直线感应加速器聚焦段的模拟

介绍了直线感应加速器聚焦段的结构模型,成功地使用了非均匀网格模型,实现了对直线感应加速器聚焦段的三维数值建模。利用独立编写的螺线管线圈和磁透镜计算程序,将磁元件的场分布设置到三维模型中。模型结合PIC与FDTD方法模拟聚焦段内电子注的传输、聚焦过程,并将结果与文献做比较,验证了模拟的正确性。模拟结果对直线感应加速器聚焦段的调试有一定的指导意义,为试验调节节省开支。     

基于频域最小二乘APES的非均匀多基线SAR层析成像算法

基于非均匀立体构型多基线SAR的层析成像主要存在两个难题,一是混合基线引起的二次相位误差问题,二是非均匀基线引起的散焦问题。针对二次相位误差问题,该文首次分析并推导了多基线SAR各方向基线对不同位置散射点干涉相位的影响,并根据它们结构的不同,分别采用相位补偿和变量代换技术进行了修正;针对非均匀基线引起的散焦问题,该文提出了基于信噪比加权的频域最小二乘幅度相位估计(Amplitude and Phase EStimation, APES)算法,实现了非均匀基线情况下的高度维聚焦。仿真数据和ALOS星载SAR实测数据的实验结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

机载双基地雷达杂波距离依赖补偿方法

针对杂波距离依赖造成空时自适应处理器性能下降问题,提出一种基于最小二乘估计的聚焦矩阵补偿方法。首先,利用最小二乘方法估计杂波幅度,选取幅度较大的杂波点;其次,根据杂波点的空时导向矢量求解聚焦矩阵,通过聚焦矩阵直接对训练数据进行线性变换;最后,根据变换后的数据估计出待检测单元的杂波噪声协方差矩阵,进而求出自适应权值矢量。该方法采用非均匀采样求解聚焦矩阵,杂波抑制性能更好,仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。      

微波准光学聚焦系统空间辐射场分布测试

针对研制的大功率微波(HPM)大气等离子体实验装置中一定封闭空间内微波准光学聚焦系统的空间辐射场强分布进行测试研究。由于需测量封闭有限空间内强电磁场的非均匀分布,直接采用HPM辐射场测试方法已不适用。利用研制的非金属传动装置,精确控制相对步进,采用各向同性场测试探头作为电场测试接收系统,通过量传完成小信号辐射场的非均匀分布测试。     

新型碳纳米管场发射显示器自会聚阴极的计算机模拟

提出了一种新型阴极结构使发射电子束会聚以减小像素。用ANSYS软件模拟凹面阴极CNT-FED的发射过程。将凹面阴极发射与平面阴极发射进行比较,并对影响会聚的重要参数进行研究。试验结果表明,凹面阴极发射电子束会聚明显。随着凹面曲率逐渐变大,电子束会聚增强,阳极光斑半径逐渐减小。进一步增大凹面曲率,电子束发生交叉,光斑半径逐渐变大。适当的参数组合可使电子束会聚在阳极上很小的区域内,自会聚阴极可用于低功耗CNT-FED的设计。     

基于特征基函数的柱面共形吸波超材料的优化设计

针对吸波超材料与柱面载体共形时其吸波性能变差的问题,提出了一种非均匀单元方案及其优化设计方法.在柱面共形设计中,根据吸波超材料在无曲率变化方向上的周期性建立周期边界条件.基于特征基函数法的子块划分个数通过周期边界条件进行压缩,降低了矩阵方程求解维度,提高了优化设计速度.通过遗传算法优化,得到一组非均匀单元设计参数,并进行加工和实测.仿真和实测结果表明,所设计的非均匀单元方案改善了柱面共形对吸波超材吸波性能的影响,在2.8~8.0GHz频段内实现了良好的雷达散射截面积减缩特性.     

基于弯曲损耗的光纤温度传感器

为了推导多模光纤弯曲损耗与弯曲半径、环境温度的关系,采用了WKB法求解非均匀直光纤的传播模数,并将弯曲光纤的有效折射率、弯曲光纤截止传播常数和光纤的热光效应同时引入到非均匀直光纤有效传播模数中。利用多模光纤进行实验验证,研制出测温灵敏度为0.1/℃、测温范围为10℃～70℃的光纤温度传感器。结果表明,弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的增大而减小,随环境温度的升高而减小,可以利用弯曲损耗测量环境温度。     

