不同叶轮形式下离心泵整机非定常流场的数值研究

针对无短叶片、有长短叶片和短短叶片三种叶轮的离心泵,采用非定常CFD方法数值分析了设计工况点的整机全三维流场,讨论了不同叶片形式对水泵扬程、进出口压力波动及叶片表面和中央回转面内参数分布的影响。其中,与无短叶片情况相比较,详细分析了短叶片的有无和短叶片尺寸对泵内流场的影响;并对一个压力波动周期内,由于叶片和蜗舌相对位置不同内部流场的变化给出了相应的分析结果。从动力学角度对降低水泵的振动和噪声提供了有益的分析结果。     

整体叶轮五轴侧铣数控加工方法的研究

为提高整体叶轮的五轴编程和加工的能力,生成合理的刀位文件,在制定出合理的加工工艺的基础上,提出了一种适合于直纹面叶片五轴侧铣加工的刀轴矢量计算方法.对两个相邻叶片的直母线进行插值后,得到的刀轴矢量能完全避免刀具与叶片之间的干涉问题.同时,提出了一种小四边形参数模型来解决直线与自由曲面求交问题,并成功应用于刀心计算中.实例计算表明,所提出的方法能很好地应用于整体叶轮的五轴加工.     

前向离心风机采用不等距叶片叶轮降噪的试验研究

为了降低T9-19No.4A前向离心风机的噪声,针对该风机设计了两个不同叶片间距的不等距叶片叶轮,并对原风机和两个改进后的风机进行了试验,对采用不等距叶片叶轮降低前向离心风机噪声进行了初步探索.试验结果和分析可供同行进行同类研究时参考.     

不同形式高速离心叶轮内部流动的数值模拟

为分析叶轮结构对于叶轮内部流动的影响,对8叶片的闭式和半开式两种形式低比转速高速离心复合叶轮进行研究.采用S-A湍流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程,对叶轮内部的流动进行三维紊流数值计算和分析,并对离心泵进行试验研究.数值计算结果表明,两种形式叶轮内部都存在回流,其中半开式叶轮内部的回流区域较少,液流在间隙里的相对流动大致为圆周方向;叶轮内部的静压力都是由叶片进口到出口逐渐升高,等静压曲线几乎是沿圆周方向,半开式叶轮叶片顶部的静压力低于相应位置根部的静压力,闭式叶轮出口的压力系数高于半开式叶轮.试验结果表明,半开式叶轮离心泵的效率较高,说明叶轮内部的回流是影响离心泵性能的重要因素.     

Price, delivery time, and capacity decisions in an M/M/1 make-to-order/service system with segmented market

In this paper, a method to determine the optimal tool orientation to make a more perfect impeller blade surface using a five-axis flank milling machine is presented. Verification of surface geometric accuracy using a 3D coordinate measuring machine is also shown. A mathematical formula is derived which includes the parameters of tool and curved surface to calculate the appropriate tool orientation, whose direction is named the optimal tool orientation. The 3D CAD software Unigraphics (UG) is used to plot models which include the curved surface and the tools of optimal tool orientation and other orientations. The reasonable overlap between curved surface and tool is obtained (overcutting) by checking the interference from the UG, its tool orientation is the optimal tool orientation. According to the optimal tool orientation and position at all cutting points on curved surface, a cutting location source file is derived, which can transform into the NC code for the five-axis tool machine to make the centrifugal impellers of various types. These impellers are measured by using the 3D Coordinate Measuring Machine to verify blade to be free of flaws, and with accurate geometry and the tool, marks are removed from its surfaces.     

An efficient five-axis machining method of centrifugal impeller based on regional milling

This paper presents an efficient five-axis machining method of centrifugal impeller based on regional milling. As the base of the machining method, geometry of the centrifugal impeller and blade surface is analyzed, and sub-machining regions are presented through the division of the double three-cubic d non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface. In rough milling, the cutter parameters, tool path interval, tool path curves, and the fixed tool axis vector are calculated by the novel algorithm based on regional milling; the biggest cutter and smaller tool path length are obtained. In finish milling, for the aerodynamic performance of the finished impeller, the tool path curves are modified and interlinked to make them uniform and orderly. A modified algorithm of the finish milling of the blade surface is proposed, and not only are the machining errors reduced; their reasonable distribution is also realized. Numerical simulation and a real test impeller are presented as the test of the proposed method.     

