Gait Recognition by Cross Wavelet Transform and Graph Model

In this paper, a multi-view gait based human recognition system using the fusion of two kinds of features is proposed. We use cross wavelet transform to extract dynamic feature and bipartite graph model to extract static feature which are coefficients of quadrature mirror filter (QMF)-graph wavelet filter bank. Feature fusion is done after normalization. For normalization of features, min-max rule is used and mean-variance method is used to find weights for normalized features. Euclidean distance between each feature vector and center of the cluster which is obtained by k-means clustering is used as similarity measure in Bayesian framework. Experiments performed on widely used CASIA B gait database show that, the fusion of these two feature sets preserve discriminant information. We report 99.90% average recognition rate.      

多特征和多视角信息融合的步态识别

提出了一种基于多特征和多视角信息融合的步态识别方法。应用背景差分和阴影消除获得人体步态轮廓,对人体轮廓使用伪Zernike矩、小波描述子和Procrustes形状分析法进行了特征提取。通过多特征和多视角步态信息融合,完成了基于人体步态特征的身份识别。该方法在CASIA步态数据库上进行了实验,取得了较高的正确识别率,实验结果表明本文所提出的识别方法具有较高的识别性能。     

Choquet模糊积分特征融合的步态识别

研究一种利用Choquet模糊积分对小波矩特征和人体宽度特征进行融合的步态识别算法。该算法对每个步态序列采用背景减除法提取人的二值化的运动轮廓图像序列,利用人体步态周期图像的小波矩特征和宽度特征对提取出的步态轮廓进行描述,得出的小波矩特征和宽度特征根据重要性作为总体特征输入,运用Choquet模糊积分融合选取SVM分类器进行识别,识别结果与最新的线性加权融合识别方法进行比较,结果表明Choquet模糊积分方法有较好的识别效果。     

基于小波变换和倒谱分析的腭裂高鼻音等级自动识别

为实现对腭裂高鼻音等级的自动识别,通过对语音信号小波处理和特征提取方法的综合研究,提出基于小波分解系数倒谱特征的腭裂高鼻音等级自动识别算法。目前,研究人员对腭裂语音的研究多基于MFCC、Teager能量、香农能量等特征,识别正确率偏低,且计算量过大。文中对4种等级腭裂高鼻音的1789个元音\a\语音数据提取小波分解系数倒谱特征参数,使用KNN分类器对4种不同等级的高鼻音进行自动识别,将识别结果与MFCC、LPCC、基音周期、共振峰和短时能量共5种经典声学特征的识别结果作比较,同时使用SVM分类器对不同等级的腭裂高鼻音进行自动识别,并与KNN分类器进行对比。实验结果表明,基于小波分解系数倒谱特征的识别结果优于经典声学特征,且KNN分类器的识别结果优于SVM分类器。小波分解系数倒谱特征在KNN中的识别率最高达到91.67%,在SVM中达到87.60%,经典声学特征在KNN分类器中的识别率为21.69%~84.54%,在SVM中的识别率为30.61%~78.24%。     

Admissible wavelet packet features based on human inner ear frequency response for Hindi consonant recognition

It was observed that for non-stationary and quasi-stationary signals, wavelet transform has been found to be an effective tool for the time–frequency analysis. In the recent years wavelet transform being used for feature extraction in speech recognition applications. Here a new filter structure using admissible wavelet packet analysis is proposed for Hindi phoneme recognition. These filters have the benefit of having frequency bands spacing similar to the auditory Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth (ERB) scale whose central frequencies are equally distributed along the frequency response of human cochlea. The phoneme recognition performance of proposed feature is compared with the standard baseline features and 24-band admissible wavelet packet-based features using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based classifier. Proposed feature shows better performance compared to conventional features for Hindi consonant recognition. To evaluate the robustness of proposed feature in the noisy environment NOISEX-92 database has been used.     

Multi-resolution approach to human activity recognition in video sequence based on combination of complex wavelet transform,Local Binary Pattern and Zernike moment

Human activity recognition is a challenging problem of computer vision and it has different emerging applications. The task of recognizing human activities from video sequence exhibits more challenges because of its highly variable nature and requirement of real time processing of data. This paper proposes a combination of features in a multiresolution framework for human activity recognition. We exploit multiresolution analysis through Daubechies complex wavelet transform (DCxWT). We combine Local binary pattern (LBP) with Zernike moment (ZM) at multiple resolutions of Daubechies complex wavelet decomposition. First, LBP coefficients of DCxWT coefficients of image frames are computed to extract texture features of image, then ZM of these LBP coefficients are computed to extract the shape feature from texture feature for construction of final feature vector. The Multi-class support vector machine classifier is used for classifying the recognized human activities. The proposed method has been tested on various standard publicly available datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method works well for multiview human activities as well as performs better than some of the other state-of-the-art methods in terms of different quantitative performance measures.

