Temperature self-monitoring photothermal nano-particles of Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped zircon-tetragonal BiVO4

Self-monitored photo-thermal therapy (PTT) still faces huge challenge in cancer treatment, which aims to realize the real-time temperature reading during the course of optical heating. Exploiting new-type photo-thermal therapeutic agent (PTA) with thermometric function is considered to be one of effective methods to fulfill self-monitored PTT. In this work, spindle-like zircon-tetragonal (z-t) phase BiVO₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ up-conversion (UC) nano-particles as self-monitored PTAs were prepared through the combination of co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm laser diode excitation, real-time thermometry was accomplished by monitoring thermo-responsive emission intensity ratio of Er³⁺ (²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2) transitions. Meanwhile, the photo-thermal conversion effect associated with UC process was trigged via the non-radiative transition channels. Considering the balance between UC emission intensity and heat generation, the optimal sample composition was determined as BiVO₄:20%Yb³⁺/3%Er³⁺. Their maximum absolute sensitivity (S_a) reached 0.0125 K^-1 at 460 K as the thermometer and the ability of photo-thermal conversion up to 3.32 K cm²/W as PTAs. Their potential applications in controlled subcutaneous photo-thermal treatment were estimated through ex vivo experiments. Results provided a new choice for nano-materials to realize real-time temperature feedback in the single host material (z-t BiVO₄) during the course of PTT.     

甲醇制低碳烯烃产业发展概述及建议

由煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺是解决石油资源进展、低碳烯烃需求量越来越大等问题的有效途径。介绍了几种有代表性的经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺;分析了各工艺目前达到的技术指标;关注了各工艺近几年的工业化进程。提出了综合考虑我国的资源状况,重视甲醇制低碳烯烃的技术开发,并建议适时进行工业化。     

Self-assembly of MXene-decorated stearic acid/ionic liquid phase change material emulsion for effective photo-thermal conversion and storage

As a typical latent functionally thermal fluid with large energy storage capacity and good liquidity, phase change material emulsion (PCME) plays a broad and important role in solar energy utilization. However, the high-temperature instability and supercooling problems of PCME limit its practical application. The ionic liquid (IL)-based PCME allows for the possibility of being used as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) under more extreme temperature conditions. In this work, stearic acid (SA)/IL PCME, prepared by one-step self-assembly of MXene nanosheets at the SA/IL interface, can effectively absorb and convert solar energy into thermal energy. Furthermore, MXene-decorated SA/IL PCMEs have good high-temperature stability, little supercooling degree (0.9–3.1 °C), and large energy storage capacity. The maximum apparent specific heat capacity and average absorbance of the MXene-decorated SA/IL PCME are 4.5 and 303.1 times higher than those of IL, respectively. Under 2 sun irradiation, the 0.05–20 wt% MXene-decorated SA/IL PCME achieves high photo-thermal conversion efficiencies (91.3% at 68.9 °C, 39.4% at 115.1 °C) due to its large energy storage capacity and excellent optical absorption property. The simple interfacial self-assembly provides a promising strategy to prepare high-performance SA/IL PCME used as a novel HTF for medium-temperature solar energy utilization systems.     

Thermal effects on the measurement of photocurrent at anodic films on nickel electrodes

The influence of heat on the measurement of photocurrents at nickel electrodes in a 1 M NaOH solution was investigated by using photocurrent, photothermal and thermal current methods under the irradiation of laser beams with wavelengths of 488, 532 and 632 nm, respectively. It was found that the photocurrent appeared in the potential (vs. Hg/HgO electrode) region lower than −0.1 V was caused by the p-type semiconductor property of Ni(OH)₂ anodic film. In the Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH redox potential region the appearance of photocurrent was likely caused by the local temperature variation rather than the semiconductor properties of the anodic layer. Similar phenomena was observed for β-Ni(OH)₂ electrode. During the light irradiation an increase of temperature at the surface of the working electrode may disturb the measurement of photocurrent.     

