加权变异策略动态差分进化算法

针对差分进化算法在解决高维优化问题时易早熟收敛、求解精度低和参数设置麻烦等问题,提出一种加权变异策略动态差分进化算法（WMDDE）。为了动态平衡全局搜索与局部搜索能力,跳出局部最优,将标准差分进化算法的变异策略DE/rand/1和DE/best/1进行加权组合,提出两种新的随机扰动加权变异算子。提出一种动态自适应调整缩放因子和交叉概率因子的策略,避免参数设置的麻烦,提高算法的稳定性。在11个Benchmark函数上的测试结果表明,新算法能有效避免早熟收敛,全局寻优能力强,且在高维时寻优速度、求解精度和稳定性均优于4种DE进化算法。     

改进差分进化算法辨识加药凝絮过程参数

针对标准差分进化算法收敛速度慢,容易陷入局部最优从而导致收敛精度不高的缺点,提出将DE/rand/1和DE/best/1线性加权相结合以及自适应重构交叉概率因子的改进差分进化算法.该算法中变异策略采用将DE/rand/1和DE/best/1通过线性模拟退火加权策略相结合,交叉因子则根据进化代数自适应重构,使得算法在初期重视全局搜索能力以找到全局最优可能解,后期重视局部收敛速度,以提高算法寻优能力和收敛速度.最后将该算法和其他改进差分进化算法用于城市供水水处理过程的加药凝絮参数辨识中,仿真结果表明,该算法相对于其他3种算法具有更快的收敛速度和更好的收敛精度,所得模型对检验数据的误差平方和很小,表明该模型准确可靠,为投药过程的前馈反馈控制和水厂的优化运行打下了良好基础,具有很好的实际意义.     

双种群差分进化规划算法

标准差分进化算法（SDE）具有算法简单,控制参数少,易于实现等优点。但在难优化问题中,算法存在收敛速度较慢和容易早熟等缺陷。为克服此缺点,提出一种改进算法--双种群差分进化规划算法（BGDEP）。该算法将种群划分为两个子群独立进化,分别采用DE/rand/1/bin和DE/best/2/bin版本生成变异个体。每隔δt（取5~10）代,将两个子群合并为一个种群,再应用混沌重组算子将之划分为两个子群,以实现子群间的信息交流。在双种群协同差分进化的同时,应用非均匀变异算子对其最优个体执行进化规划操作,使得算法具有较快的收敛速度和较强的全局寻优能力。为测试BGDEP的性能,给出了4个30维benchmark函数优化问题的对比数值实验。结果表明,BGDEP的求解精度、收敛速度、鲁棒性等性能优于SDE、双种群差分进化（BGDE）和非均匀变异进化规划（NUMEP）等4种算法。     

改进差分进化PID参数优化及在凝絮中的应用

针对标准差分进化（DE）收敛速度慢和操作过程中参数为常数从而导致算法鲁棒性相对较差的缺点,采用以个体适应度值最优的个体为基矢量,沿次优个体方向搜索的变异策略来提高算法的搜索速度;提出根据差分矢量大小和个体收敛情况自适应调整变异参数F和交叉概率CR的自适应参数调整策略来确保搜索初期种群的多样性和后期算法的局部搜索能力。并将基于该改进差分进化算法（MDE）优化后的PID控制器用于水厂加药凝絮过程的控制,仿真结果表明该算法收敛速度快,基于该算法的MDE-PID控制器性能好,是PID控制器参数整定的有效搜索方法,也是实现水厂加药凝絮过程良好控制的有效途径。     

双群体伪并行差分进化算法研究及应用

为了提高差分进化算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速率,本文提出了一种双群体伪并行差分进化算法.该算法结合差分进化算法DE/best/2/bin变异方式局部搜索能力强、收敛速度快,和DE/rand/1/bin变异方式全局搜索能力强、鲁棒性好的特点,采用串行算法结构实现并行差分进化算法独立进化、信息交换的思想.为使初始化个体均匀分布在搜索空间,提高算法收敛到全局最优解的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于平均熵的初始化策略.典型Benchmarks函数测试和非线性系统模型参数估计结果表明,该方法能显著提高算法的收敛速率和全局搜索能力.     

