基本导向提出3个更新方案:市场调整方案、养老介入方案和民宿植入方案.研究结果表明:3个方案分别满足了研究对象不同的生产生活诉求,各有自身优势和不足之处.指出了生态化设计思维在当下城市规划工作中的重要性,为城市存量空间的有机更新提供了新的切入视角.     

基于公众参与的社区可持续设计研究与实践——以rPET再生品设计为例

目的 在可持续视域下,进行以公众参与为导向的社区可持续设计策略及设计实践研究。方法 通过对人民意识、社会创新要求和社区可持续发展需求分析,表明公众参与融入社区可持续设计的必要性,并结合文献研究围绕公众参与在社区实践中的参与主体、参与目标、参与阶段和参与方式进行核心特征分析,归纳出参与过程的三个阶段：共同体验、共同设计、共同反思。结果 针对公众参与的三个阶段分别从多元参与、协同创新、价值塑造三个方面提出三个目标路径,总结公众参与理念下的社区可持续设计策略,并以rPET再生品为例在社区进行可持续设计共创活动。结论 融合参与特征的社区可持续设计实践,提升了居民可持续行为的意愿,验证了公众参与在社区可持续设计上的可行性,赋予社区在“人”的可持续建设机制上更多的可能性。     

大型公共建设项目投资决策听证过程的博弈分析

在研究讨价还价博弈理论原理的基础上,分析把该理论应用到大型公共建设项目投资决策听证会中的可行性,通过构建听证会中三方非共谋的讨价还价博弈模型,分析模型中各方的策略特征与收益,并对模型的均衡进行分析求解,最后站在不同参与方的角度给出相应的建议。     

公共文化价值观的拓展——从卡通形象介入公共艺术谈起

传统的公共艺术承载着精英文化价值,延续了古典主义艺术承载的文化价值取向。近年来,随着卡通形象对公共艺术领域的影响,平民化的公共审美价值也开始进入了公共艺术的价值范畴之内。随工商业时代的发展,主流的传统精英文化逐步与流行文化形成互补,古典主义美学价值观和大众美学价值观的碰撞,在丰富了社会文化形态的同时,也满足了不同阶层在精神层面的需求。卡通艺术是中世纪之后从与传统艺术的对抗中产生的,现代以来又以流行文化的面貌出现。卡通形象介入公共艺术,使其审美价值开始转向平民社会,扩展了公共艺术的参与性。本文通过国内外的卡通形象介入公共艺术的案例,分析卡通形象公共艺术文化的受众对象、心理因素、表现形式等,梳理了当代公共文化价值观的扩展问题。     

Great differences in the ways of implementing the new EIA Directive – the offerings of the EIALAW 2018 conference

On the 23 March 2018, the most recent developments of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) law were examined by experts in Helsinki. The main theme of the conference was the comparison of the implementation experiences of various countries concerning the reformed EU EIA Directive. The European EIA debate was reflected against experiences in Canada. This paper examines the key points of the conference presentations and the lessons of the event.     

Provisions for more meaningful public participation still elusive in proposed Canadian EA Bill

This research examined public consultations on the citizen engagement provisions of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act prior to submission of an amending Bill to Parliament. Primary data collection focused on a review of documentation including statutes, regulations, policies, proceedings and reports from workshops, and written public input. The discussion is organized around three key themes: public participation; Aboriginal involvement; and access to information. Eight changes proposed in the Bill have potential to improve citizen engagement, but they do not embody other significant suggestions made during consultations. Other changes leave serious questions unanswered in regard to public engagement, such as the decision of when to proceed with hearings. The Bill is, however, still open to amendment.     

公共数据库在中小型企业CIMS工程中的应用

介绍了中小型企业中实施CIMS工程的实用方法 ,提出PDM和MRPII系统使用公共数据库的技术 ,研究了基于CIMS信息集成的一些关键技术 ,并在济南燕山制版厂实施取得成功 .     

面向数字时代的导航地图信息设计

目的分析影响导航地图信息的因素,结合数字时代导航地图信息的特征,探讨数字时代下导航地图进行信息有效传达的方式。方法以推动导航地图信息发展变化的因素为出发点,面向数字时代,对导航地图信息设计策略进行总结归纳,剖析以地图为载体的信息传达与受众感知之间的关系。结论数字时代的导航地图信息设计应建立层级清晰且目标明确的信息架构、以易读性为中心进行信息视觉化呈现、注重信息动态化表达与多维度展现、利用人工智能进行个性化信息定制,设计出符合用户需求且体验良好的地图产品。