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1.
    
Operation of small-scale biomass power plants might cause some health impacts. This research aimed to assess physical, mental and social health impacts using public perceptions. Data were collected using a questionnaire interview and focus-group discussion. Two rice-husk power plants were selected for study cases. Three hundred and ninety local people were interviewed using a questionnaire and 45 community representatives participated in 6 focus-group discussions. From this survey, the top three health impacts based on public perception were frustration with having to clean their houses often because of dust from the power plant, the power plant increased local air pollution and air pollutants from the power plant irritated the respiratory system. Only half of the respondents believed that the power plant affected the community economically and increased their family income. In conclusion, operation of biomass power plants may cause health impacts to nearby residents. Further study to objectively quantify the impacts is recommended.  相似文献   

2.
    
In this paper, we describe a pilot mental health impact assessment (MHIA) undertaken by the Institute on Social Exclusion (ISE) at the Adler School of Professional Psychology. This pilot involved a multi-method approach that included literature reviews and direct engagement of community stakeholders. It resulted in a policy document that summarized the anticipated effects of a proposed amendment to Chicago's Vacant Buildings Ordinance on the collective mental health of people living in Englewood, a neighbourhood located on the city's southwest side. The Chicago City Council passed the proposed amendment in the summer of 2011.Working to advance health impact assessment (HIA) practice, the project aimed to assist Englewood residents by empowering them to participate in the systematic review of a proposed policy change that would impact their own community's mental health. Additionally, the pilot sought to ensure that any policy decision reflected an evidence-based understanding of its probable effects on the mental health of Englewood residents. Thus, these efforts were designed to narrow several health inequities as suggested by key indicators of community mental health.  相似文献   

3.
The paper explores the qualitative changes occurring in the local social landscape as a result of mining. Building on Colantonio's social sustainability assessment framework, we argue that there are three thematic areas (related to demographics, social capital and well-being) which identify change generally and specifically caused by mining. By studying the social impacts of mining, we examine both ‘hard’ themes around quantifiable indicators and ‘soft’ themes which deal with less tangible community characteristics and values. The analysis of the Western Australian Boddington case study demonstrates that such an approach can generate important insights about a community's nature and potential capabilities to cope and respond to change. We argue that if social impact assessment is to be used as a development tool, which is a tool that facilitates development, there is need to understand those aspects of the social environment that impact positively and/or negatively its demographic, quality and operational attributes as they influence the overall capacity of communities to maintain and enhance their long-term functioning.  相似文献   

4.
    
Health impact assessment (HIA) provides useful information on existing health services, their capabilities and the health status of the local communities, which is otherwise often unavailable. In Nigeria, HIA is usually applied to projects and, by exposing existing health inequities in project communities, provides the necessary tool for development proponents to act to provide or improve health services and to implement health promotion activities. Based on HIA experience in Nigeria, this paper highlights the deficiencies in national legislation with regards to HIA/EIA (environmental impact assessment) integration and a number of learning points are discussed. First, a complete health baseline is critical to the understanding of project impacts; analysis must be broad-based, considering existing health determinants. Second, community stakeholders and proponents may modify the implementation of health mitigation measures and should be seen as collaborators in the assessment process. Third, strong HIA recommendations can influence project design. A greater participation of the health sector in EIA is required to enhance HIA utilization.  相似文献   

5.
    
Following the 2009 signing of the stability agreement between the Mongolian Government and Canadian mining company Turquoise Hill Resources (formerly known as Ivanhoe Mines), researchers from Simon Fraser University secured funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research to conduct applied knowledge translation (KT) research that introduces health impact assessment (HIA) to Mongolia's rapidly emerging resource sector. HIA is a highly regarded informed decision-making tool that helps to identify, assess and mitigate (or promote) potential positive and negative human health impacts of policies, projects and programs. We engaged in a series of knowledge synthesis, KT and dissemination activities with key public and private sector stakeholders as well as community representatives. Our goals were to develop consensus on a socially and culturally appropriate approach to equity-focused HIA, draw on this consensus to develop a contextualized HIA toolkit, build local HIA capacity based on this toolkit, strengthen the HIA regulatory environment and provide evidence-based support for efforts to institutionalize HIA in the resource sector. These efforts have resulted in the inclusion of HIA in the environmental impact assessment law of Mongolia, and the focus has now shifted from KT to further supporting HIA institutionalization and practice.  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨城市拆迁安置对居民社区归属感的影响。方法采用问卷对临安市锦城街道文昌阁社区388名拆迁安置居民进行调查。结果拆迁居民社区归属感水平与老社区居民相当,保持在较高水平,但在社区喜爱、社区依恋方面显著高于老社区居民,而在社区认同、社区关心方面显著低于老社区居民;拆迁居民社区归属感主要受到组织满意度、未来生活预期、社区满意度、社区参与年龄五个因素的影响。结论拆迁安置对居民归属感并不完全是负面的,也有积极面,可以通过提升居民满意度、生活预期和社会参与达到归属感重建。  相似文献   

7.
    