焦化柴油与轻蜡调和油中压加氢工艺生产的探索

选用焦化柴油：常四线不同配比的原料油,3936/3905催化剂,在温度、压力、空速、油气比不同工艺条件下进行考察实验,探索焦化柴油与轻蜡调和油中压加氢工艺生产方案。     

光固化体系与光固化粘合剂的发展

介绍了光固化体系如自由基光固化体系，阴离子光固化体系，混合光固化体系和光固化粘合剂，如一步光固化粘合剂，双重光固化粘合剂的概况。     

Computer control of an algal bioreactor with simulated diurnal illumination

Design details are presented for the construction of a microcomputer based system to measure and control the growth of an algal population in a continuous-flow bioreactor. Diurnal variation in the light intensity was simulated by computer control of a Venetian blind placed in front of the solar lamps. An indirect method of biomass estimation was based on balancing the amount of nitrogen (NH₃) in and out of the system. The computer-control system held the algal biomass at a constant concentration while fluctuations in CO₂ partial pressure, turbulence and light intensity occurred. Under diurnal illumination, CO₂ assimilation began without lag when illumination started, although there was a lag before ammonia utilisation began.     

提高轻苯产率和降低洗油消耗的措施

通过对粗苯装置设备的改造和优化操作,既解决了设备能力与生产负荷不匹配的问题,又提高了轻苯收率和降低了洗油消耗。     

具有屏蔽蓝光性能的PVA基功能薄膜的制备及性能研究

依据颜色互补原理,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基材,黄颜料为蓝光吸收剂,制备具有屏蔽蓝光特性的PVA基功能薄膜。通过调控黄颜料的种类和含量,研究了不同种类的黄颜料对蓝光屏蔽性能和薄膜透光率的影响。研究发现,耐晒黄的蓝光屏蔽性能最佳,且当其含量为0.5%时,蓝光屏蔽性能达到饱和状态。     

农用转光剂及转光膜开发进展

概述了农用转光剂及转光膜的研究和应用状况,提出了农用转光剂的分类方法、表示符号和光谱参数,讨论了农用转光剂及转光膜的发展趋势。     

一种改进的汽车前照灯配光镜的设计研究

通过LightTools光学软件设计出了微结构非均匀排布的圆形导光板,将其作为汽车前照灯的配光镜使用时,不但有效地减少了出射光线的发散角,使能量分布更加集中,而且提高了光照度,增大了光能利用率,同时使光照度在中间区域内分布更加均匀,从而减少了汽车夜间行驶时灯光对驾驶员的影响。     

PE吹塑农用兰光母料及兰光膜的研制

本文介绍PE吹塑农用兰光母料及兰光膜的研制。通过试验,确定了兰光母料的最佳配方,母料中光转换剂C_(26)H_(16)的用量为0.06～0.08%。并以母料与基体树脂1∶25的配比原材料,吹塑成兰光膜。此膜在光照不足的弱光照射下(2万LUX以下)光透过率>75%;存放13个月后物理机械性能未出现明显变劣趋势;其耐水浸渍性较好,完全可满足播种、移栽、整个育秧生长期的实际使用期限。该膜不仅是水稻育秧专用膜,而且还可用于玉米、红薯、西瓜等作物的增产增收。     

聚乙烯转光棚膜的加工及应用研究

本文对聚乙烯转光棚膜的加工和光转换剂的作用、配比关系及物理性能进行了讨论。     

Perceived illumination measured

We consider a method of measurement of apparent illumination using the perceptual phenomenon of fluorescence to which we give a psychophysical explanation based on the hypothesis of direct relation of perception of self-luminosity to the apparent illumination of the scene observed by the viewer. We report results of three experimental studies: (1) measurements of apparent illumination when a flat mondrian in the darkness is observed; (2) measurements of apparent illumination in a “rich” 3D scene; (3) testing linearity of the subjective illumination space. Based on the obtained data, we confirm the basic hypothesis of a relation between the self-luminosity phenomenon and the perceived illumination, and show that the suggested method of measurement of apparent illumination gives reliable and accurate (errors were in the range 4–10%) values of its chromatic components. Apparent illumination in the case of a mondrian observed in the darkness is found unstable, which can be expected given that the context of such a scene is insufficient for obtaining a unique solution for all the components of the photometric problem. In the second experiment, we show that the measurement results remain constant when the context of a “rich” 3D scene is changed and that they follow the changes in illumination conditions. In the third experiment, we study the composition of different illuminations and show that the simple relation f = f₁ + f₂ holds for the measurement of the illumination (f) when two other illuminations (f₁, f₂) are applied simultaneously. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 159–168, 1998     

受阻胺类光稳定剂的研究进展

国内外对受阻胺类光稳定剂(HALS)的应用研究十分活跃,本文重点论述了HALS的结构、制备、光稳定机理、应用和发展趋势。