界面层对激光减反膜的影响研究

激光技术的发展对减反膜提出了超高透过率的要求,基板的表面特征在高精度减反膜的设计与制造中不可忽略.选择熔融石英为基板,Ta2O5和SiO2为高低折射率膜层材料,针对在0 °入射角下工作的532 nm激光减反膜进行设计与分析,得到膜层内的电场分布.在模拟计算中将基板的表面粗糙度等效为等比例混合膜,计算分析了理想设计条件下...     

808nm大功率半导体激光器腔面光学膜工艺

用电子束蒸发离子辅助镀膜方法为808nm大功率半导体激光器镀制了SiO2/TiO2高反膜及SiO2或Al2O3减反膜,结果表明镀膜后激光器外微分量子效率明显提高(由0.7提高到1.24),而且可在一定范围内调节阈值电流密度,器件寿命也有很大提高.对这种方法所镀制的SiO2/TiO2膜用作808nm半导体激光器高反膜的可行性进行了分析和探讨,认为是一种可行的方法.     

用于四结太阳电池的多对TiO2/SiO2减反膜系的研究

随着GaInP/GaInAs/GaInNAs/Ge四结太阳电池的快速发展,设计并镀制可与四结太阳电池更加匹配的光学减反膜系变得尤为重要.实验中通过TFCale软件理论模拟了3对TiO2/SiO2(6层)减反膜系,其中理论模拟膜系与实际镀制膜系反射率曲线重合性良好.实际制备并讨论了离子源功率、薄膜物理厚度等参数对减反膜系反射率的影响.发现得到优异反射率的关键在于对第二层SiO2薄膜物理厚度的控制,尤其是在400～1 000 nm波段内.实验中制备的3对TiO2/SiO2(6层)减反膜系在280～1 400 nm波段内其反射率均小于10％,特别是在影响四结太阳电池限流结的GaInAs/GaInNAs两结波段(670～900 nm/900～1 100 nm)内,其反射率均在5％以下.     

808nm大功率半导体激光器腔面光学膜工艺

用电子束蒸发离子辅助镀膜方法为808nm大功率半导体激光器镀制了SiO2/TiO2高反膜及SiO2或Al2O3减反膜,结果表明镀膜后激光器外微分量子效率明显提高(由0.7提高到1.24),而且可在一定范围内调节阈值电流密度,器件寿命也有很大提高．对这种方法所镀制的SiO2/TiO2膜用作808nm半导体激光器高反膜的可行性进行了分析和探讨,认为是一种可行的方法．     

遗传算法设计电磁屏蔽减反膜

将电磁屏蔽层ITO薄膜作为一层光学薄膜,与TiO2、SiO2、MgF2一起,设计了宽带电磁屏蔽减反膜。给出了含有单层、双层、三层ITO的电磁屏蔽减反膜的膜系结构,其在可见光范围内剩余反射率均小于0.5%,满足ISO9211标准。该薄膜既具备光学减反效果,同时又具备电磁屏蔽功能,可以用作电磁屏蔽视窗。     

Si光电器件表面减反膜设计的数值分析

本文通过计算、分析在Si光电器件表面由SiO2、Si3N4及AI2O3组成的不同减反膜的反射损耗,得出了最优化的膜层组合。厚度为95nm的SiO2层是最佳的单层减反膜;进一步的优化可采用40nmSi3N4和40nmSiO2或45nm AI2O3和45nm SiO2组成的2层结构;3层或3层以上结构的反射损耗呈振荡性变化,不建议采用。     

TiO2/SiO2纳米多层膜光学特性研究

采用磁控溅射方法在玻璃基底上制备了TiO2／SiO2纳米多层膜,用椭偏仪测试了薄膜的厚度和折射率。黑体实验研究表明,TiO2／SiO2纳米多层膜在800nm～1600nm区域内对红外线的吸收较好,且吸收率随着温度的升高而增大。红外光谱研究表明, TiO2／SiO2纳米多层膜在2300cm-1～2900cm-1区域内对红外线的吸收较好。     

