通过使用人物角色和情景分析的方法来进行以用户为中心的设计

本文通过分析现代网络社会的趋势,对于用户体验和以用户为中心的设计作了深入思考。通过对各个方面的任务分解,将目前网站及软件设计项目的流程进行分析,主要使用人物角色和情景讲述的例子进行用户角度的分析。详细介绍了一套系统的以用户为中心的设计的方法,以便更好的设计软件和网站。     

一种笔式用户界面软件领域模型及其应用

笔式用户界面软件以其自然、高效的交互方式,在很多领域中有着广泛的应用.笔式用户界面软件具有以交互为中心、用户个性化需求高的特点,由此也决定了用户在软件设计中的主导地位.以用户为中心的设计的关键问题在于,如何使用户的思想如实地反映到设计中.通过建立笔式用户界面软件特征模型PUIDM(thedomain model for pen-based user interface software),构造了一个连接用户与软件设计的平台.从上下文、软件实体、界面特征、体系结构等角度,对该模型的建立进行分析,并给出了相应的XML描述.在此基础上,描述了用户使用该模型进行软件设计的过程.实例表明,PUIDM能够正确引导用户进行设计,将用户意图充分地引入到软件设计和最终实现中,使软件满足可用性要求.     

基于人物角色的产品用户需求获取方法研究

为了使产品设计能深入满足用户的真实需求,在设计开发前期有效准确获取用户需求就变得十分关键。提出了一种基于人物角色模型的产品用户需求获取的新方法。通过场景细分确定典型用户,结合5W2H法提炼构建用户人物角色模型,通过KJ法对人物角色模型中提炼的用户需求进行聚类,得到典型用户需求指标体系。使用改进后的主观赋权法确定参数的权重,加权各方案并比较最终确定用户需求。并以无线移动终端产品造型设计为例进行说明。     

高校业务管理系统中权限模型的研究与实现

为解决传统的基于角色的访问控制(RBAC)在高校业务管理系统中的局限性,提出了一种改进的权限模型,引进了用户组的概念,该模型在角色与用户之间添加用户组,将角色直接授权给用户组,而不是用户,传统的为用户分配角色就转化为用户组分配角色,而在权限上将权限具体分为数据权限和操作权限两种,分别用独立的建模软件和Web浏览器设置,使之具有高效、灵活的特点,非常适合高校的业务管理系统,最后给出了新模型的设计与实现.     

论坛社区用户时空特征建模与挖掘

用户建模是提供个性化服务的基础工作.结合数据挖掘在论坛社区系统中的运用,把言论行为建模为数据记录,提出基于时空特征属性的用户模型(spatiotemporal feature based user model)表示和挖掘算法.不同于传统的基于文本特征的用户模型,SFBUM提供了量化的用户在时间和空间维度上行为特征的描述,并通过实验表明该模型的稳定性以及在社区用户角色分类上的运用.     

基于角色的用户权限管理和功能模块的动态加载

介绍了基于角色的用户权限管理模型以及功能模块的动态加载技术,论述了基于角色的用户权限管理模型以及功能模块的动态加载技术在应用系统中的重要性,并以大洋渔业渔获信息管理系统为例,给出了基于角色的用户权限管理以及功能模块动态加载的设计思路和具体实现。在大洋渔业渔获信息管理系统中,通过使用基于角色的用户权限管理模型和功能模块动态加载技术,简化了用户管理难度,为系统提供了安全性和灵活性。     

智能卡管理信息系统中数据库技术的应用

介绍了数据库技术在智能卡管理信息系统中的应用。以智能卡酒店消费管理信息系统为例,在系统分析的基础上采用实体-联系法对服务器端数据库进行建模;平衡规范化和非规范化规则,采用完整性约束机制构建数据库表结构;存储过程技术与事务机制配合使用,来减少网络数据流量,增强数据访问的完整性和一致性;最后介绍了基于角色和用户的系统访问管理机制。     

远程教学系统的设计与实现

本文以我校远程函授教学为案例,介绍基于B/S模式的远程教学系统在实际教学过程中的必要性,并从系统用户角色角度对其实现过程中采用的系统模型、功能结构和系统安全性等方面进行论述。     

基于用户集扩展的任务和角色访问控制模型

通过分析基于任务和角色的访问控制模型,以及静态授权和动态授权各自的优缺点,针对目前访问控制模型很少考虑企业组织结构对其实现影响的不足,引入企业人员的组织方式,提出了一种基于用户集扩展的任务和角色访问控制模型,并详细介绍了建模思想.其基本思想是因企业人员具有一个固定的职能角色和多个动态的业务角色,职能角色采用静态授权、业务角色采用动态授权.最后利用形式化描述对模型进行了验证,并简述了其实现的策略.     

基于角色的设计模式形式建模及演化

重用设计在改善软件开发过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视.面向对象的软件设计模式概念的提出为软件设计的重用打开了新的局面.但在设计模式的具体应用中存在实现、文档和组合的问题.给出了一种基于角色的设计模式形式建模方法,将类、类属性、类之间的关系等都看作角色,并用形式建模语言Object-Z形式表示这些角色,可有效地解决设计模式实例化时存在的问题.基于角色的设计模式形式模型在演化时也基于角色进行演化,将模式的演化分为角色层演化和模式层演化,模式层演化是由多个角色层演化组成的.演化后的模型可以通过定理证明器验证与前模型是否保持一致.     

