琼东南盆地深水中央峡谷速度异常分析方法

琼东南盆地深水区发育大型中央峡谷体系,近几年一系列重大发现证实了中央峡谷的巨大油气潜力。然而,由于中央峡谷含气区速度变化敏感、各向异性显著、海底崎岖等特点,常规的速度分析方法难以准确分析深水中央峡谷速度;研究运用各向异性速度分析技术,获得高密度的速度场、各向异性场,解决速度倒转难以分析、速度场纵横向变化剧烈、长电缆各向异性突出等难点;高密度速度场与地质趋势更加吻合,道集中远偏移距得以校平;也为区域速度分析提供了更加准确的资料。     

塔里木盆地速度场建场方法研究及应用

塔里木盆地是我国最大的含油气盆地,拥有巨大的油气资源潜力,现已发现多套含油层系和多个油气田,成为我国重要的能源战略接替基地。因此有必要对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成条件与勘探方向进行综合研究,这涉及到对塔里木盆地的整体成图。由于盆地面积大,不同区块地震资料的采集和处理有很大差别,导致地震叠加速度场资料品质差别大,通常的速度分析与速度建场方法已经不适用。为了准确得到塔里木盆地的构造形态,在层位控制法基础上,结合地质统计学方法,对层速度进行插值和校正,建立了较为精确的塔里木盆地速度场。     

某新探区地震资料处理高精度速度分析方法探讨

地震波的速度是地震勘探中的一个重要参数,在地表及地下地质构造复杂地区,如何求取的准确的地下介质速度将直接影响到动校正、叠前或者叠后偏移、剩余静校正量等,因此获取准确的速度参数是正确处理和解释地震资料的关键问题,本文运用多种速度分析方法对速度数据进行质量控制,力求速度场的精准度和合理性。     

菱塘桥地区三维地震资料拼接处理

菱塘桥地区三维地震资料拼接处理涉及四块三维地震资料的处理,资料采集年代较早,时间跨度较大。本区地震资料信噪比低,目的层缺乏统一的特征,断层断点模糊。为进一步提高目的层资料质量,本次处理重点从炮点位置校正、不同区块拼接时差校正等基础工作做起,在此基础上进行一致性问题、偏移成像及叠加速度场、偏移速度场等关键问题的测试与处理。最终成果较老剖面在波组特征上有所提高,在部分剖面中,断层的成像质量有一定的提高。     

以GEOSCOPE系统为平台对低信噪比地震资料再处理的探讨

由于地表及地下因素复杂,再加上表层静校正、波场复杂及有效信号提取难、速度场复杂以致成像精度低等各方面因素,给地震资料处理工作带来了很大的难度。针对低信噪比资料的特点,引进GEoScOPE系统为平台,利用GEOSCOPE解释软件灵活方便的特点,并在实际资料解释处理应用中取得了一定的效果。本文对比低信噪比资料解释过程中的Alpha滤波处理前后的效果作了简要介绍,以推进复杂地表条件下低信噪比地震资料解释水平的共同提高。     

浮法锡槽内保护气体的三维数值模拟

本文建立了浮法玻璃锡槽内保护气流场(速度场)、温度场的数学模型，利用计算机对数学模型进行了数值计算。得到了保护气体在锡槽内的速度场、温度场，并且研究了玻璃拉引速度及冷却水包变化对保护气体速度场、温度场的影响。     

多种道集分析在Walkaway VSP资料处理中的应用

通过在共炮点道集和共检波点道集内对Walkaway VSP资料进行分析,使得初至拾取更加合理准确,为速度模型的准确构建建立前提;使得波场分离过程中去噪更彻底,获得的有效波场更加理想,为偏移成像质量的提高打下基础。最终使Walkaway VSP资料在井旁精细构造识别及薄互层描述中发挥更大的作用。     

Depth Express变速成图在段六拨油田的应用

三维速度场模型适用于构造幅度变化快、井位多、构造覆盖面积大和构造复杂的地区,仅以单井合成记录通过TDQ转换的时深关系难以真实反映深层构造信息。段六拨油田北翼官东6X1断块位于沧东凹陷南皮斜坡区,北部即孔东一级断层构造带,南部为段六拨断层,由于受到这两个主要断裂带的影响,地震资料品质受到影响,从而对地层层速度产生影响,因此提高速度转换的精度是此次构造研究的主要目的。研究证明,经过井震结合产生的叠加速度模型转换成均方根速度模型之后,转换的层速度模型大大提高了构造成图的精度,通过质量控制环节将TDQ模型与Depth Express速度场模型进行对比,通过井分层信息验证模型的精准性。     