多孔性二氧化硅减反膜胶体规律性研究

溶胶凝胶法制备减反膜在高功率激光装置中有着重要运用,通过控制水与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)不同物质的量之比制备不同粒径大小的二氧化硅悬胶体及二氧化硅减反膜,可以研究悬胶体粒径大小对溶液及膜层的激光破坏阈值、光学减反效率稳定性影响。结果表明制备获得的多孔性SiO2减反膜透射率均高于99.5%,激光破坏阈值均大于62J/cm2(1064nm,15ns),其中粒径小的SiO2减反膜透射率达到99.75%,激光破坏阈值高达77.42J/cm2(1064nm,15ns)。随着水酯物质的量比值增大,悬胶体溶液平均粒径增大,当水酯物质的量比值大于3.5时粒径增大幅度加快;粒径在10nm以下的溶液具有优异的稳定性,溶液颗粒大小、粘度等性能基本保持不变。在不同湿度环境下研究不同粒径膜层的稳定性,所有膜层在高湿度环境中透射率有所下降,其中大粒径膜层下降更明显,化学膜更适合在湿度低的环境下使用。     

疏水性SiO_2基减反膜稳定性研究

在SiO2溶胶合成阶段进行化学改性,将六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)引入SiO2溶胶,制得稳定的胶体,胶体中SiO2纳米颗粒表面的亲水性Si-OH基团被疏水性的Si-O-Si(CH3)3基团取代。采用旋转法在磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体表面涂膜,涂膜晶体峰值透射率99%以上。膜层光学均匀性良好,表面粗糙度均方根值为0.94 nm。膜层疏水性能好,水接触角达到140°。涂制疏水性SiO2基减反膜的KDP晶体无需热处理就具有较好的疏水防潮性能,与目前激光器使用的防潮减反双层膜相比,在室温高湿度条件下涂膜晶体透射率下降情况大致相当。旋转涂膜可以有效解决三倍频晶体入光面与出光面共3个波段需减反的问题。     

双源电子束蒸发制备Si/SiO2光学薄膜的工艺

用双源电子束蒸发的方法,在K9玻璃基片上蒸镀Si和SiO2的混合膜.通过改变两种膜料蒸发速率的比例,得到的各个膜层,其折射率大小在两种膜料折射率之间的范围内变化.从实验上得出了混合膜层的折射率随Si和SiO2蒸发速率比变化的规律,并讨论了这种淀积方法的优越性.     

一种提高白光LED相关色温分布均匀性的方法

提出一种新的白光LED荧光粉涂敷方式,将荧光粉与硅胶混合体涂敷在白光LED封装用透镜内侧,将透镜倒置后使荧光粉与硅胶混合体由透镜内侧中心点向四周流散,固化得到厚度相对比较均匀的荧光粉层,然后再用硅胶灌封。根据这种新的荧光粉涂敷方式制成白光LED样品,对样品性能进行测试,并与传统的荧光粉涂敷方式的白光LED比较,结果表明,采用新的荧光粉涂层技术制成的白光LED,在相关色温均匀性和稳定性等方面都有明显的提高。     

Lubricant‐Infused Nanoparticulate Coatings Assembled by Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition

Omniphobic coatings are designed to repel a wide range of liquids without leaving stains on the surface. A practical coating should exhibit stable repellency, show no interference with color or transparency of the underlying substrate and, ideally, be deposited in a simple process on arbitrarily shaped surfaces. We use layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition of negatively charged silica nanoparticles and positively charged polyelectrolytes to create nanoscale surface structures that are further surface‐functionalized with fluorinated silanes and infiltrated with fluorinated oil, forming a smooth, highly repellent coating on surfaces of different materials and shapes. We show that four or more LbL cycles introduce sufficient surface roughness to effectively immobilize the lubricant into the nanoporous coating and provide a stable liquid interface that repels water, low‐surface‐tension liquids and complex fluids. The absence of hierarchical structures and the small size of the silica nanoparticles enables complete transparency of the coating, with light transmittance exceeding that of normal glass. The coating is mechanically robust, maintains its repellency after exposure to continuous flow for several days and prevents adsorption of streptavidin as a model protein. The LbL process is conceptually simple, of low cost, environmentally benign, scalable, automatable and therefore may present an efficient synthetic route to non‐fouling materials.     

