大米凝胶质构特性评价模型建立

采用物性仪对大米凝胶特性进行测试,对质构仪测定结果与感官评价之间的相关性进行分析,采用多元逐步回归建立了凝胶特性评价模型.结果表明,质构仪测定结果与感官评价指标具有较好的相关性,并建立了感官评定指标以压缩、剪切探头测试指标为变量的数学预测模型.采用质构仪TPA模式,以压缩和剪切探头结合的方法建立的数学预测模型可预测大米凝胶特性各指标特征值.     

金枪鱼质构特性与感官评价相关性研究

目的:质构是水产品品质的重要组成部分,为了对金枪鱼的质构做全面评价,采用感官评价和仪器分析两种方法探讨它们的相关性。方法:以3种金枪鱼的3个部位的鱼肉为研究对象,采用质地剖面检验法进行感官评定,用质构仪(TPA模式)进行仪器分析。结果:9个样品的感官评价和TPA分析结果都具有显著性差异(P0.05)。对金枪鱼TPA测定数据进行因子和主成分分析,得到2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为86.68%。对感官评定和仪器分析结果进行相关性分析,结果表明TPA测定结果与感官评定结果之间存在显著的相关性(r=-0.834-0.962,P0.01)。以TPA分析指标为自变量,感官评定指标为因变量进行逐步回归分析,得到具有统计意义的感官硬度、感官黏聚性、感官咀嚼性和感官多脂性的预测模型。结论:金枪鱼品质的质构仪器分析和感官评定具有很好的相关性,为质构仪在水产品品质评价上提供了理论依据。     

凝胶软糖质构特性的感官评定与仪器分析研究

针对目前广州市场上不同品牌的凝胶软糖的质地特性进行感官评定与仪器分析的相关性研究。选用9种市售凝胶软糖,采用质地剖面检验法进行感官评定,质构仪(TPA模式)进行仪器分析,对感官评定与质构仪测定结果进行相关性分析。研究表明,凝胶软糖的仪器分析能很好地反映感官质构,其中质构仪测定出的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性与对应的感官指标有显著的相关性。选取主要仪器分析指标为自变量,感官评定指标为因变量,进行逐步回归分析,得到具有统计意义的感官硬度和感官弹性的预测方程。表明TPA质构分析和感官质构评价均能较准确地测定和反映目前市售凝胶软糖的质构。为利用质构仪测定定量表达凝胶软糖的感官质构提供理论依据。     

质构分析在葱油米饼品质评价中的应用研究

分别采用质构分析和感官分析对油炸葱油米饼品质进行评价,重点探讨了米饼质构指标与感官评分间的相关性,为质构分析应用于油炸葱油米饼品质评价奠定基础。结果表明:质构仪测试指标硬度、回复性和脆性中,回复性与感官评分之间存在显著正相关性(P0.05),脆性与感官评分之间也存在显著正相关性(P0.05),以质构分析部分代替感官分析进行油炸葱油米饼品质评价具有一定的可行性。     

利用米饭质构特性评价大米食用品质的方法研究

文章针对不同品种的大米,利用质构仪对米饭样品的质构特性进行测定,通过分析其与大米蒸煮食用品质感官评价指标之间相关性,寻找一条有效的利用米饭质构特性评价大米食用品质的方法。米饭质构特性测定与感官评价进行相关性研究得出：质构特性测试硬度、弹性、适口性与米饭感官评价同一指标和综合评分具有显著相关性。结果还表明：直接测试法在Ф25．4cm圆柱型压缩探头,50％的压缩比和30mm／min的压缩速率等测试条件下,米饭质构特性测定结果与米饭蒸煮感官评价相关性显著,重现性较好。     

甘薯粉汤圆质构特性和感官评价相关性分析

为对甘薯粉汤圆粉团的品质做较全面评价,以添加不同比例甘薯粉(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%)的汤圆粉团为研究对象,使用质构仪分析,并结合感官评价探讨二者相关性。结果表明添加不同比例甘薯粉后汤圆粉团的质构指标和感官指标具有差异性;对7种甘薯粉汤圆粉团进行主成分分析,共得到2个主成分(方差贡献率分别是64.562%和25.076%);甘薯粉汤圆粉团质构结果和感官评价有较高相关性,得到两者回归预测模型经检验具有显著性,可作为质构仪在甘薯粉汤圆品质评价上提供理论依据。     

米饭适口性仪器评价与其感官评价的关联性研究

米饭适口性是食味品质评价的重要指标。通过分析米饭适口性指标的仪器测定值与感官评价值,探索利用质构仪测得的质构指标代替感官评价的可行性,结果表明:质构仪测定的米饭质构指标与适口性感官评价各指标之间具有显著相关性;以各适口性感官指标为因变量,质构仪测定指标为变量建立的线性回归方程及其回归系数均达到了显著水平,回归模型预测效果较好,其感官评分值与预测值相关性最好的是弹性。     

克氏原螯虾尾油炸过程中品质变化的研究

本研究采用感官评价、质构仪、低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)结合扫描电镜等方法,研究了克氏原螯虾尾油炸过程中的水分、感官品质、色泽、质构、微观结构等的变化,并分析了弛豫时间与测定指标的相关性.结果表明:随着油炸温度的提高和油炸时间的延长,水分含量逐渐下降.LF-NMR成像反映水分脱除从外向内逐渐递进,弛豫时间T22峰面积及...     

甘薯豆粕营养膨化食品感官指标与质构特性相关性研究

为了明确甘薯豆粕营养膨化食品的感官指标与质构特性的相关性,通过质构仪测定其弹性(X_1)、内聚力(X_2)、黏性(X_3)、咀嚼性(X_4)、回复性(X_5)和硬度(X_6)等,同时与其感官评定指标:口感(Y_1)、组织与形态(Y_2)、感官咀嚼性(Y_3)、色泽(Y_4)、综合评分(Y_5)进行相关性分析,建立预测模型为Y_1=21.946+0.018X_1+0.366X_3+0.302X_4-0.188X_6(R~2=0.851)。结果表明,甘薯豆粕营养膨化食品质构弹性、硬度及咀嚼性是客观评定结果的重要物理指标,对量化感官指标、提高产品的质量分析效率具有重要意义。     

牛肉干感官与质构的相关性

在前期牛肉干工艺优化的基础上,对牛肉干进行感官评分和质构仪检测,探索牛肉干感官评分与质构指标之间的关系。结果表明:质构仪测试的硬度、弹性和黏聚性指标与感官评分具有极显著的相关性,由此提出以硬度、弹性和黏聚性3个质构指标来客观评价牛肉干品质,为质构仪在牛肉干品质评价的应用提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the