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为了充分利用生物质资源,本文对农产废弃物-木薯秸秆的水解产糖工艺进行了研究。首先,以纤维素的含量为指标,研究了常规碱处理、微波/碱处理和超声波/碱处理三种方法对木薯秸秆进行预处理的效果。结果显示:经过2%(m/m)Na OH溶液结合微波处理40 min后得到的木薯秸秆,其纤维素含量最高(54.1%),但重量损失也最大(61.3%)。这是由于微波辐射增加了半纤维素在碱液中的溶解度,而使半纤维素被除去,纤维素含量相对增加。然后,对三种预处理方法得到的木薯秸秆进行发酵产糖研究,实验显示微波/碱处理得到的底物经绿色木霉降解可得到最高的还原糖产量,而对木薯秸秆糖化所得残渣的主要化学成分进行分析也证明了这一点。因此,为有利于后期木薯秸秆的发酵产糖,微波/碱处理是木薯秸秆糖化前的一种理想的预处理方法。 相似文献
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测定了木薯淀粉、木薯羟丙基淀粉、羟丙基交联淀粉、醋酸酯淀粉、醋酸酯交联淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、凝沉、耐盐性、耐酸性、糊化特性等性质。实验结果表明:经过变性的木薯淀粉和原木薯淀粉有很大的不同,经过羟丙基化、羟丙基交联、醋酸酯化、醋酸酯交联后,分别引入了羟丙基、交联键、乙酰基等,使其具有较强的冻融稳定性,具有较高的透明度、耐盐性、耐酸性。据RVA分析,各种变性淀粉糊液性质较原淀粉有较大的提高。经过交联后糊液稳定性较原淀粉、羟丙基及醋酸酯淀粉有较大程度的提高,因此具有更为广阔的应用性。 相似文献
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摘要:本研究比较了木薯淀粉、木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉和木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉对鱼糜加工性质的影响,并测定了二种木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉、二种木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉以及木薯淀粉和鱼糜加工相关的冻融稳定性、透光率、溶解性、膨润度和凝沉性等特性。并将木薯淀粉和四种变性淀粉分别添加到鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融过程中的持水性、白度以及凝胶强度等品质特性。结果表明:木薯变性淀粉因引入了磷酸基、羧甲基等亲水性基团,在透光率、冻融稳定性、溶解性和凝沉性等性质方面较木薯淀粉均有提高,添加木薯变性淀粉所得到的鱼糜制品白度、持水性和凝胶强度分别增加了17.7%、10.2%、77.7%。木薯变性淀粉较木薯淀粉更适合用于加工鱼糜。 相似文献
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前言木薯(Cassava)是典型的热带薯类淀粉作物,在世界上主要产于南北纬30°之间[1],遍及热带地区,成为仅次于甘薯的一种最重要的淀粉块根作物。木薯是多年生长作物(一般1~2年可收获),要求温暖潮湿气候,植株可生长至2~4米高,根长可达30~120厘米,直径4~5厘米,重1~8公斤,一棵木薯的块根其产量可达30~50公斤以上,在非洲和南美洲的许多国家中,它是人们的主要粮食和淀粉的来源。由于木薯生长快、产量高、病虫害少,因而种植面积在迅速发展,当今木薯已成为热带、亚热带广泛种植的粮食和经济作物,在热带的许多地区,如同温带… 相似文献
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本研究比较了木薯淀粉、木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉和木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉对鱼糜加工性质的影响。首先测定了2种木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉、2种木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉以及木薯淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、黏性、膨胀度和凝沉性等特性。然后将木薯淀粉和4种变性淀粉分别添加到鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融过程中的持水性、白度以及凝胶强度等品质特性。结果表明:木薯变性淀粉因引入了磷酸基、羧甲基等亲水性基团,在透光率、冻融稳定性、黏性和凝沉性等性质方面较木薯淀粉均有提高,添加木薯变性淀粉所得到的鱼糜制品白度、持水性和凝胶强度分别增加了17.7%、10.2%、77.7%。木薯变性淀粉较木薯淀粉更适合用于加工鱼糜。 相似文献
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对用POCl3交联木薯淀粉的性质进行了研究。试验结果表明,反应条件对产物交联度有不同程度的影响,其中pH值和温度的影响最大。木薯原淀粉在碱性条件下,用POCl3处理,主要产品为淀粉磷酸二酯。 相似文献
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木薯淀粉及木薯变性淀粉性质比较研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
测定了木薯淀粉、木薯羟丙基淀粉、羟丙基交联淀粉、醋酸酯淀粉、醋酸酯交联淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、凝沉、耐盐性、耐酸性、糊化特性等性质.实验结果表明:经过变性的木薯淀粉和原木薯淀粉有很大的不同,经过羟丙基化、羟丙基交联、醋酸酯化、醋酸酯交联后,分别引入了羟丙基、交联键、乙酰基等,使其具有较强的冻融稳定性,具有较高的透明度、耐盐性、耐酸性.据RVA分析,各种变性淀粉糊液性质较原淀粉有较大的提高.经过交联后糊液稳定性较原淀粉、羟丙基及醋酸酯淀粉有较大程度的提高,因此具有更为广阔的应用性. 相似文献
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Athapol Noomhorm S Ilangantileke M B Bautista 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1992,58(1):117-123