基于电场操控面形的非球面复合透镜制作

介绍了一种制作非球面复合透镜的新方法.根据电场作用改变液滴透镜面形的原理,利用SU-8光固胶直接在双凹透镜表面制作液滴复合透镜,以电场作用操控液滴复合透镜的面形得到非球面,并实时检测其面形和焦斑图像,在检测到较好的透镜面形和聚焦状态时,用紫外光固化得到低像差的非球面复合透镜.研制了基于电场操控面形的非球面复合透镜制作实验平台,实验检测并讨论了复合透镜在电场中的变形,计算了其主曲率和焦距的变化规律.与原有的平凸非球面液滴透镜相比,此透镜具有更长的焦距和更大的变焦范围,并能保持低像差,改进了基于电场操控面形的非球面透镜制作技术,拓宽了非球面液滴透镜的应用范围.     

掺入有机硅提高溶胶-凝胶二氧化硅减反膜的稳定性研究

膜层稳定性对于激光器能否长期稳定使用极为重要。多孔SiO2减反膜经热处理后,结构中还存在许多Si-OH亲水基团,透过率稳定性受环境相对湿度的影响较大。向膜层中掺入有机硅,添加疏水基团,提高了膜层的疏水性,增强了膜层的透过率稳定性。膜层中加了Si-CH3疏水基团,膜层的疏水性大大提高;当Si-CH3与二氧化硅悬胶体中的Si的摩尔比为1/5.7时,即Si-CH3质量分数为0.35%时的二氧化硅膜层,其减反效果好,疏水性也高,从而大幅度提高了膜层的透过率稳定性,延长了膜层的寿命,对二氧化硅膜层具有高激光损伤阈值的性能没有影响。     

非球面液滴微透镜的轮廓测量方法

对液滴透镜面形的精确测量是用液滴法制作非球面液滴透镜的关键问题之一。提出了一种基于数字图像处理的测量非球面液滴微透镜轮廓的方法,利用光学成像系统将非球面液滴透镜的轮廓成像在CCD接收面上,通过图像采集卡读入计算机,并经图像处理得出透镜面形表达式,以便研究液滴微透镜在不同电场强度下轮廓的变化规律。图像处理的主要步骤包括：对特定区域采取平滑预处理,去除噪声;利用阈值法将灰度图二值化;对二值化后的图像进行轮廓检测;提出了一种简单有效的方法矫正图像的水平偏转;对矫正过后的液滴轮廓的数据进行多项式拟合,分析液滴透镜在不同电压下的各个拟合参数的变化。实验证明：这种方法用于测量非球面液滴微透镜简单、有效,解决了非球面微透镜制作过程中的液滴轮廓的实时测量问题,有助于低像差非球面液滴微透镜的研制。     

Photoresponsive Sponge‐Like Coating for On‐Demand Liquid Release

Many publications report on stimuli responsive coatings, but only a few on the controlled release of species in order to change the coating surface properties. A sponge‐like coating that is able to release and absorb a liquid upon exposure to light has been developed. The morphology of the porous coating is controlled by the smectic liquid crystal properties of the monomer mixture prior to its polymerization, and homeotropic order is found to give the largest contraction. The fast release of the liquid can be induced by a macroscopic contraction of the coating caused by a trans to cis conversion of a copolymerized azobenzene moiety. The liquid secretion can be localized by local light exposure or by creating a surface relief. The uptake of liquid proceeds by stimulating the back reaction of the azo compound by exposure at higher wavelength or by thermal relaxation. The surface forces of the sponge‐like coating in contact with an opposing surface can be controlled by light‐induced capillary bridging revealing that the controlled release of liquid gives access to tunable adhesion.     