     

采用不变矩傅氏级数表示的步态识别

步态作为唯一具备远距离识别能力的生物测量特征已经受到广泛的关注。步态序列包含人行走的静态和动态信息,综合利用这两方面信息是提高识别性能的关键。为了综合利用人行走的静态和动态信息来提高识别能力,提出了一种用步态的不变矩傅氏级数系数的幅值作为识别特征的步态识别方法。因为不变矩描述了人运动的静态信息,其在整个步态周期提取的特征则蕴含了人运动的动态信息,所以将不变矩作为识别特征用于步态识别。该方法首先计算每帧图像的不变矩;然后采用傅里叶级数来拟合整个不变矩系数序列,并用遗传算法搜索傅里叶级数系数;接着将这些系数的幅值表示为用于分类的特征向量;最后再用k近邻分类器对特征向量进行分类。通过对CMU步态数据库中的4种步态分别进行的实验结果表明,该方法对单独的矩可取得80%以上的识别率,而对级联的矩识别率则可达到90%以上。另外,该方法对部分遮挡也具有鲁棒性。实验结果和性能分析表明,这种结合静态和动态信息的识别方法是有效的。     

Improved gait recognition by multiple-projections normalization

Recognizing people by gait promises to be useful for identifying individuals from a distance; in this regard, improved techniques are under development. In this paper, an improved method for gait recognition is proposed. Binarized silhouette of a motion object is first represented by four 1-D signals that are the basic image features called the distance vectors. The distance vectors are differences between the bounding box and silhouette, and extracted using four projections to silhouette. Fourier Transform is employed as a preprocessing step to achieve translation invariant for the gait patterns accumulated from silhouette sequences that are extracted from the subjects’ walk in different speed and/or different time. Then, eigenspace transformation is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the input feature space. Support vector machine (SVM)-based pattern classification technique is then performed in the lower-dimensional eigenspace for recognition. The input feature space is alternatively constructed by using two different approaches. The four projections (1-D signals) are independently classified in the first approach. A fusion task is then applied to produce the final decision. In the second approach, the four projections are concatenated to have one vector and then pattern classification with one vector is performed in the lower-dimensional eigenspace for recognition. The experiments are carried out on the most well-known public gait databases: the CMU, the USF, SOTON, and NLPR human gait databases. To effectively understand the performance of the algorithm, the experiments are executed and presented as increasing amounts of the gait cycles of each person available during the training procedure. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is comparatively illustrated to take into consideration the published gait recognition approaches.     

基于自适应特征选取的步态识别

提出基于自适应特征选取的步态识别方法。采用新的特征提取方法,该方法将目标按人体结构特点划分为多个子区域,利用各个子区域的质心与头部质心的距离和夹角对步态特征进行描述。采用Boosting算法自适应选取最优特征序列,对识别结果进行加权处理。该方法结合了步态的动态和静态信息,实验结果表明该方法具有较高的识别性能。     

基于组合特征的步态识别

基于步态的身份识别是近几年出现的一种新的生物识别技术。提出了一种融合静态特征与动态特征的步态识别方法,该算法使用小波矩描述步态序列图像的静态特征,接着使用主元分析法对小波矩进行降维,而图像的动态特征则用人体轮廓的3个宽度特征来描述。最后,通过实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

线性插值框架下矩阵步态识别的性能分析

针对现有的步态周期检测方法检测效果不佳以及行走速度变化对步态识别性能有很大影响的问题,提出的基于矩的步态周期检测方法中,Zernike矩需要人体居中、尺度归一的前期预处理过程,而伪Zernike矩具有能描述运动图像的特点,它可以避免人体居中、尺度归一等处理,以便直接测试步态的周期性.根据行走时的两帧之间的特征取决于前一帧和后一帧的特征,提出了基于线性插值的矩阵步态识别算法框架,并且将投影特征、Hough变换特征、Trace变换特征和Fan-Beam映射特征应用在CASIA(B)步态库上,验证了框架的有效性,为解决步态识别问题带来新的方法与思路.这种基于线性插值的矩阵步态识别特征本质上是一种权值不同的能量形式.     