The enrichment of cassava protein content using solid substrate fermentation was studied on both laboratory and on-farm scales using Aspergillus niger as a starter. The effects of cassava particle size and of various nitrogen source ratios and mixing methods were investigated. Ammonium sulphate and urea as sources at respective levels of addition (g N kg−1 substrate) of 10:10, 20:10 and 20:20 were used in combination with cassava alone and cassava mixed with rice bran and soya bean each having mixing levels of 50, 100 and 150 g kg−1. The mixture was fermented for 84 h at 35°C and 90–95% RH on the laboratory scale and 29–31°C and 95–99% RH at the on-farm scale. The results indicated that cube sizes ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 cm3 gave good mycelial growth. Pure cassava alone at the 10:10 nitrogen addition level produced the highest protein yield of about 145 g kg−1. The on-farm technique yielded higher protein enrichment compared with laboratory experiments. Cassava alone yielded 230 g kg−1 protein while cassava with rice bran and cassava with soya bean each produced 210 g kg−1 protein. 相似文献
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The efficiency of different processes in reducing the cyanoglucoside (CNG) content of cassava was studied. Maximum retention of CNG (>80%) was observed in baked, fried and steamed tubers. CNG retention in sun-dried chips varied from 30–60%, the retention being governed by the chip thickness. In case of cassava boiled in water, smaller chip size and sufficient water was found to be the ideal condition for maximum CNG removal. There was 25–75% CNG retention in this process, depending on the chip size used. The most effective method for CNG removal was by crushing fresh tuber and subsequent sun-drying, whereby >95% CNG was eliminated. The studies indicated that the mode of processing greatly influenced the CNG content of cassava foods. It was concluded that since CNG can be greatly reduced by suitable processing, it may not be a limiting factor in the utilisation of cassava for food and feed purposes. 相似文献
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玉米秸秆经过预处理、酶水解、发酵可生产燃料乙醇,但其自身具有的木质纤维素紧密结构使得酶水解效率很低,导致乙醇产量低。因此,采用适当的方法对玉米秸秆进行预处理,破坏秸秆原有的纤维结构,提高酶水解效率和可利用性。本文对当前国内外玉米秸秆各种预处理最新方法进行了综述,同时对每种预处理方法的优缺点进行了分析,为玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料乙醇预处理方式的选择提供参考。 相似文献
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June E. Rickard 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1985,36(3):167-176
Rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration of cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) appears to be due essentially to wound responses, comparable to those observed in other plant storage organs. The wound responses observed include: increased activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, an enzyme associated with phenol biosynthesis; increased activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase; formation of phenols/polyphenols including leucoanthocyanidins, catechins, sco-poletin and condensed tannins, and often the formation of a wound periderm. In cassava, the responses did not remain localised at wound surfaces in roots when held at low storage humidity but spread through the roots causing a discolouration of the vascular tissue and storage parenchyma. Roots stored at high humidity showed a more typical wound response with localised production of phenols and periderm formation. 相似文献