基于图像特征的边缘检测

针对传统边缘检测算子在检测效果与抗噪方面的不足,提出基于图像特征的边缘检测方法,综合考虑图像的梯度特征、相位特征以及噪声的影响,以方向能量和由直方图差分算子计算的亮度梯度为图像特征进行边缘检测。对提取的特征值进行训练,得到边缘点与非边缘点的特征均值;依据近邻准则对检测图像的特征值分类,提取边缘;建立评价函数评价边缘的质量。仿真结果表明该算法可以取得很好的检测效果,同时具有一定的抗噪声性。     

图像场方向导数的局部区域重建

目的 目前图像修复的研究是以人眼不能察觉为目标,注重视觉效果而不追求重建的准确性。本文提出一种能准确重建图像缺损边缘的重建算法。方法 采用稳定场作为图像局部纹理的数学物理描述,提出基于点源影响函数的图像局部区域重建模型,该模型针对每一个缺损点,计算周围各已知点对它的影响,以期较为准确地重建该点;并根据该场中的方向导数,分析各已知点与缺损点的差异性及相似性,确定一种点源影响函数的计算方法,以实现该重建模型。结果 实验结果表明所提算法与传统修复算法相比,对图像边缘及纹理细节的重建更加清晰,同时保持了较好的整体视觉效果;且重建过程无迭代计算,具有较高的效率。结论 实验结果表明,该算法在重建效率和准确重建方面均取得了较好的成果。     

保持边缘特征和增强对比度的图像缩放算法

图像的边缘信息和对比度是影响人体视觉的最主要因素。提出一种能够同时保持边缘特征和增强对比度的图像缩放新方法。通过边缘检测算法、边缘梯度增强以及梯度图的低通滤波算法,得到新的梯度图,再通过求解泊松方程得到重建的图像。由于对图像边缘作了特殊处理,从而避免在图像缩放过程中丢失边缘信息。该方法可以同时保持特征以及增加图像的对比度,从而更好地展现图像的细节。实验结果表明,本文方法能应用于一般图像和医学图像的缩放和增强等应用中。     

一种矿井巷道图像边缘检测算法

针对传统的Canny算法在处理模糊的矿井巷道图像时存在边缘提取效果较差的问题,提出了一种基于小波变换和Canny算法的矿井巷道图像边缘检测算法。该算法首先对矿井巷道原始图像做小波分解,获得低频图像和高频图像,从而避免模糊图像对边缘检测效果的影响;然后采用Canny算法计算低频图像和高频图像的一阶差分,获得低频图像和高频图像的梯度图,通过计算局部梯度最大值,获得高频图像和低频图像的边缘图;当高频图像的边缘图上出现间断点时,在低频图像的边缘图中检测该点的8点邻域,寻找连接点,即可得到完整的矿井巷道边缘检测图。实验结果表明,与传统的Canny算法相比,该算法能够检测到较多的图像边缘点,具有较好的边缘连接效果。     

FPGA中实现Bayer模板双线性插值算法的改进

针对单板CMOS图像传感器采集的Bayer模板的数据,结合FPGA硬件结构FIFO_DFF构成3×3插值模板,提出一种改进的双线性插值算法。插值过程中利用当前要还原的分量同通道的水平、垂直以及两个对角线方向上的已知分量进行边缘检测,用梯度小的方向的分量进行插值还原缺失的分量。实验结果表明,在FPGA中使用该算法插值得到的图像色彩准确,增强了图像的边缘和细节,图像清晰度高。     

一种精确的自适应图像边缘提取方法

针对传统Canny算子需要人为指定参数和阈值等问题,提出一种自适应图像边缘提取方法。该方法使用改进的自适应中值滤波对图像去噪;用8点邻域梯度计算方法自适应计算滤波后图像梯度的幅值;根据图像的梯度信息特征,用梯度的熵和标准差自适应地调整高低阈值。实验结果表明,与传统Canny算子相比,该算法在滤除图像噪声、保留细节边缘和保持边缘连通性方面都获得了不错的效果,提高了边缘检测的自动化程度,更具有实用性。     

基于梯度向量的交互式CT图像分割

首先采用旋转模板对图像进行平滑去噪处理，同时得到各像素点的梯度值方向，然后根据梯度值方向采用Are Weights方法计算各点的梯度值，这些方法的结合可以有效的降低噪声对灰度值计算的影响，得到了较好的梯度值图像。根据改进后的边缘检测方法，对边缘梯度信息进行最优化计算，选择最优的边缘点，最后将这些边缘点进行曲线拟合。实验结果显示该方法能有效地分割出胆囊图像。     

基于深度学习的卫星遥感图像边缘检测方法

为解决卫星遥感图像边缘模糊噪点过多,导致图像清晰度过低的问题,提出基于深度学习的卫星遥感图像边缘检测方法;利用Softmax分类器结构,提取边缘图像节点处的数据信息参量,遵循深度学习算法完成对图像信息的卷积与池化处理,基于CV算法实现基于深度学习的卫星遥感图像识别;根据尺度空间定义原则,确定边缘检测特征点所处位置,再联合梯度信息熵计算结果,完成对卫星遥感图像的拼接处理;分别计算一阶微分边缘算子、二阶微分边缘算子的具体数值,确定梯度幅值的取值区间,总结已知数值参量,建立完整的双阈值表达式,完成基于深度学习的卫星遥感图像边缘检测方法的设计;实验结果表明,应用所提方法后卫星遥感图像边缘节点处信噪比指标在55.1～62.7 dB范围内,图像模糊噪点个数最大为1.32×10⁵个,可获得较为清晰的遥感图像,在卫星遥感图像边缘精准检测方面具有较强的实用性。     

基于高斯小波的多尺度积图像边缘检测算法

图像的边缘是图像最重要的特征之一。由于边缘和噪声都是图像的高频分量,提取的图像边缘总是受到噪声的污染。针对边缘检测中存在的噪声问题,本文根据Mallat快速小波变换算法的思想,提出用高斯函数和其一阶导数分别作为低通和高通滤波器对图像进行多尺度分析。为了精确定位图像边缘,对各尺度的低频、水平、垂直和对角分量不进行下采样。然后提取不同尺度上的系数,利用多尺度积对噪声严重的图像进行边缘检测。最后根据边缘点的梯度方向,采用改进的局部梯度极大值搜索方法获得图像的单像素边缘。实验结果表明本文所提出的方法,能在被噪声污染严重的图像中提取图像的单像素边缘,且边缘图像信噪比高。     

一种基于梯度信息的SEM图像重建方法

针对集成电路制造过程中由扫描式电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)产生的灰度图像二值化问题,提出一种利用图像边缘的梯度信息、通过统计重建SEM图像的方法。用Otsu方法分析SEM图像的噪声组成,通过滤波去噪过程,用Kirsch算子分析图像的梯度信息,再利用图像外边缘的梯度大于内边缘的梯度的特性,对每一个区域进行分类统计,根据统计信息进行最后的图像填充。实验结果表明,该算法在高分辨率的图像下显示出了高稳定性和高度自动化;在低分辨率的图像下,该方法有效避免了边缘提取失败带来的影响,能正确、完整地重建图像。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.