基于双变异模式协同的自适应微分进化算法

针对微分进化算法(DE)易陷入局部最优解、进化后期收敛速度慢、求解精度低等缺点,结合DE/rand/1和DE/best/1两种变异模式分别具有全局探索能力和局部开发能力的优点,引入精英存档策略和控制参数自适应策略,提出一种双变异模式协同自适应微分进化(DMCSaDE)算法.15个典型benchmark测试函数的实验结果表明,DMCSaDE能够有效提高算法的全局探索能力和局部开发能力,避免早熟收敛,大大提高算法的收敛性能和鲁棒性,同时,精英种群的大小对DMCSaDE的优化性能具有明显的影响.     

基于动态自适应策略的改进差分进化算法

针对差分进化算法处理复杂优化问题时存在后期收敛速度变慢、收敛精度不高和参数设置困难的问题,提出了一种基于动态自适应策略的改进差分进化算法(dn-DADE)。首先,新的变异策略DE/current-to-dnbest/1利用当前种群中的精英解引导有效的搜索方向来动态调整可选的精英解,使其在进化后期趋于全局最优解。其次,分别设计了缩放因子和交叉因子的自适应更新策略,使两者在搜索的不同阶段自适应变化,以弥补差分进化算法对参数敏感的不足,进一步提高算法的稳定性和鲁棒性。对14个benchmark函数进行了测试并与多种先进DE改进算法进行了比较,结果显示,dn-DADE算法具有较高的求解精度,收敛速度快,寻优性能显著。     

基于改进差分进化算法的机械臂运动学逆解

以9自由度液压机械臂为研究对象,建立求解位姿逆解的非线性方程组.以末端执行器位姿误差最小为优化指标建立目标函数,将非线性方程求解问题转化为最优化问题,并应用差分进化(DE)算法求解该问题.首先,为了避免位置和姿态收敛精度的不同,引入自适应权值系数进行平衡.然后,为克服基本DE算法难以平衡全局探索能力和局部开发能力的缺陷,结合DE/rand/1/bin和DE/best/1/bin两种进化模式,改进自适应变异差分进化(SAMDE)算法,提高了算法的收敛精度和收敛速度.最后,采用对称映射法对不满足关节角边界范围的个体进行处理,提高了收敛精度.开展了与基本DE算法的对比试验,仿真结果表明,该算法的收敛精度和收敛速度优于基本差分进化算法,且能够大幅度提高算法的稳定性.     

基于双种群两阶段变异策略的差分进化算法

针对差分进化算法差分策略优化问题上的不足, 解决DE/best/1策略全局探测能力差, DE/rand/1局部搜索能力弱而带来的鲁棒性降低及陷入局部最优等问题, 本文在差分策略上进行改进, 并且加入邻域分治思想提高进化效率, 提出一种基于双种群两阶段变异策略的差分进化算法(TPSDE). 第一个阶段利用DE/best/1的优势对邻域向量划分完成的子种群区域进行局部优化, 第二个阶段借鉴DE/rand/1的思想实现全局优化, 最终两阶段向量加权得到最终变异个体使得算法避免了过早收敛和搜索停滞等问题的出现. 6个测试函数的仿真实验结果表明TPSDE在收敛速度、优化精度和鲁棒性方面都得到了明显改善.     

改进自适应微分进化算法求解全局优化问题

针对微分进化(DE: differential evolution)算法在进化后期收敛速度慢,收敛精度低,易陷入局部最优解等缺点。本文通过改进DE的变异方程,并引入一种新的控制参数自适应策略,提出了一种改进自适应微分进化(IADE: improved adaptive differential evolution)算法。进化过程中IADE将根据个体适应值与父代平均适应值之间的关系动态地调整控制参数。同时,采用10个常用于优化算法比较的标准函数对IADE和其它改进DE算法进行对比试验,实验结果表明IADE算法不仅能够显著地提高收敛速度和收敛精度,而且具有非常好的鲁棒性,从而使得该算法能够满足过程优化的实时性、准确性以及稳定性要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.