基于两步方位重采样的中轨SAR聚焦方法

中轨轨道显著的弯曲特性导致中轨SAR信号存在2维空变,因此大场景成像对于中轨SAR仍然是个难题。该文使用参数2维空变的4阶多项式模型对信号进行建模。同时提出一种基于两步方位插值的信号方位空变校正方法,通过方位时域重采样可以校正参考距离上不同方位目标点的多普勒调频率的线性和2次空变,距离向利用CS/RMA算法即可校正场景中所有点目标的距离徙动,而第2步多普勒重采样则能够校正剩余的多普勒参数的空变特性,包括剩余的距离方位耦合空变,以及高阶多普勒参数空变。通过两步插值法能够完全校正整个场景目标信号的方位空变特性,使得传统频域成像算法可以应用于中轨SAR的大场景聚焦。最后通过所提方法与参考方法的仿真结果对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于视觉识别的激光在线轮胎打标控制系统

论述了利用机器视觉图像处理及打标技术实现激光在线轮胎打标控制的基本原理和实现方法.为了克服轮胎打标现场光线照度不均匀、轮胎表面留有不均匀的润滑油等恶劣的环境,基于DALSA图像软件处理系统,提出一种改进的识别图像的方法.用VC++6.0开发了整个系统的图像处理软件和系统控制软件, 该软件能在流水线上自动判别打标的位置,能根据计算机处理后的图像信息来调整光束偏转、自动地调节焦距进行标刻,极大提高了定位精度,简化了聚焦过程,减少打标产生的废品,目前已成功地应用于激光轮胎在线打标系统中.     

In situ microwave characterization of nonplanar dielectric objects

In this paper, a novel experimental solution is presented for the nondestructive, noncontact, and in situ characterization of dielectric objects of curved shape using a spot-focused freespace measurement system. Measurements were made on Plexiglas and glass samples of cylindrical shape with different radii of curvature, and the complex permittivities were computed from the measured S₂₁ and S₁₂. Comparing the results with planar samples shows that the curvature does not significantly affect the accuracy of the measured permittivity of cylindrical surfaces if the radii of curvature are large compared to the size of the focusing spot. Results for a number of curved samples agree with the published data and this demonstrates the usefulness of a spot-focused free-space system for in situ characterization and evaluation of materials and complex structures during processing and fabrication. The other benefit of this approach is the noncontact nature of the method, which permits measurement of solids and liquids in high/low-temperature environments. The spot-focused beam permits characterization of small or large samples     

基于LED的小目标主动式三角对焦技术研究

主动式三角对焦法因其结构简单、测试速度快、使用方便灵活等优点,在自动化生产、工业测量等领域有着的巨大应用价值而受到广泛关注。但是在面对小目标被测物体或具有如曲率较大等非常规表面的物体时存在可能丢失目标的问题。针对这一问题,综合LED具有大照明视场的特点,本文提出了一种基于LED的小目标主动式三角对焦方法,从理论和实验两方面对该方法测量小目标和非常规表面物体距离的能力进行了验证。实验结果表明,该模型的实际测试值与理论分析值基本吻合,证明了该模型的实用性,拓宽了激光三角测距技术的应用范围。     

非均匀热气体红外辐射特性计算与仿真

非均匀热气体由于内部空间点的温度、密度、组分及压力各不相同,其红外辐射特性的计算十分困难.为了计算非均匀热气体的红外辐射特性,首先从分析非均匀热气体特点和均匀热气体的谱带模型出发,以原子分子辐射理论为基础,结合谱线的碰撞展宽效应和多普勒展宽效应,利用单谱带模型Cunis-Godson(C-G)近似法对非均匀热气体谱带模型所用到的谱带模型参数进行了计算,提出一种计算非均匀热气体红外辐射特性的方法.最后,应用此方法计算了某单发动机喷气式飞机在非加力状态下尾焰3～5μm的红外辐射强度,计算结果与文献中给出的实际测量的尾焰红外辐射数据能较好地吻合,计算仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性.     

Azimuthally periodic electrostatically focused electron ribbon beams

Methods of enhancing transmission of ribbon-shaped electron beams undergoing circular motion in azimuthally periodic cylindrical electrostatic lenses are treated. Lens forces add to the naturally occurring curvature focusing to achieve this increase in beam transmission. Three basic configurations, differing only in the method of applying lens voltages, are treated: symmetrical focusing, deflection focusing, and asymmetric focusing (including inner and outer electrode segmentation). Expressions for beam perveance and rippling are derived from the paraxial-ray equation for thin electron ribbons advancing along a two-dimensional curved optical axis. The stiffness of azimuthally periodic electrostatically focused electron ribbons (i.e., the immunity of the beam to transverse disturbing forces) also receives attention. Mathematical extensions of the analysis to ribbon beams undergoing helical motion are discussed, and numerical results applicable to selected values of lens parameters are presented. Experimental results for an azimuthally periodic lens, constructed to test the analysis, are discussed in light of the theory developed.     

