基于宽相关处理的超宽带探地雷达信号处理研究

宽相关处理作为超宽带(探地)雷达信号处理的基础，目前的实现手段主要是连续小波变换，然而连续小波变换却受到了子波基的选取和快速的制约。本文首先基于宽带雷达回波模型将宽相关处理等价为变尺度的多参数估计问题，并充分利用发射信号源建立典型尺度回波模型库。进而采用宽相关处理实现宽带信号参数的次最优估计。形成了工程化的实用方法。实测数据的处理验证了算法的工程有效性。     

一种高机动目标的宽带信号检测、参数估计及成像方法

在低信噪比情况下,需要通过方位相干积累来提高信噪比,对目标进行有效的检测.但当目标进行高机动飞行时,其产生的径向速度、加速度及加加速度会造成严重的包络徙动和高次方位相位项,影响方位聚焦的质量,降低信噪比,不能有效的对目标进行检测和成像.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于相邻相关和尺度变换法的高机动目标宽带信号检测、参数估计及成像方法.该方法能有效地校正包络徙动并消除目标径向运动所造成的方位高次相位项的影响,对目标进行检测和参数估计.在本文的最后,通过宽带信号的仿真数据验证了该方法能在低信噪比情况下,对高机动飞行的目标进行检测、参数估计及成像.     

一种改进的宽带双曲调频信号检测方法

动物回声定位所用超声波具有双曲调频的形式,充分利用此信号的特性可以提高水下信号处理系统的目标检测性能.利用宽带舣曲调频信号自小波变换域的特性,针对直线形式的回波小波峰脊,将宽带目标回波检测问题转化为小波变换二维平面上的直线检测问题.提出了一种改进的基于小波-Radon变换的宽带仿生信号检测方法及其简化算法,并进行了仿真验证,结果表明检测器性能优于完成匹配滤波的宽带小波检测器,充分利用了宽带仿生信号的特性,同时印证了选择宽带双曲调频信号作为发射信号的合理性.     

基于RPPT似然比的宽带雷达目标检测算法

宽带雷达目标回波表现为距离扩展目标的形式,距离扩展目标检测技术是目前雷达信号处理领域的难点问题.本文从最佳匹配检测理论和高分辨率雷达目标回波特征出发,将目标上各散射点形成的在时域上分离的回波看成是具有随机参量的脉冲串信号,提出了适用于高分辨率雷达目标单次回波检测的随机参量脉冲串检测方法.仿真结果表明,在高分辨率雷达中,这种检测方法比雷达经典检测方法检测性能改善3 dB以上.     

基于深度自编码网络的慢速移动目标检测

强杂波背景下的慢速目标检测存在低多普勒频移、杂波干扰严重、鲁棒性不足、特征提取困难与信息利用不充分等问题。为此,提出一种基于深度自编码网络的宽带信号目标检测方法。利用时频变换解析回波信息,通过深度自编码网络算法,在时频域提取针对目标的深度抽象信息进行目标检测,以准确感知环境变化。仿真结果表明,与支持向量机、超限学习机和后向传播神经网络等传统机器学习相比,该方法可以有效感知环境变化,具有较高的鲁棒性和检测性能。     

轨道目标ISAR中频回波模拟技术研究

该文目的是研究一种空间目标宽带ISAR雷达回波的模拟实现方法，为空间目标探测雷达的研制及空间目标特性的研究提供信号来源。该文首先深入研究了空间目标的运动特性，给出了弹道目标轨道方程的计算方法，由目标的轨迹可以确定任意时刻目标的姿态，从而得到目标的散射中心分布。然后分析了目标在大时宽带宽雷达照射下的回波信号特性，结合目标轨道计算提供的散射中心分布信息，模拟出目标的中频回波信号。最后，提出了一种轨道目标ISAR雷达回波模拟器的实现方案，给出了实验结果。在实际应用中证明，用该方法模拟空间目标宽带雷达回波完全可行。     

近地轨道多目标ISAR成像方法研究

空间目标的逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)图像包含丰富的信息.但足当雷达波束中包含多个运动目标且目标在距离维无法分辨时,很难得到多目标ISAR图像.通过对回波信号的分析,建立了宽带线性调频雷达信号的近地轨道多目标ISAR成像模型.在分析了空间目标的高速运动对多目标成像的影响后,提出了用商阶模糊度函数积进行多分量多项式相位信号参数估计的方法.利用估计的参数进行同波分离、速度补偿,消除目标高速运动对多目标成像的影响.最后通过仿真验证了分析结果的正确和算法的有效.并提出了近地轨道多目标成像的一般方法.     

基于全变差和压缩感知的小带宽超分辨TOA估计

在一些被动雷达中,当目标回波信号的时宽带宽积较小时,采用传统脉冲压缩估计TOA的分辨率较低,对小时宽带宽积信号目标回波TOA进行有效估计是这些被动雷达面临的重要问题。对此提出了一种基于全变差和压缩感知的小时宽带宽积信号超分辨TOA估计方法。首先通过全变差滤波消除小时宽带宽积信号频带内的色噪声,然后利用压缩感知重构携带目标回波的TOA的稀疏信号,最后通过恒虚警检测获得目标的超分辨TOA估计。仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于声矢量阵的宽带信号源方位估计

由于目标特征和水声信道的复杂性,阵列所接收的往往是宽带信号,它具有携带目标回波信息量大、混响背景相关性弱的特点,因此有利于信号的检测、参数估计和目标特征的提取.声矢量阵单个阵元能同时测量声场中的声压量和3个正交的质点振速分量,相对于声压阵,它能获取更多的声场信息.因此论文通过均匀声矢量阵运用FFT插值和RSS聚焦的MUSIC算法对宽带相干源DOA估计进行了研究,改善了对弱相干信号源的方位分辨和估计性能,实验所获得的仿真结果表明了该方法具有较高的参考价值.     

目标运动参数快速估计新方法

提出了一种CW雷达目标运动参数测量的新方法,利用CW雷达目标回波信号构造出两个单一频率的正弦信号,每个正弦信号的频率正好与目标的一个运动参数成正比,基于FFT和细化频谱的Chirp-Z变换得到运动参数估计值。该方法与现有方法相比,既没有使用时频分析工具等耗时的处理,也没有进行参数迭代处理,因此,运算复杂度低,运算量小,同时避免了估计误差传递。仿真实验结果表明了该方法的正确性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。