Feature fusion of side face and gait for video-based human identification

Video-based human recognition at a distance remains a challenging problem for the fusion of multimodal biometrics. As compared to the approach based on match score level fusion, in this paper, we present a new approach that utilizes and integrates information from side face and gait at the feature level. The features of face and gait are obtained separately using principal component analysis (PCA) from enhanced side face image (ESFI) and gait energy image (GEI), respectively. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is employed on the concatenated features of face and gait to obtain discriminating synthetic features. This process allows the generation of better features and reduces the curse of dimensionality. The proposed scheme is tested using two comparative data sets to show the effect of changing clothes and face changing over time. Moreover, the proposed feature level fusion is compared with the match score level fusion and another feature level fusion scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the synthetic features, encoding both side face and gait information, carry more discriminating power than the individual biometrics features, and the proposed feature level fusion scheme outperforms the match score level and another feature level fusion scheme. The performance of different fusion schemes is also shown as cumulative match characteristic (CMC) curves. They further demonstrate the strength of the proposed fusion scheme.     

高压水射流靶物反射声信号的特征提取方法

为了提高利用高压水射流靶物反射声信号识别靶物材质的效率,针对地雷探测过程常见的地雷、石块、砖块和木块4种靶物,采用不同的特征提取方法来识别靶物材质。在分析Mel频率倒谱系数及小波包变换倒谱系数基本原理的基础上,结合靶物反射声信号的特点,提出了一种基于Mel频率倒谱和小波包变换倒谱特征融合的特征提取方法:利用小波包变换将原始靶物反射声信号划分为若干子频段,选取其中一个子频段作为低频和高频的划分层;低频部分提取Mel频率倒谱系数作为特征值,高频部分则提取小波包变换倒谱系数作为特征值,将2组特征值线性合并为一组新的特征向量,用于靶物材质的识别。采用最小二乘支持向量机建立多分类模型,验证基于单一特征和基于特征融合的特征提取方法的识别率。实验结果表明,在取得低频与高频的最佳划分层时,基于特征融合的特征提取方法的平均识别率达到82.812 5%,较单一的利用Mel频率倒谱系数或小波包变换倒谱系数作为特征向量时的平均识别率分别提高了10.312 5%和7.812 5%。     

Iterated wavelet transformation and signal discrimination for HRR radar target recognition

This paper explores the use of wavelets to improve the selection of discriminant features in the target recognition problem using high range resolution (HRR) radar signals in an air to air scenario. We show that there is statistically no difference among four different wavelet families in extracting discriminatory features. Since similar results can be obtained from any of the four wavelet families and wavelets within the families, the simplest wavelet (Haar) should be used. We use the box classifier to select the 128 most salient pseudo range bins and then apply the wavelet transform to this reduced set of bins. We show that by iteratively applying this approach, the classifier performance is improved. We call this the iterated wavelet transform . The number of times the feature reduction and transformation can be performed while producing improved classifier performance is small and the transformed features are shown to quickly cause the performance to approach an asymptote.     

Improved segmentation of semiconductor defects using area sieves

This paper aims at investigating a novel non-referential solution to the problem of defect detection on semiconductor wafer-die images. The suggested solution focuses on segmenting defects from the images using wavelet transformation and morphology-related properties of the associated wavelet coefficients. More specifically, a novel methodology is investigated for segmenting defects by applying an area sieves technique to innovative multidimensional wavelet-based features. These features are extracted from the original defective image using the non-reference K-Level 2-D DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform). The results of the proposed methodology are illustrated in defective die images where the defective areas are segmented with higher accuracy than the one obtained by applying other reference-based feature extraction methodologies. The first uses all the wavelet coefficients derived from the K-Level 2-D DWT, while the second one uses area sieves to segment the defective regions. Both methods involve in the same classification stage as the proposed feature extraction approach. The promising results obtained outline the importance of judicious selection and processing of 2-D DWT wavelet coefficients for industrial pattern recognition applications.     

基于平移不变预处理的小波变换的虹膜识别算法

普通的离散小波变换具有平移敏感性,无法稳定地表示小波域下的虹膜特征．为了减弱虹膜图像的旋转变化对小波分解系数的影响,提出一种基于虹膜的方向能量分布序列的平移不变预处理方法,以校正虹膜纹理图像角度旋转变化．通过对小波变换系数进行阈值化处理,以双位二进制形式编码虹膜特征．在验证模式下,采用加权Hamming距对未知虹膜进行多模板匹配得出识别结果．基于虹膜图像库进行比对实验,结果表明,增强了小波变换编码虹膜特征的可用性,能够有效地进行虹膜识别．