塔里木盆地含油气构造地震波场正演特征研究

塔里木盆地碎屑岩油藏类型多,有低幅度构造、地层-岩性构造,识别含油气构造地震响应特征至关重要。根据目的层厚度、速度等方面建立不同的地质模型,进行地震正演模拟,建立含油气构造地震波场正演特征。分析对比正演模拟剖面和实际地震剖面的波场特征,结合地质资料,推测含油气范围,有效指导了井位部署。     

串联偏移方法在平方王地震资料处理中的应用

文章从说明串联偏移的原理出发,通过对几种偏移方法对比分析,结合平方王的地质构造特点、平方王地区地震资料处理的实际情况,然后展示串联偏移在平方王地区的应用效果.通过对全区分别采用了90％％、95％、100％、105％、110％的速度进行偏移测试的对比,调整较为准确的偏移速度场,用该速度场进行串联偏移.这样建立的速度模型偏移的成像归位精度最高.串联偏移剖面上无划弧现象,绕射波收敛,剖面聚焦好,波组特征更加明显,断裂系统清楚,断点干脆,更加清晰地反映了地层的接触关系.     

On the superficial gas velocity in deep gas–solids fluidized beds

The superficial gas velocity is one of the key parameters used to determine the flow hydrodynamics in gas–solids fluidized beds. However, the superficial velocity varies with height in practice, and there is no consistent basis for its specification. Different approaches to determine the superficial gas velocity in a deep gas–solids system are shown to cause difficulties in developing models and in comparing predictions with experimental results. In addition, the reference conditions for superficial gas velocity are important in modeling of deep gas–solids systems where there is a considerable pressure drop.     

恒压操作下深层过滤阻力模型的研究

分析了流体在深层滤床中所受的阻力,从经典的达西公式和科泽尼——卡曼方程着手,推导出清洁滤层的过滤阻力及过滤速度表达式,在此基础上结合深层过滤物理模型,引入微元概念,得到恒压操作下截污滤层的过滤阻力和过滤速度数学模型,明确了过滤阻力随各种参数的变化关系,对恒压操作深层过滤的应用有指导意义。     

Flow patterns of solids in a two-dimensional spouted bed with draft plates: PIV measurement and DEM simulations

Particle flow behaviors in a two-dimensional spouted bed (2DSB) with draft plates were studied using both the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the combined technique of discrete element method and fluid dynamic computation (DEM-CFD) while considering the gas turbulence effect. The bed consisted of a rectangular column, 152 mm wide and 15 mm deep, a conical section with an included 60° angle and two draft plates with a distance of 15 mm. Images of particle flow were recorded by a high speed CCD camera and analyzed using a self-developed PIV algorithm to obtain a time-averaged particle velocity field. Experiments predict that the addition of draft plates not only makes the streamline of particles in the annulus steeper, but the velocity magnitude is made smaller as well. DEM results predict well the longitudinal profile of the particle vertical velocity along the bed centerline, especially during the rapid acceleration stage at the lower part of the spout. Finally, the distributions of drag forces and net forces are introduced in this paper to explain the particle velocity profiles by PIV measurement.     

富水型热储层深井套管式换热器传热特性研究

基于所建立的深井套管式换热器井孔内、外非稳态传热模型,推导得到富水型热储层地下水渗流作用下深井换热器进（出）水管、固井水泥温度以及热储层过余温度的瞬态解析解。以示范工程现场监测数据与有限体积法数值计算结果为验证依据,探究热储层中渗流过程对于深井换热器传热特性的影响。计算得到,当深井换热器循环水量稳定在30 m³/h时,热储层中达西流速由0提高到5×10^-6 m/s时,平均换热量增大55 kW。然而在忽略热储层中渗流过程时,循环水量由30 m³/h提高到60 m³/h,平均换热量增大34 kW,循环水泵耗功提高20.6 kW。研究表明：随着渗流速度的增大,热储层中的传热机制发生改变,从而强化深井换热器的传热过程;同时降低了循环水流量对于深井换热器换热性能的影响程度。     

Prediction of temperature,pressure, density,velocity distribution in H‐T‐H‐P gas wells