Template‐Free Sol‐Gel Preparation of Superhydrophobic ORMOSIL Films for Double‐Wavelength Broadband Antireflective Coatings

A double‐layer double‐wavelength antireflective (AR) coating with 100% transmittance at both 1064 nm and 532 nm, which is very important in high power laser systems, is designed using thin film design software (TFCalc). The refractive indices for the bottom and top layers of the designed AR coating are about 1.30 and 1.14. A simple, template‐free sol‐gel route is proposed to prepare the superhydrophobic ORMOSIL (organically modified silicate) thin film, which has an ultralow refractive index, by silica particle surface modification using hexamethylisilazane (HMDS); this treatment decreases the refractive index of the silica thin film from 1.23 to 1.13. The formation mechanism of the ultralow refractive index thin film is proposed. The particle surface modification with HMDS significantly improves the hydrophobicity of the coated film; the water contact angle of the film increases from 23.4° to 160°. The bottom layer, which has a refractive index of 1.30, is prepared from acid‐catalyzed and base‐catalyzed mixed silica sol. A double‐layer silica AR coating is obtained with transmittances of 99.6% and 99.8% at 532 nm and 1064 nm, respectively.     

溶胶-凝胶多孔二氧化硅减反膜稳定性研究

多孔SiO2膜层经热处理后，具有很高的激光破坏阈值，但是结构中有许多Si-OH亲水基团，导致光学透过率受环境相对湿度的影响很大。实验目的是改善膜层内部结构，使膜层结构中的亲水基团转变为疏水基团。提高膜层的疏水性，增强膜层的透过率稳定性。系统地研究了膜层透过率随时间变化的规律，在氨气和六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)混合气氛下热处理膜层，处理后生成Si-O-Si(CH2)3非极性疏水基团，使膜层的疏水性大大提高，因而膜层的透过率稳定性有大幅度提高。稳定性的提高延长了膜层的寿命。处理后膜层的表面粗糙度良好，均方根表面粗糙度(RMS)为3．575，平均粗糙度(RA)为2．850，能够满足大型激光器精密化发展的要求。     

非制冷热释电薄膜红外探测器热绝缘结构的研制

采用由多孔 Si O2 薄膜和过渡 Si O2 薄膜组成的复合薄膜结构实现了非制冷热释电薄膜红外探测器的热绝缘 .利用溶胶凝胶方法制备了多孔 Si O2 薄膜以及过渡 Si O2 薄膜 ,通过优化制备工艺 ,使得多孔 Si O2 一次成膜厚度达到30 70 nm ,孔率达到 5 9% ;过渡 Si O2 一次成膜的厚度达到 1 88nm,孔率达到 4 % .AFM表明 ,由过渡 Si O2 薄膜与多孔Si O2 组成的复合薄膜结构的表面粗糙度远小于多孔 Si O2 薄膜的表面粗糙度 .该热绝缘结构有利于探测器后续各层功能薄膜的集成     

Through a lens sharply [FluidFocus lens]

Philips Research Laboratories has developed the FluidFocus lens that is ideal not only for camera phones but also in products whose design constraints demand a tiny but capable optical system. Like the lens of the human eye, the FluidFocus lens varies its focus by changing shape rather than by changing the relative positions of multiple lenses. The lens uses electrostatic forces to alter the shape of a drop of slightly salty water inside a glass cylinder 3 mm in diameter and 2.2 mm long. One end of the cylinder points toward the image plane while the other is directed at the subject being imaged. The cylinder containing the water drop is filled with oil. Around the inside walls of the cylinder is a water-repellent Teflon-like coating, and behind this coating is an electrode. Basically, the water and the oil makes up the lens, and the shape of the interface between the two determines its focal length. The optical power of the lens that forms at the surface between the oil and the water depends on the curvature of the meniscus and the difference between the refractive indices of the oil and water.