The participative approach to social impact assessment and management recognizes that the input from the local community and their participation in a project assessment are essential for the success of a project. Using the example of a mining development, the process of involving the local people is illustrated. The work to date augurs well for its usefulness in the mine development process.  相似文献   

8.
Participatory impact assessment is a term frequently used and often abused. It refers to an approach that includes interested and affected parties in deciding indicators and measures of environmental and social impacts, in evaluation of effects and monitoring. Involving communities in a participatory manner facilitates skill transfer, fosters buy-in and creates local social capital. This paper describes a participatory exercise initiated by a local authority (Council) in New Zealand. Based on the reported assessment and that of two others, five essential ingredients are identified for a genuine participatory exercise. Time and flexibility are key components.  相似文献   

9.
In order to analyze potential social risks, and achieve smooth implementation of investment activities in the China–Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), we attempt to establish social impact and risk indicators. Both the impacts on the projects and the impacts of the projects are used to develop risk indicators in accordance with the literature review, reality and international standard principles. Using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and average value to analyze questionnaires of both Chinese and Pakistani respondents, we identify the importance of various risk indicators. The primary social risks of the western high mountain region include tribal obstacles and religious extremism. The social risks to the southeast coastal plains include preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the area and international protection of national parks. The social risks in north Kashmir include disputes, extremist threats, religious and cultural differences, and the protection of natural reserves. The social risks of the Xinjiang region primarily involve social issues faced by ethnic minorities and environmental pressures.  相似文献   

10.
    
Abstract

Failure to consider the cultural and social factors of projects can lead to situations where mitigation does not effectively address the impacts they were intended to alleviate, and can even create other impacts. We critically analyse the processes of designing and implementing a social and environmental compensation program for the Lajeado Hydroelectric Dam in the Amazon region of central-northern Brazil. This mitigation program caused a wide range of social and environmental impacts on the Xerente Indigenous people, such as intra-group conflict, and changes in agricultural practices and food regime. Based on qualitative fieldwork and an extensive document analysis, we present a contextualization of the region, the project, the Xerente people, and their cosmological understandings. We consider the perspectives of a broad range of stakeholders about the compensation program and its outcomes, and demonstrate how traditional cultural practices and values played a role in the unfolding of the program. Better comprehension of sociocultural aspects through the use of ethnography, ongoing consultation, and meaningful community participation in the planning and implementation of mitigation measures are recommended.  相似文献   

11.
Transboundary impact assessment (TIA) has become an important environmental management tool, particularly where a project may have transboundary impacts. With the growing practice of TIA, it becomes important to consider the accuracy of the transboundary impact assessments that are being conducted. If TIA is a planning tool designed to provide a basis for making an informed decision, does it actually provide the necessary information? This paper summarizes lessons learned in pilot-testing a methodology to assess the accuracy of TIAs.  相似文献   

12.
The social impacts of the planned windfarm ‘Windpark Noordoostpolder’ on the village of Urk are considered. Generating 190 megawatts (MW) when operational, the windfarm will be the largest in the Netherlands. Urk residents will experience a variety of negative impacts including a reduction in the aesthetic quality of their landscape, and their community identification and place attachment will be affected. The windfarm will also reduce leisure and recreation opportunities. While construction of the windfarm will arguably increase options for economic prosperity and employment, these benefits will flow to temporary construction workers who will likely come from elsewhere, and who will themselves be a cause of negative social impact and potential harm to the Urk community given its particular social characteristics as a fishing village and conservative religious community. Now part of the mainland, Urk is a former island and retains a strong independent identity and a sense of islandness. The windfarm project has generated strong feelings and has mobilized community action against the project. With their appeal rejected, the Urk community feels betrayed and considers that their concerns have not been taken seriously.  相似文献   

13.
居民的地方情感是居住性历史文化街区的重要组成部分,而声景在构建居民与居住地的情感关系方面具有显著优势。文章选取太原市矿机宿舍历史文化街区和南华门历史文化街区作为研究对象,以居民的地方情感与声景感知为中心,将地方感划分为地方依恋和地方认同两个维度进行研究。通过实地测量、问卷调查及统计分析探究声景对居民地方感的影响。研究结果显示:在声景要素方面,传统商业声的偏好度和娱乐活动声的感知频率与地方感及地方依恋呈显著正向关系,而休闲活动声的偏好度与地方认同呈显著正向关系。历史文化街区评价方面,居民对街区历史的了解程度及文化保留程度评价与地方感、地方依恋及地方认同均呈显著正向关系。研究结果为历史文化街区的声景设计提供理论参考,可以为以声景赋能的历史文化街区的保护与更新提供指导。  相似文献   

14.
    
