基于改进CNN-LSTM的飞控系统剩余寿命预测

数据驱动的剩余寿命（remaining useful life,RUL）预测是复杂系统健康管理的重点研究内容,然而数据集的缺乏制约了不同系统上RUL预测的研究。针对这一问题,以飞控系统为例,提出一种仿真模型和数据混合驱动的RUL预测方法。该方法通过模型仿真提供充足的故障数据,并结合改进CNN-LSTM网络实现高质量的故障信息提取。首先对系统及其故障模式建立仿真模型,利用蒙特卡罗方法生成随机故障时间序列并依次注入故障,根据仿真响应和失效阈值确定序列的寿命标签,即可生成包含多组随机序列的系统失效数据集;其次利用长短时记忆网络（long short-term memory,LSTM）提取系统状态参数时间序列的故障信息,结合一维卷积神经网络（1D-CNN）提取不同状态参数之间的关联特征,从而形成时序-空间相结合的剩余寿命预测网络。充分的实验结果证明了所提方法对不同系统均能帮助达到动态和准确的剩余寿命预测。     

锂离子电池RUL预测方法综述

随着电子设备的增长和电动车辆的普及,保障锂离子电池的安全和稳定成为研究人员的重要课题,其中电池的剩余使用寿命(RUL)为监测电池的手段之一.锂离子电池在其充放电循环期间会经历不可逆过程,可使电池容量持续衰减,最终导致电池故障,为进行合理的充放电管理,满足实际应用中的高可靠性要求,对使用过程中的RUL预测进行研究,介绍对锂电池RUL预测的基于机理模型、基于数据驱动、基于机理模型与数据驱动融合和基于数据驱动的模型融合等4种方法,并讨论基于数据驱动的各RUL预测方法的优缺点,总结并展望未来研究方向和发展趋势.     

大数据下数模联动的随机退化设备剩余寿命预测技术

面向大数据背景下随机退化设备剩余寿命(Remaining useful life, RUL)预测的现实需求, 结合随机退化设备监测大数据特点及剩余寿命预测不确定性量化这一核心问题, 深入分析了机理模型与数据混合驱动的剩余寿命预测技术、基于机器学习的剩余寿命预测技术、统计数据驱动的剩余寿命预测技术以及机器学习和统计数据驱动相结合的剩余寿命预测技术的基本研究思想和发展动态, 剖析了当前研究存在的局限性和共性难题. 针对存在的局限性和共性难题, 以多源传感监测大数据下剩余寿命预测问题为例, 提出了一种数模联动的大数据下随机退化设备剩余寿命预测解决思路, 并通过航空发动机多源监测数据初步验证了该思路的可行性和有效性. 最后, 借鉴数模联动思路, 综合考虑机器学习方法和统计数据驱动方法的优势, 紧紧扭住大数据背景下随机退化设备剩余寿命预测不确定性量化问题, 提出了大数据背景下深度学习与随机退化建模交互联动、监测大数据与剩余寿命及其预测不确定性映射机制、非理想大数据下的剩余寿命预测等亟待解决的关键科学问题.     

考虑退化轨迹差异性与相似性的轴承RUL预测

轴承的个体异质性及工况差异性使得其性能退化轨迹不尽相同,导致训练轴承建立的深度学习模型与测试轴承失配.对此,提出基于卷积自编码器与自组织映射的轴承剩余使用寿命(remaining useful life,RUL)灰色预测方法.该方法引入以轴承自身监测数据为驱动的批量归一化的卷积自编码器对轴承性能退化特征进行深度提取,并结合自组织映射算法进行性能退化指标(degradation indicator,DI)自主构建.采用动态时间规划算法对各个轴承退化轨迹进行相似匹配分析,以相匹配的全寿命轴承的DI灰色模型回归曲线在寿命终点取值作为参考,进行测试轴承的失效阈值设置.以测试轴承历史DI为驱动,采用全阶时间幂灰色预测模型对测试轴承RUL进行滚动预测.实验结果表明,所提出方法在保留轴承退化趋势个体差异性的同时,能够实现轴承失效阈值自主合理设置,提高轴承RUL的预测精度.     