Cooking personas: Goal-directed design requirements in the kitchen

Technology to assist people in the kitchen has become a major research topic as technology becomes more ubiquitous in the home. Research is being carried out in numerous areas to assist with cooking, from solving difficulties in the kitchen to more recently enhancing already good experiences related to cooking. To design solutions that are not only usable, but useful in all related aspects of cooking, we must get a good understanding of the needs of the user. It is important that real needs are identified, so that products or systems designed are adopted and are sustainable. There are various methods that researchers and designers use to gain user insights and there is much debate on different approaches and their effectiveness. Whilst there have been a number of ethnographic style studies in people's homes, there has been little in the way of understanding user goals in the kitchen which could lead to more effective design solutions. In this paper, we present goal-directed research of cooking needs in Singapore. We produce three primary design personas and three secondary personas, describing their goals and needs and where they can be helped through technology. An online survey was carried out to validate our personas, comparing our qualitative and quantitative findings. We provide a general holistic overview of kitchen requirements for these personas, whether in helping correct problems or enhancing positive experiences and how these needs can be connected. The user requirements provided can help guide researchers and help designers produce more meaningful, complete and acceptable technology solutions in the kitchen.     

A Qualitative Design Approach for Exploring the Use of Medication and Health Care Devices among Elderly Persons

An academia–industry collaborative research project regarding design for elderly persons was initiated to investigate their living needs and potential design opportunities for new technologies and products. In the first year, a qualitative design approach for exploring their use of medication and health care devices was proposed. First, a user study was conducted using self‐reporting, observation, and interview methods. Four personas representing different lifestyle patterns of elderly persons were then derived from the user study data. Finally, four designers were invited to present and synthesize their design ideas for those personas. Results showed that the user study could reveal considerable information and that the persona method was effective for designers to communicate their ideas and concentrate on user requirements. The study findings suggested that, for design for elderly persons, social and affective factors can be considered with decline in age‐related abilities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A Conversation with Alan Cooper: The Origin of Interaction Design

In the world of user-centered design thinking, Alan Cooper is responsible for many of the tenets used in interaction design practice today. Most notably, he introduced the use of personas to distill and make relevant information about a system's users, information we subsequently use to drive interaction design. In this article, User Centric editor Jeff Patton interviews Alan Cooper. They discuss the birth of modern microcomputer software and the arrival of the interaction design discipline.     

一种新的用户界面设计模型

用户界面是人和计算机之间的通信媒介,友好的用户界面能提高用户使用的效率.为了增强用户界面的有效性、正确性、友好性,提高人机交互的效率,在研究已有用户界面设计模型、用户参与设计方式和领域建模的基础上,提出一种以最终用户、领域专家、开发人员为设计中心的新的用户界面设计模型.     

Focus on User Experience: Moving from a Library-Centric Point of View

Academic libraries gain information about their users in many ways. Long a standard practice in the technology industry, studies in the form of usability tests and other user-centered methods seek to determine if software products meet end user needs. Libraries have availed themselves of user-centered techniques borrowed from technology to test webpage interfaces and other library technologies. This article aims to describe the technology foundations of user-centered techniques and their evolution in libraries. Snapshots of position postings, user experience departments, comparisons of methods, library-centric thinking, and service design efforts illustrate libraries’ status in addressing user experience for their patrons.     

基于人机交互的计算机辅助软件需求分析工具的研发

软件需求工程在软件开发项目中起着至关重要的作用,而需求分析活动的主角是人,因此计算机辅助需求分析工具的设计要做到以用户为中心,即以人为本。本原型作品在已有的面向问题的计算机辅助软件需求工程(Computer-Aided Requirements Engineering,CARE)工具的基础上,进一步在支持的平台及易用性等方面进行了扩展。选择安卓平台来开发此工具,理由是移动端应用软件相较于PC端具有一些优势(功能多样性、便捷性等)以及安卓的开源性质,它能够为提高软件质量以及用户体验带来新的技术支持。此外,还具体展示并介绍了该工具是如何基于人机交互的理论模型及设计原则设计的。     

UPIM:以用户为中心的笔式交互系统设计

笔式用户界面是Post-WIMP界面的一种重要形态,有自然、易学、易用等潜在性优点,但是在开发笔式交互系统时,以应用为中心的设计方法无法保证笔式用户界面继续拥有这些优点．为此,首先分析了软件设计的交流模型,在此基础上提出了一种以用户为中心的笔式交互系统的设计方法,并结合科学跳水训练管理系统对该方法进行了详细描述．从实际应用系统的评估结果来看,该设计方法在提高笔式交互系统的可用性方面非常有效．     

Accessible design and testing in the application development process: considerations for an integrated approach

Accessible design principles should permeate virtually all phases of the application development cycle, using existing “best practices of software engineering” for accessibility purposes. This paper proposes a methodology for accessible design and testing that includes proven tools of software engineering, namely use cases and scenarios, to capture functional requirements. Guidelines developed through user testing and heuristics are made real using personas to exemplify accessibility requirements, reflecting a diversity of user capabilities and use contexts. For implementation and testing, test cases containing accessibility checkpoints are generated, based on the guidelines. Complementary to this methodology, expert reviews and user testing should be conducted for evaluation of the developed products and further refinement of the development process.