管道式固体材料微波加热装置的仿真设计*

为了解决工业上固体材料在微波加热过程中普遍存在的能量不集中、效率低、加热不均匀的问题,提 出了一种管道式固体材料微波加热装置的设计方案。利用多物理场仿真对固体材料微波加热均匀性影响因素进行 分析,并优化了微波馈入装置的分布和管道结构,仿真表明该装置具有较好的加热均匀性和较高的效率。基于优化 后的设计,计算了褐煤在微波加热时的温度分布情况,其温度场的变异系数COV 值达到0.166,表明温度分布具有 良好的均匀性。该装置实现了对褐煤的微波均匀加热,对固体材料微波加热的工业应用具有指导意义。     

电光晶体用于快速变焦的设计

在利用晶体的电光效应实现快速变焦时,需要合理地设计电光晶体及电极结构。基于晶体电光效应的基本原理,提出了其设计的基本原则和思路,并通过对一次电光晶体(铌酸锂晶体)和二次电光晶体(钽铌酸钾晶体)内部非均匀电场及其总附加光程的模拟和比较,获得了优化的电光晶体及电极设计结果。在此基础上,开展了电光晶体用于快速变焦设计的性能分析,并讨论了电光晶体长度、外加电压等参数对总附加光程的影响。结果表明:电光晶体的附加光程调制的曲率半径随控制电压增大而减小,在加载电压不变的情况下随晶体厚度的增大而增大。因此,在实际应用中,需要对晶体厚度和加载电压综合进行考虑,以获得最佳的变焦效果。     

UWB SAR图像的非均匀分段PGA算法

在超宽带合成孔径雷达(UWB SAR)成像过程中,由于载机偏航所导致的相位误差具有严重的距离向空变性,因此需要沿距离向分段应用相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)算法以改善PGA算法的聚焦性能.本文分析了载机空间偏航位置与相位误差空变特性之间的关系,提出了图像非均匀分段PGA(NUSPGA)算法,并从理论上对算法进行了推导.文中还提出了参考点对齐法以校正分段聚焦后子图像间的平移失真问题.最后由实测数据验证了本文所提算法的有效性.     

Transverse effects associated with the propagation of coherent optical pulses in resonant media

Analytical and numerical methods are used to study the transverse reshaping that occurs when ultrashort optical pulses propagate through media resonant to the pulse-carrier frequency. The field is described by the scalar quasi-optic equation, and the material system by the full Bloch equations describing a distribution of homogeneously broadened two-level molecules. Transverse derivatives in the field equation provide the coupling leading to the development of radially dependent frequency variations and phase curvature. We have studied the origin and evolution of transverse energy flow and investigated the conditions under which this leads to significant coherent self-focusing. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset and development of the focusing phenomenon are discussed and related to other types of self-confinement of optical pulses.     

Design of non-uniform circular antenna arrays for side lobe reduction using the method of genetic algorithms

A design problem of non-uniform circular antenna arrays for maximal side lobe level reduction with the constraint of a fixed beam width is dealt with. This problem is modeled as a simple optimization problem. The method of genetic algorithms is used to determine an optimum a set of weights and antenna element separations that provide a radiation pattern with maximal side lobe level reduction with the constraint of a fixed beam width. The effectiveness of genetic algorithms for the design of non-uniform circular arrays is shown by means of experimental results. Experimental results reveal that design of non-uniform circular antenna arrays using the method of genetic algorithms provides a considerable side lobe level reduction with respect to the uniform case.     

基于频域稀疏非均匀采样的雷达目标一维高分辨成像

 雷达目标的高分辨距离像具有稀疏和可压缩的特点,可以在频域进行稀疏非均匀采样获得目标的宽带散射数据,再通过恰当的信号处理手段得到一维高分辨像.本文描述了基于频域稀疏非均匀采样的雷达一维成像数学模型,从参数估计的角度比较了稀疏非均匀采样与均匀采样的成像性能,提出了非均匀采样点选取方法;分别应用参数估计方法和稀疏像重构方法实现了基于频域稀疏非均匀采样的雷达目标一维高分辨成像.采用暗室测量数据比较了两种方法的性能,验证了频域稀疏非均匀采样在降低数据量、提高分辨力方面的优势.     

A new concept of focusing antennas using plane-parallel Fabry-Perot cavities with nonuniform mirrors

An original configuration of low-profile directive antennas is presented in V-band. The focusing effect is performed by a plane-parallel Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator illuminated by a printed antenna. Both reflecting mirrors are made of metal strip gratings. The dimensions of the strips and slots of the nonperiodic output mirror are much smaller than the working wavelength; they are computed locally so that this mirror behaves as a spherical equiphase surface. Theoretical and experimental results show that the radiation patterns are symmetric and have low sidelobes. The antenna directivity is controlled by the value of the synthesized radius of curvature, that is to say by the nonperiodic distribution of the metal strips. It typically varies between 15 and 23.5 dB at 60 GHz. This new radiating structure is much more compact than substrate lenses and is compatible with low-cost multilayer technologies at millimeter wave frequencies. This is a possible candidate for user mobile-stations of indoor broadband communication systems.