基于并行双向时间卷积网络和双向长短期记忆网络的轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法

在基于深度学习的轴承剩余使用寿命(RUL)预测方法中,时间卷积网络(TCN)忽略了振动数据中未来时间信息的重要性,长短期记忆网络(LSTM)难以有效地学习振动数据的长时间序列特征.针对以上问题,提出一种基于并行双向时间卷积网络(Bi-TCN)和双向长短期记忆网络(Bi-LSTM)的轴承RUL预测方法.首先,对多传感器数据进行归一化处理,并将每个传感器数据进行通道合并,实现多传感器数据的高效融合;然后,采用Bi-TCN和Bi-LSTM构建并行的双分支特征学习网络,其中Bi-TCN提取数据的双向长时间序列特征, Bi-LSTM提取数据的时间相关特征;同时,设计一种特征融合注意力机制,该机制分别计算Bi-TCN和Bi-LSTM的输出权重,以实现两种网络输出特征的自适应加权融合;最后,融合特征通过全连接层并输出轴承RUL的预测结果.利用西安交通大学轴承数据集和PHM 2012轴承数据集进行RUL预测实验,实验结果表明,与其他先进的预测方法相比,所提出方法可以准确预测更多类型轴承的RUL,同时具有更低的预测误差.     

基于优化混合模型的航空发动机剩余寿命预测方法

针对航空发动机剩余使用寿命（RUL）预测方法没有同时加权不同时间步下的数据,包括原始数据和所提取的特征,导致RUL预测准确性较低的问题,提出了一种基于优化混合模型的RUL预测方法。首先,选用三种不同的路径提取特征：1）将原始数据的均值和趋势系数输入至全连接网络;2）将原始数据输入双向长短期记忆（Bi-LSTM）网络,并采用注意力机制处理得到的特征;3）使用注意力机制处理原始数据,并将加权特征输入至卷积神经网络（CNN）和Bi-LSTM网络中。然后,采用融合多路径特征预测的思想,将上述提取到的特征融合后输入至全连接网络获得RUL预测结果。最后,使用商用模块化航空推进系统仿真（C-MAPSS）数据集验证方法的有效性。实验结果显示,所提方法在4个数据集上均有较好的表现。以FD001数据集为例,所提方法的均方根误差（RMSE）比Bi-LSTM网络降低了9.01%。     

数据驱动的可靠性评估与寿命预测研究进展:基于协变量的方法

作为保障工业过程可靠性和经济性的重要技术,可靠性评估与寿命预测在过去几十年得到了越来越广泛的关注和长足的发展.在实际应用中,由于难以获取复杂、高可靠性设备失效机理的物理模型,数据驱动的可靠性评估与寿命预测方法成为近年来的主流.同时,自动监测技术和传感器技术的快速发展,使得在工程实践中不仅能够获取系统的退化数据,还能得到大量的系统运行环境监测数据,从而使得数据驱动寿命预测中基于协变量的方法得到了广泛应用.本文根据系统运行环境中协变量数据的不同变化规律,将基于协变量方法的可靠性评估模型分为：固定协变量模型、时变协变量模型和随机协变量模型,并分别讨论了各模型的发展现状.最后,讨论了协变量处理中存在的一些挑战及未来的研究方向.     

基于缺失观测值的锂电池剩余寿命估计方法研究

研究一种缺失观测值条件下,锂电池剩余使用寿命(RUL)的新型估计方法,算法框架包括预处理模块和预测模块,并引入极端学习机(ELM)。预处理模块基于单点插值和多重插值技术填补缺失观测值,预测模块基于一步/多步超前预测估计剩余寿命。将插值技术和超前预测算法相结合,构建锂电池剩余寿命智能估计系统,处理具有缺失观测值的时间序列数据。该系统具有良好的鲁棒性,并能够自动产生完整的时间序列数据集。实验结果表明,新估计方法适用于锂电池相关的智能诊断与预测系统,具有广泛的应用价值。     

Bayesian更新与EM算法协作下退化数据驱动的剩余寿命估计方法

设备的剩余寿命(RUL)估计是对设备进行视情维护、预测与健康管理的关键问题之一.为实现对于单个服役设备退化过程的建模以及RUL的估计,文中提出一种Bayesian更新与期望最大化算法协作下退化数据驱动的RUL估计方法.首先利用指数退化模型来描述设备的退化过程,基于监测的退化数据,利用Bayesian方法对模型的随机参数进行更新,进而得到RUL的概率分布函数和点估计.其次,利用运行设备到当前时刻的监测数据,基于EM算法给出退化模型中非随机未知参数的估计方法,并证明参数迭代估计中每步得到的结果是唯一最优解.最后通过数值仿真和实际数据应用研究,表明文中方法可对单个设备退化过程进行建模,有效估计退化模型中的未知参数,进而得到更好的RUL估计结果.     