In this paper, we build a model of coupled differential equations concerning pressure, temperature density and velocity in H‐T‐H‐P (High Temperature‐High Pressure) gas wells according to the conservation of mass, momentum and energy. We present an algorithm‐solving model by the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method. Basic data from the Dayi Well, 7100 m deep in China, are used for case history calculations and a sensitivity analysis is done for the model. Gas pressure, temperature, velocity and density along the depth of the well are plotted with different productions, different geothermal gradients and different thermal conductivities, intuitively reflecting gas flow law and the characteristics of heat transfer in formation. The results can provide a dynamic analysis of production for H‐T‐H‐P gas wells. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Separation of trace quantities of jetsam in a counter-current fluidized cascade

Data are presented on separations involving systems containing small concentrations of iron particles in sand, and of salt particles in activated carbon, in a bottom-driven 3.66 metre long fluidized cascade. At each fluidization velocity a maximum beneficiation ratio was found at a particular baffle chain velocity. The optimal baffle chain velocity increased with increasing fluidization velocity, and it was larger with 26 mm deep baffles than with 13 mm baffles. An analysis based on a theoretical model led to the conclusion that segregation kinetics are enhanced by the motion of the baffles just above the grid.     

鼓泡流化床内高灰煤气化过程的颗粒尺度特性研究

基于多相流体质点网格方法(MP-PIC)对高灰煤在三维鼓泡流化床气化过程进行了数值模拟研究。在欧拉-拉格朗日框架下将气相和固相分别视作连续介质和离散相处理。首先,将模拟得到的出口处气体组分结果与实验数据进行对比,实验数据与模拟结果具有良好的一致性。其次,研究了煤颗粒在气化炉内的温度、传热系数、速度和停留时间,从颗粒尺度揭示了鼓泡流化床气化炉内的颗粒分布特性和气固流动特征。结果表明:在气化炉入口附近煤颗粒与床层温差最大,传热系数最大;由于流化床内强非线性的气固流动,床中煤温度和传热系数的空间分布不均匀;煤颗粒和床料的瞬时速度具有稳定的波动幅度,其中垂直方向速度波动最明显,且煤颗粒的瞬时速度比床料的瞬时速度略大;由于颗粒间的剧烈碰撞,延长了煤颗粒停留时间。此外,对鼓泡流化床中煤气化过程颗粒尺度的研究,有助于深入了解固体颗粒的流动行为以及气固相相互作用特性,对鼓泡流化床反应器的设计优化具有重要意义。     

A Discussion on Minimum Spout Velocity and Jet Penetration Length

The similarity and difference between the flat‐bottom and cone‐bottom cylindrical spouted beds, conical spouted beds and vertical upward jets in fluidized beds have been analyzed in this paper based on the effects of geometrical parameters on the minimum spouting velocity and operating stabilities of the spouted beds. The effect of angle on minimum spouting velocity was found to be only significant within the range of 30 to 60 degrees cone angles. Minimum spouting velocity in deep cylindrical spouted beds was proportional to the square root of the static bed height, but was proportional to the static bed height in conical spouted beds and large cylindrical spouted beds with small height‐to‐diameter ratio. The relationship between the minimum spouting velocity and the static bed height was consistent with that between jet velocity and the vertical jet penetration length in jetting fluidized beds.     

The spouting regime map,bubbling characteristics and bed expansion of deep beds of large hollow polyethylene spheres

The high velocity spouting regime of a deep bed containing 9.6 mm hollow polyethylene spheres of density 394 kg/m³ was investigated in a 152.4 mm flat bottom cylindrical half column with a 50.8 mm inlet. A bed height vs gas velocity regime diagram is presented showing the conditions under which type II spouting is observed. The transition velocity from bubbling to type II spouting is determined using the autocorrelation of the pressure fluctuations in the bed. The bubbling characteristics of the bed are described. Bed expansion in bubbling and type II spouted beds are reported.     

露天深孔台阶爆破减振孔减振效应数值模拟分析

为了降低露天深孔台阶爆破过程产生的振动,采用LS-DYNA有限元仿真平台研究爆破时预设减振孔对埋地管线的振动影响。实验结果表明采用减振孔后埋地管线的振动速度衰减了47%~65%,减振效果较为明显;减振孔内充液时,埋地管线振动速度衰减了31%~43%,相应的减少了粉尘。