纳米材料在环境保护和环境治理方面的应用

纳米材料在环境保护和环境治理方面有着广阔的应用前景，本文对目前在环境保护和环境治理方面研究和应用较多的几种纳米材料进行了简要介绍。     

纳米二氧化钛在能源和环境治理方面的应用

随着纳米材料技术的发展,使得材料研究领域又有了更进一步的飞跃。纳米二氧化钛作为一种新兴的纳米材料,因其具有光催化效果强、热稳定好、可重复使用等特性,使其在能源材料的制备和环境保护等方面得到了广泛的应用。本文着重介绍纳米二氧化钛在水体污染、空气污染的治理,土壤修复以及提高太阳能电池转化效率等方面的应用,并对其在现阶段存在的问题和未来的发展及应用前景做出了展望。     

纳米材料和纳米技术在新型建筑材料中的应用

介绍了纳米技术在涂料、混凝土材料、陶瓷和高分子材料等方面的应用情况,并展望了纳米材料和纳米技术在建材领域的应用前景.通过论述认为,纳米技术为纳米材料的广泛应用提供了可靠的技术基础和理论指导,也为研制新型建材提供了新思路.     

液相法合成ZnO纳米材料的研究进展

氧化锌纳米材料是一种面向21世纪的新型精细无机材料.目前,有关ZnO纳米材料的研究已经成为半导体材料研究领域的热点之一.ZnO纳米材料在光学、光电、催化、压电等方面均具有广泛的应用前景.本文对ZnO纳米材料的制备、特性及应用等方面作了概述.     

氧化亚铜在太阳能电池、光催化领域的研究进展

作为半导体光电功能材料,Cu2O薄膜和纳米材料由于具有独特的能带结构和优异的性能,在电子信息、能源、环境保护等领域具有重要的应用前景。介绍了Cu2O薄膜与纳米材料的制备方法及其在太阳能电池和光催化领域的应用。分析了目前存在的问题,并提出今后研究的对策。     

纳米材料的应用前景及研究进展

介绍了纳米材料的特性和制备方法,着重阐述了纳米材料的应用状况和前景,并介绍了国内外在纳米材料方面的研究进展.     

石墨烯复合材料的研究进展

基于石墨烯独特的结构和突出物理化学性能,石墨烯已经成为了一种有着巨大应用前景的二维纳米材料,并在众多领域引起了人们广泛的关注。本文对近些年石墨烯的性能、应用及石墨烯基纳米材料的发展进行了评述,并对石墨烯在电化学方面的应用进行了详细描述。未来名墨烯基材料在电化学方面的应用前景巨大。     

纳米材料在石油工业中的应用

随着纳米材料的发展,阐述了纳米材料在油田开发、石油化工及润滑油添加剂方面的应用实例和应用前景。     

磁性纳米材料处理含铀废水的研究进展

磁性纳米材料具有较强的化学稳定性、可再生回收、良好的吸附性能和易于分离等优点,在去除水溶液中的铀酰离子方面有广泛的应用前景。然而,磁性纳米材料也存在易团聚、易氧化等不足,通过表面修饰或改性等方法可改善其不足,提高其对废水中铀酰离子的去除能力,改善其吸附效果。本文通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,概括了磁性纳米材料的种类,归纳总结并比较了不同种类磁性纳米材料对含铀废水的去除能力及优势与不足,探讨了磁性纳米材料在含铀废水处理中的应用并对其机理进行了分析,阐述了磁性纳米材料去除溶液中铀酰离子的影响因素,简述了目前磁性纳米材料在处理含铀废水中有待解决的问题,并对其在分离放射性元素方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

纳米材料在环境保护方面的应用

概述了近年来纳米材料在环境保护方面的应用情况，重点介绍了在大气污染、污水处理等环保方面的应用情况。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.