A sample entropy based prognostics method for lithium-ion batteries using relevance vector machine

Over the increasing number of charging and discharging cycling processes of lithium-ion batteries, the aging and even failure of lithium-ion batteries may occur. If anomalies are not detected in time, lithium-ion batteries could cause major safety accidents. In this paper, a prognostics method integrating the sample entropies and relevance vector machine (RVM) is proposed to estimate the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries. First, RUL prediction using multiple inputs, including the voltage sample entropy and the current sample entropy, are compared with prediction methods based on a single entropy input. The multiple entropy input method indicates better capability of describing the battery degradation process. In addition, the wavelet denoising method is used to pre-process the inputs to remove sudden and unusual changes in the battery capacity degradation data. A prediction model using the denoised entropy inputs is constructed through linearly weighting the entropy inputs in the RVM model. The weight for each input is assigned according to the individual contribution to the prediction accuracy. Experimental data from lithium-ion battery testing are applied to three prediction models with different entropy inputs. The results indicate that the proposed method has higher prediction accuracy than those in existing models only using a single sample entropy. The proposed method has potentials for the RUL estimation of industrial machinery in manufacturing.     

Remaining useful life prediction of bearing based on stacked autoencoder and recurrent neural network

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction play a crucial part in bearing maintenance, which directly affects the production efficiency and safety of equipment. Moreover, the accuracy of the prediction model is constrained by the feature extraction process and full life data of bearings. In this paper, the life prediction method of faulty rolling bearing with limited data is presented including degradation state model and RUL prediction model. In order to obtain health indication (HI) without human interference in the degradation state modeling stage, the bottleneck structure of Stacked Autoencoder (SAE) is utilized to fuse the four selected features into one HI using Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) bearing dataset as training sample. In RUL prediction model, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is carried out to establish the model with Standard deviation (Std) input and HI training label. In order to solve the problem of large training error caused by insufficient data in the failure stage of bearing acceleration test, the third-order spline curve interpolation is utilized to enhance the data points. Through parameter analysis, the RMSE and MAE of the test set on the prediction model are 0.032582 and 0.024038, respectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is further validated by dataset from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) with different bearing fault degrees. The analysis indicates that the RUL prediction of bearing fault data is consistent with the size of artificial added faults, that is,the more severe the fault the shorter the time of remaining life. The results validate that the proposed method can effectively extract the bearing health state by incorporating feature fusion and establish accurately prediction model for bearing remaining life.     

考虑执行器性能退化的控制系统剩余寿命预测方法

工程控制系统在运行过程中,由于内外部应力的综合作用以及外部环境等的影响,其部件性能将逐渐退化,最终会导致控制系统失效.然而,由于控制系统中闭环反馈的作用,系统的输出残差可能仍在较小范围内变动,使得早期性能退化这种微小故障难以被检测到,呈现隐含退化的特点.现有文献中,针对此类在闭环反馈控制作用下部件存在隐含退化过程的控制系统剩余寿命（Remaining useful lifetime,RUL）预测问题,鲜有研究.为此,本文针对一类仅考虑执行器性能退化的确定闭环控制系统,提出一种基于解析模型的剩余寿命预测方法.该方法首先基于权值优选粒子滤波算法,利用系统的监测数据在线估计出执行器的隐含退化量,然后在每一个预测时刻通过蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo,MC）仿真计算得到合理的失效阈值,建立基于该失效阈值的系统失效判断准则,最后将隐含退化量的估计值代入退化模型中外推出剩余寿命分布.惯性平台稳定回路控制系统的仿真实验结果验证了该方法的可行性、有效性.     