In Cameroon, like in other countries, public hearings are the most common method of citizen involvement mentioned in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). To elicit various attributes of current practice and characteristics of these public hearings in Cameroon, with focus on access, process and outcomes, we used an interpretive approach. This research unveiled an array of problems, including shortcomings in public hearing practice, law and regulatory framework, limited access to information, and inconvenient location of reading rooms (depositories). Public hearings do take place in depositories but they do not provide participants with the opportunity for direct debate and consensus-building. This research demonstrated that, local economic stakes tend to take precedence over critical questioning during public hearing events. However, public hearings in Cameroon attest to the growing willingness to challenge ESIA reports that may be fully backed by the government. In order for public hearings to be worthwhile events in Cameroon, there is need to build credibility and mutual trust among stakeholders.  相似文献   

15.
    
In response to community and government concerns around social impacts and issues associated with rapid development within the resource sector, the Australian State of Queensland in 2008 introduced a requirement for resource projects to develop Social Impact Management Plans (SIMPs). This paper considers whether current SIMP practice reflects leading practice, as was hoped for when they were introduced. It draws on the authors' collective experience as social practitioners in the mining, oil and gas and infrastructure sectors in Queensland and elsewhere. While the introduction of SIMPs is to be applauded, the authors argue that there are elements of practice that need refinement. In particular, SIMPs in Queensland often display a ‘one size fits all’ approach, do not differentiate between impacts and opportunities, risk confusing the roles and responsibilities of various actors, and contain impractical and onerous requirements for agreement making. The paper concludes by proposing a set of principles that would refine and streamline the Queensland practice to become an example of leading practice social impact management.  相似文献   

16.
    
Many agree that every product has economic, environmental, and social impacts on those who use and produce them. While environmental and economic impacts are well known and measures have been developed, our understanding of social impacts is still developing. While efforts have been made to identify social impacts, academics, and practitioners still disagree on which phenomena should be included, and few have focused on the impacts of products specifically compared with programs, policies, or other projects. The primary contribution of this review essay is to integrate scholarship from a wide array of social science and engineering disciplines that categorizes the social phenomena that are affected by products. Specifically, we identify social impacts and processes including population change, family, gender, education, stratification, employment, health and well-being, human rights, networks and communication, conflict and crime, and cultural identity/heritage. These categories are important because they can be used to inform academics and practitioners alike who are interested in creating products that generate positive social benefits for users.  相似文献   

17.
    
A rapid health assessment of the Turkwel Gorge hydroelectric dam and proposed irrigation project in Kenya is described. The project will lead to increased risk of a number of communicable diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis, to the human population in the surrounding area. Mitigation measures are available and should be incorporated in the design and operation of the irrigation project to maximise cost-effectiveness.  相似文献   

18.
    
Abstract

Despite the enormous significance of differentiated interests and power relations among the stakeholders in development interventions, political impact does not receive adequate attention and space in existing environmental impact assessment and social impact assessment frameworks. The goal of political impact assessment is to ensure democratization, participation, equity; human rights and understand the marginalization process, conflict and cooperation. Inadequate focus on political impacts like participation, marginalization and democratization could have severe impacts like increasing vulnerability and inequality. Using qualitative approaches, this study demonstrates that political impacts like lack of participation, democratization, access to service delivery and violation of human rights created and is predicted to create marginalization in case of Jamuna Bridge and Padma Bridge in Bangladesh. The paper argues that political impacts needs to be emphasized and assessed separately for facilitating more equitable distribution of benefits of infrastructure project and mitigating marginalization of individuals and communities.  相似文献   

19.
    
Despite being adopted worldwide, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is under pressure in many countries, while perceived (rightly or wrongly) as an ineffective and inefficient process. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is thought to help address some of EIA’s shortcomings, but it is absent in many jurisdictions and sectors. In this paper, we argue that multi-project EIA can, in some contexts, simultaneously deliver greater effectiveness and process streamlining. To illustrate our claim, we present a case study from offshore petroleum production in Brazil, where the development of the pre-salt giant reserves is being licensed through a multi-project EIA approach, in a non-SEA planning environment. The analysis provides interesting insights on the strengths and challenges of that strategy, focusing on five aspects of practice: cumulative impacts, efficiency, approach to authorizations, follow-up and political issues. Proper scoping was found to be essential to consistent EIA processes and shorter review times. Finally, we suggest that multi-project EIA approach should be revisited by practitioners and regulators to identify opportunities for deployment, especially in jurisdictions where strategic assessments are not in place.  相似文献   

20.
    
The objective of this study was to document trends in public participation within environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Kenya, using a Consultation and Public Participation Index (CPPI) developed for the analysis of EIA Study Reports submitted to the Environment Authority between 2002 and 2010. Results indicated that public participation remained relatively low, with the highest score of 1.65 in 2010, out of a possible score of 5. Scores for individual dimensions within the index fluctuated during the study period, with participation methods and type of participants scoring the highest, following increased emphasis by the Environment Authority on the conducting and reporting of public participation. This was followed by venue, notification and language used, in that order, which were often not reported, and, when reported, choices per dimension were limited. This is the first time this index has been used, yet it serves as a good starting point to evaluate public participation within EIA.  相似文献   

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