辣木油脱色工艺研究

通过正交试验设计优选出辣木油脱色最佳工艺条件即:脱色温度85℃,脱色剂用量9.5%,脱色时间40min。验证实验结果表明:优选条件脱色效果显著,辣木油颜色脱除率高,能满足不同应用领域的要求。     

微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺研究

以辣木籽为原料,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验优化微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺条件,并将最佳条件下的辣木籽油得率及其品质与超声波辅助法、溶剂浸出法的进行对比分析。结果表明:微波辅助提取辣木籽油的最佳工艺条件为微波功率密度5 W/g、微波辐射时间6 min、提取温度50℃、提取时间30 min,在此条件下辣木籽油得率为36.45%;与超声波辅助法和溶剂浸出法相比,微波辅助法得率最高,所得辣木籽油的碘值最大,植物甾醇、多酚、黄酮含量最多,过氧化值最低,是一种应用前景广阔的辣木籽油提取方法。     

湿法超微粉碎结合水酶法提取辣木籽油及其氧化稳定性分析

以辣木籽为原料,经湿法超微粉碎预处理后再经过低温烘干制成辣木籽粉,通过水酶法提取辣木籽油。利用单因素实验研究料液比、pH、酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度对辣木籽油提取率的影响,在此基础上采用正交实验确定水酶法提取辣木籽油的最佳工艺条件;并以辣木籽油过氧化值为评价指标,考察光照、温度和抗氧化剂对辣木籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明,辣木籽油最佳提取条件为:以中性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶按1∶1组成的复合酶为酶解用酶,料液比1∶6,pH 5. 0,复合酶添加量6%,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间8 h。在最佳提取条件下,辣木籽油提取率为85. 23%±0. 72%。光照及高温均能使辣木籽油的过氧化值升高,其中光照比温度对辣木籽油过氧化值的影响更大。因此,贮藏辣木籽油时,应尽量放置低温、避光处。另外,添加抗氧化剂BHT也能有效提高辣木籽油的氧化稳定性。     

超声波辅助提取辣木油的工艺研究

本实验通过超声波辅助提取辣木油的正交试验,研究了影响辣木油提取的主要因素,以及辣木油超声波辅助提取的最佳萃取工艺。结果表明,在提取次数2 次、提取时间40min、超声波频率28kHz、液料比8:1(V/m)的条件下,辣木油平均得率为35.85%(占辣木种子含油率的96%)。     

微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺优化研究

以辣木籽为原料,采用微波辅助法提取辣木籽油,研究液料比、微波时间、微波功率对辣木籽油提取率的影响。通过响应面分析方法得出优化的微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺条件:以石油醚(30~60℃)为提取溶剂、液料比9∶1(m L/g)、微波时间7 min、微波功率455 W,在此条件下辣木籽油的提取率为96.78%。通过GC法对提取的辣木籽油进行脂肪酸组成分析,与传统方法相比,脂肪酸组成无明显差异。     

超声波辅助溶剂萃取辣木籽油条件优化

用超声波辅助溶剂萃取辣木籽油,以出油率为评价标准,优化萃取过程的最佳工艺条件.通过4个因素的单因素试验、正交试验以及验证试验,优化出了影响辣木籽出油率的主要因素水平和最佳工艺条件.结果显示,超声波辅助溶剂萃取辣木籽油的最佳条件为:溶剂石油醚,提取次数2次,提取时间40 min,超声波频率28 kHz,液料比8:1(V/W),在此条件下,辣木籽的平均出油率为35.85%,提取率96%,表明超声波辅助溶剂萃取法是一种可用于萃取辣木籽油的适宜方法.     

响应面法优化山桐子油脱色工艺

对山桐子原油进行脱胶、脱酸、脱色精炼处理。考察了脱色剂种类对脱色率的影响,并以脱色率为考察指标,活性白土（优选的脱色剂）添加量、脱色温度、脱色时间为考察因素,在单因素实验的基础上结合响应面法优化山桐子油的脱色工艺。对精炼前后山桐子油的理化指标和脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明：最佳脱色条件为活性白土添加量17%、脱色温度94?℃、脱色时间94 min,在此条件下山桐子油的脱色率为（91.07±0.43）%;精炼后,山桐子油的品质得到显著提升,脂肪酸组成及含量基本不变,亚油酸含量高达73.46%。     

辣木籽油的提取及其GC-MS分析

确定辣木籽油提取的最佳工艺条件,并进行成分分析。采用石油醚浸提法,以油脂提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验确定辣木籽油提取的最佳条件,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析其化学成分。结果表明,辣木籽油最佳提取工艺为:料液比1︰10 (g/mL)、超声时间40 min、浸提时间45 min。在优化条件下,辣木籽的油脂提取率为33.75%。从辣木籽油中鉴定14种成分,其中油酸含量89.08%,并含有棕榈酸(6.73%)、二十二酸(1.53%)、二十碳烯酸(0.78%)等9种脂肪酸以及β-谷甾醇(0.39%)等成分。该提取工艺操作简单、稳定可行;提取的辣木籽油为高油酸型油脂,具有较高食用和药用价值。     

冷榨法和酶解法提取辣木油的应用领域研究

对冷榨法和酶解法提取的辣木油进行氧化稳定性、维生素E含量和清除DPPH自由基能力分析,探讨不同方法提取的辣木油的最适应用领域。结果表明:冷榨辣木油在120℃的氧化稳定性达到34. 23 h,酶解辣木油在100℃时的氧化稳定性仅为3. 64 h;冷榨辣木油中几乎不含维生素E,酶解辣木油维生素E含量为66. 7μg/m L;酶解辣木油清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)为31. 98μL,远低于冷榨辣木油的134. 81μL,说明酶解辣木油清除DPPH自由基的能力显著高于冷榨辣木油的;未经精制的冷榨辣木油呈深黄色且有一定的难闻气味,而酶解辣木油则呈浅黄色且清亮、无异味。鉴于以上特点,冷榨法提取的辣木油在烘培和煎炸甚至工业用油等方面具有较好的开发和应用前景,酶解法提取的辣木油更适合用于化妆品用油。     

响应面法优化超声辅助水酶法提取辣木籽油

以辣木籽为原料,通过超声辅助水酶法提取辣木籽油。以辣木籽油提取率为指标,利用单因素试验考察pH值、果胶酶添加量、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率对辣木籽油提取率的影响,在此基础上采用响应面法确定提取辣木籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为果胶酶添加量0.50%、pH3.5、提取温度54℃、提取时间12 h、超声功率84 W,此时辣木籽油提取率为30.56%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the