共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸(PFOA/PFOS)由于存在有争议的环境污染和生物蓄积等问题,已经成为全世界关注的焦点之一,寻找能够替代PFOA/PFOS的新型含氟表面活性剂具有重要的意义.本文综述了可能替代PFOA/PFOS新型含氟表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并按照分子结构进行了分类,着重介绍了以下4类:①端基为CF3O或(CF3)2N系列表面活性剂;②短氟链系列表面活性剂;③基于VDF或TFP系列表面活性剂;④全氟聚醚系列表面活性剂;同时对4类新型替代物的表面活性、生物降解性及在乳液聚合中的应用进行了归纳总结.目前PFOA/PFOS替代物的研究趋势,主要朝着降低含氟表面活性剂中氟元素比例、含减少氟链“有效长度”及插入N、O等杂原子等方向发展,使得新型含氟表活性剂更易降解、更环保、更安全. 相似文献
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含氟表面活性剂的制备和应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
含氟表面活性剂(简称:FS)是近些年来逐渐商品化的一种特殊性能的表 面活性剂.与普通活性剂不同之处在于,FS主要以全氟烷基或部分氟化了的烷基等作为表面活性剂中的疏水基部分,然后根据需要引入适当的连接基和亲水基团.目前,FS由于其卓越的性能成为表面活性剂中最重要和最具发展潜力的品种. 相似文献
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以N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)和全氟己基乙基碘为主要原料,合成了一种新型的含氟季铵盐表面活性剂。通过单因素和正交实验,考察了溶剂、反应温度、反应物摩尔比、溶剂体积和反应时间对MDEA转化率的影响,探讨优化出最佳工艺条件:溶剂为正丁醇,反应温度90℃,n(全氟己基乙基碘)∶n(MDEA)=2.5∶1,溶剂体积为8 mL,反应时间为42 h,转化率达到93.75%。通过傅里叶红外吸收光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱对目标产物进行表征,并通过测定其水溶液的表面张力研究了产物的表面活性。其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.518 mmol/L,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC)为9.3 mN/m;单分子饱和吸附量、单分子饱和吸附面积和胶束化标准自由能分别为0.354×10-10 mol/cm2、4.69 nm2和-26.03 kJ/mol。与同类产品相比较,产物具有优异的表面性能。 相似文献
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含氟两亲防污聚合物的合成与表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术合成了含氟两亲防污聚合物聚乙二醇-聚苯乙烯-聚全氟己基乙基丙烯酸酯(PEG-b-(PS-b-PFHEA)4).首先利用ATRP制备了含聚乙二醇与聚苯乙烯的两亲星形嵌段聚合物PEG-b-PS4其中的C-CI活化点进一步引发含氟单体-全氟己基乙基丙烯酸酯(PFHEA)的活性聚合.利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶色谱(GPC)对其结构组成与分子质量及其分布进行表征.该含氟共聚物膜表面,以聚苯乙烯为锚定点,疏水的含氟嵌段具有低表而能,而亲水的PEG嵌段与水接触具有较低的界而能.该聚合物具有微相分离功能,可导致白组装现象的发生.这种具有两亲性的聚合物涂层可抑制蛋白质吸附或海洋生物附着,可作为良好的防污材料. 相似文献
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以可聚合阳离子含氟表面活性剂N-(乙酸全氟辛基乙基酯)-N-(乙醇丙烯酸酯)二甲基溴化铵(PF8DM)为乳化剂,进行含氟丙烯酸酯的细乳液聚合研究,考察了PF8DM用量对单体转化率和凝胶率的影响,PF8DM用量对乳液的稳定性和表面性能的影响;分别采用PF8DM和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为乳化剂考察其对乳胶膜性能的影响。结果表明,当PF8DM含量为单体总质量的4%时,单体转化率达95%,凝胶率为0.6%;所得乳液具有优异的贮存、稀释、离心稳定性;当PF8DM用量为单体总质量的6%时得到的乳胶膜接触角达118.6°。在总含氟量相同的条件下,采用PF8DM为乳化剂制备的含氟丙烯酸酯乳液,其乳胶膜的吸水率大大降低,拒水性也明显增强。 相似文献
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正1种在微乳液形态下制备含氟聚合物的方法,包括以下步骤:1)将纯水、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、液态含氟单体以及光引发剂在反应容器内充分混合,形成含氟单体和水组成的O/W微乳液;2)将步骤1形成的O/W微乳液置于紫外线灯下照射,引发聚合反应,生成微乳液形态的含氟聚合物,未聚合的液态含氟单体在反应热的作用下转化为气态含氟单体;3)将步骤2中生成微乳液形态的含氟聚合物和气态含氟 相似文献
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拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH_2(CH_2)nNH_2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。 相似文献
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Luqing Zhang Jinhui Shi Anhou Xu Bing Geng Shuxiang Zhang 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2013,16(2):183-190
Two environmentally friendly succinic acid monofluoroalkyl sulfonate surfactants were synthesized from maleic anhydride and polyethylene glycol mono (1H,1H,7H‐dodecafluoroheptyl) ether, i.e. H(CF2)6CH2OCH2CH2OCOCH(SO3Na)CH2COOH (FEOS‐1) and H(CF2)6CH2(OCH2CH2)3OCOCH(SO3Na)CH2COOH (FEOS‐3). The obtained surfactants were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 19F NMR in detail. The synthesized fluorinated surfactants have a high thermal stability on the basis of thermogravimetric analysis. Their surface properties were examined and the results show that FEOS‐1 and FEOS‐3 surfactants can reduce the surface tension of water to 25.55 mN m?1 at 10.25 mmol L?1 and 21.63 mN m?1 at 8.33 mmol L?1, respectively; meanwhile, the introduction of oxyethylene groups enhances the hydrophilicity and micellar forming ability and the longer oxyethylene chains the better surface properties. The Krafft points (Kp) of FEOS‐1 and FEOS‐3 were both below 0 °C, which was lower than perfluoro‐n‐heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt (n‐C7F15SO3Na, Kp = 56.5 °C) at a similar length of fluorocarbon chains. Comparison studies on two surfactants above and the conventional fluorocarbon surfactants, perfluorooctanoate of ammonium (PFOA) show that the surfactants have comparable properties to PFOA, thus offering an environmentally friendly synthesizing alternatives to PFOA. 相似文献
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Tsuyoshi Asakawa Takashi Kitaguchi Shigeyoshi Miyagishi 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》1998,1(2):195-199
Solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl (FBIP) by surfactants in aqueous solution was examined to investigate the properties
of micelles composed of surfactants having a per-fluorocarbon chain. Fluorocarbon surfactants solubilize FBIP better than
hydrocarbon surfactants. Significant solubilization by fluorocarbon surfactants was observed upon addition of salt. Highly
synergistic solubilization of FBIP using surfactant mixtures was also observed for fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants
in the presence of salt. The high solubilization ability of surfactants can be attributed to micelle growth. A simple geometrical
consideration of molecular packing in micelles revealed that the characteristic micelle is composed of bulky fluorocarbon
chains. The solubilization behavior accompanied by micelle growth would be closely associated with a change in interfacial
contact area between the micelle core and bulk water. The behavior of fluorescence intensity of micelle-solubilized FBIP also
indicated a change in micropolarity of fluorocarbon micelles accompanied by micelle growth. 相似文献
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Tao Chen Xiaoyun Liu Qiushi You Danni Yu Jiping Wang 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2015,18(3):397-403
Reducing liquid surface tension is widely used to increase the efficiency of the centrifugal dehydration in textile wet processing. However, increasing the dehydration efficiency by decreasing fabric surface energy is seldom studied. In this work, the impact of in situ fabric surface energy on residual moisture content (RMC) of fabrics in the dehydration processes was investigated. Different types of fluorocarbon surfactants including cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphoteric were adopted as additives in this study. The liquid surface tension and RMC were efficiently decreased when fluorocarbon surfactants were used. Notably, a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant displays similar surface tension but distinct dehydration efficiency. The in situ fabric surface energy was evaluated by measuring the n‐octane contact angle on the cotton fabric surface under the surfactant solution using the captive bubble method. It was found that the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant system gave the lowest fabric surface energy, which was probably because cationic fluorocarbon surfactants are easier to adsorb onto the surface of cotton fabric to form a fluorocarbon layer. The chemical composition (19F, 12C and 16O) analysis of the cotton fabric surface by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the hypothesis. 相似文献
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P. Mukerjee 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1982,59(12):573-578
The interactions of fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons in liquid mixtures are known to be highly nonideal. Recent research has
indicated that the unusual characteristics of such interactions have a significant influence on the behavior of many interfacial
and micellar systems in which such interactions occur. Results from several different studies are presented. These involve
(a) properties of partially fluorinated surfactants and lipids, including comments on the use of fluorine substituted groups
as spectroscopic probes; (b) surface tensions of nonideal mixtures of liquid fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons and their interfacial
tensions against water; (c) adsorptions of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants to air/water, hexane/water, and perfluorohexane/water
interfaces and a comparison of relative affinities; (d) formation of mixed micelles of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants
and evidence of partial miscibility of micelles; (e) comparison of adsorption of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants
to graphon; and (f) comparison of wetting of hydrocarbon-like solids by aqueous solutions of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon
surfactants. 相似文献
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氟碳表面活性剂因其高表面活性、高耐热稳定性、高化学稳定性以及带有氟元素的烃基同时具有憎水性和憎油性的特点在消防灭火领域广泛应用。对表面活性剂的结构、分类、特性、合成方法、在消防领域应用方面进行了系统阐述,最后进行了展望,以期对未来氟碳表面活性剂的研究有所帮助。 相似文献
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氟碳表面活性剂工业应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氟碳表面活性剂具有“三高”、“两憎”的特性,在一些特殊的工业领域发挥着极其重要的作用。着重分析近年来氟碳表面活性剂的主要工业应用现状,并预测了氟碳表面活性剂在今后的工业应用趋势。 相似文献