Remaining useful life prediction of bearings by a new reinforced memory GRU network

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of bearings has great significance in the predictive maintenance of mechanical equipment. Owing to the difficulty of collecting abundant lifecycle datasets with correct labels, it is quite necessary to explore a prediction method with high precision and robustness in the case of small samples. It follows that a novel RUL prediction approach is put forward to overcome this problem. First, for reducing the man-made interference and the demand for expert knowledge, an unsupervised health indicator (HI) is constructed by Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD), which is named as KLD-based HI. Then because of the rapid forgetting of historical trend information in the current RNN-based prediction models, a novel reinforced memory gated recurrent unit (RMGRU) network is proposed by reusing the state information at the previous moment. According to the constructed KLD-based HI vector, the unknown HIs are successively predicted by RMGRU until the predicted HI value exceeds the failure threshold, and then RUL is calculated. The contrast experiment on IEEE 2012PHM bearing datasets shows the superiority of the bearing RUL prediction approach based on RMGRU over the classical time series forecasting methods. It can be concluded that this method has great application potential in bearing RUL prediction.     

A novel deep learning scheme for multi-condition remaining useful life prediction of rolling element bearings

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of a rolling element bearing is important for more reasonable maintenance of machinery and equipment. Generally, the information of a failure can hardly be acquired in advance while running and the degradation process varies in terms of different faults. Thus, fault identification is indispensable for a multi-condition RUL prediction, where, however, the fault identification and RUL prediction are separated in most studies. A new hybrid scheme is proposed in this paper for the multi-condition RUL prediction of rolling element bearings. The proposed scheme contains both classification and regression, where the 2D-DCNN based classifier and predictors are built concerning typical fault conditions of a bearing. For the online prediction, the raw signals are spanned in the time-frequency domain and then transferred into images as the input of the scheme. The classifier is used to monitor the vibration of rolling bearings for online fault recognition and excite the corresponding predictor for RUL prediction once a fault is detected. The output from the predictor is amended by the proposed adaptive delay correction method as the final prediction results. A demonstration is performed based on the XJTU-SY datasets and the results are compared with those from the state-of-the-art methods, which proves the superiority of the proposed scheme in improving the accuracy and linearity of RUL prediction. The time cost of the proposed online prediction scheme is also investigated and the results indicate high time effectiveness.     

加速冲击损伤退化系统剩余寿命预测及预测维修决策

随着检测传感技术的发展,诸如风力发电机叶片等可对其状态进行检测,并依据检测结果进行剩余寿命预测.但此类系统在运行中受环境冲击影响较大,如何对冲击影响下的系统剩余寿命进行预测,并结合预测结果进行经济可靠的维修决策是一个值得研究的问题.对此,针对状态可检测的连续退化系统,研究考虑加速冲击损伤特性下的系统剩余寿命预测及基于预测的维修决策.首先,考虑自然退化和与退化相关的冲击损伤,构建加速冲击损伤退化模型和剩余寿命预测模型;其次,制定基于周期检测的状态维修与预测维修相结合的混合维修策略,并推导不同维修活动的发生概率;然后,构建以长期平均费用率最小为目标,以检测间隔和故障率阈值为决策变量的决策模型,并给出了优化解法;最后,以风力发电机叶片为案例验证模型的适用性和有效性,对系统的参数进行灵敏度分析,并与未考虑加速冲击损伤和未考虑预测的维修决策结果进行对比分析.     

基于AE-LSTM的多目标硬盘故障预测方法

硬盘故障预测是在故障发生前发出预警,避免数据丢失或服务中断,提高数据中心的可靠性和安全性。然而,大多数故障预测模型将硬盘故障问题转化为二分类任务,忽略了硬盘故障是渐变过程的,并且缺乏故障诊断功能。因此,提出了一种基于AE-LSTM的硬盘故障预测框架,实现多目标任务：硬盘健康状态分级、硬盘剩余使用寿命预测、硬盘故障诊断。首先,采用回归决策树模型智能化对硬盘健康状态进行标记;其次,通过AE-LSTM模型提取鲁棒的隐藏变量,并构建剩余使用寿命预测模型和硬盘健康状态分级模块;最后,根据AE模块的输入输出差异进行硬盘故障诊断。在Backblaze公开数据集上,对比了RF、LSTM和AE-LSTM三种算法,实验结果证实了AE-LSTM算法在多目标硬盘故障预测中的有效性和优势。