Fluid-structure interaction analysis and lifetime estimation of a natural gas pipeline centrifugal compressor under near-choke and near-surge conditions

Up to present, there have been no studies concerning the application of fluid-structure interaction(FSI) analysis to the lifetime estimation of multi-stage centrifugal compressors under dangerous unsteady aerodynamic excitations. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations of a three-stage natural gas pipeline centrifugal compressor are performed under near-choke and near-surge conditions, and the unsteady aerodynamic pressure acting on impeller blades are obtained. Then computational structural dynamics(CSD) analysis is conducted through a one-way coupling FSI model to predict alternating stresses in impeller blades. Finally, the compressor lifetime is estimated using the nominal stress approach. The FSI results show that the impellers of latter stages suffer larger fluctuation stresses but smaller mean stresses than those at preceding stages under near-choke and near-surge conditions. The most dangerous position in the compressor is found to be located near the leading edge of the last-stage impeller blade. Compressor lifetime estimation shows that the investigated compressor can run up to 102.7 h under the near-choke condition and 200.2 h under the near-surge condition. This study is expected to provide a scientific guidance for the operation safety of natural gas pipeline centrifugal compressors.     

叶片梯度角对压气机叶轮固有频率的影响规律

增压器叶轮固有频率分布对其可靠性寿命起至关重要的作用.为获取压气机叶轮几何尺寸对叶轮固有频率的影响规律,提出了与叶片厚度和叶片悬臂长度相关的叶片梯度角概念,采用Con-cepts NREC软件进行叶轮系列化设计,结合ANSYS有限元分析软件进行叶轮固有频率及强度模拟计算,并通过叶轮模态测试系统进行了8个代表性尺寸的铣削...     

离心压缩机叶轮冲蚀磨损的动力特性研究

为研究固粒冲蚀磨损对离心压缩机叶轮动力学特性和结构强度的影响,建立磨损损伤的叶轮的三维模型,并采用有限元方法,对有无离心预应力状态下原始叶轮和损伤叶轮的固有频率和振型进行提取,对叶轮共振特性进行研究,对因材料流失而造成的叶片强度、刚度变化进行了分析。研究结果表明:因冲蚀磨损引起的叶片局部减薄对叶轮整体振动特性影响不明显;叶轮在工作转速下其第6,7阶共振裕度较小;冲蚀磨损损伤的叶片存在应力集中和刚度降低的现象。     

Influence of blade thickness on transient flow characteristics of centrifugal slurry pump with semi-open impeller

As the critical component, the impellers of the slurry pumps usually have blades of a large thickness. The increasing excretion coefficient of the blades affects the flow in the impeller resulting in a relatively higher hydraulic loss, which is rarely reported. In order to investigate the influence of blade thickness on the transient flow characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump with a semi-open impeller, transient numerical simulations were carried out on six impellers, of which the meridional blade thickness from the leading edge to trailing edge varied from 5-10 mm, 5-15 mm, 5-20 mm, 10-10 mm, 10-15 mm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. Then, two of the six impellers, namely cases 4 and 6, were manufactured and experimentally tested for hydraulic performance to verify the simulation results. Results of these tests agreed reasonably well with those of the numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that when blade thickness increases, pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the impeller become severe. Moreover, the standard deviation of the relative velocity in the middle portion of the suction sides of the blades decreases and that at the outlet of the impeller increases. Thus, the amplitude of the impeller head pulsation for each case increases. Meanwhile, the distribution of the time-averaged relative flow angle becomes less uniform and decreases at the outlet of the impeller. Hence, as the impeller blade thickness increases, the pump head drops rapidly and the maximum efficiency point is offset to a lower flow rate condition. As the thickness of blade trailing edge increases by 10 mm, the head of the pump drops by approximately 5 m, which is approximately 10 % of the original pump head. Futhermore, it is for the first time that the time-averaged relative flow angle is being considered for the analysis of transient flow in centrifugal pump. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a centrifugal slurry pump with thick impeller blades.

     

不等齿距端铣刀对端铣振动影响的研究

根据切削理论及端铣过程的几何关系 ,提出了单齿和多齿端铣刀的铣削力模型 ,用有限元分析软件分析了铣床的频谱 ;分析了不等齿距端铣刀的铣削力频谱 ,并在此基础上分析了不等齿距端铣刀的减振机理 ,提出了不等齿距端铣刀齿间角优化设计的依据 ,设计和制造了不等齿距端铣刀 ,并对不等齿距端铣刀和等齿距端铣刀的振动性能进行了对比实验     

Visualization of relative flow patterns in centrifugal blood pump

This paper presents computational and flow visualization results on a centrifugal blood pump. 4 impeller designs were tested at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm using blood analog as working fluid. All impellers have seven blades but of different geometry (Impellers A3, A4, B2 and R7). Flow visualization within the impeller passages was conducted using an image de-rotation system. A pair of large scale vortices was found within the blades of impeller R7 while a single vortex was found in most of the passages of backward facing impellers (Impellers A3, A4 and B2). To establish the effects of blade geometry on blood cells, CFD was used to simulate the blade to blade flow to provide an estimate of the maximum shear stress. The results showed that though most of the stresses within the blade passages are below a threshold level of 150 N/m² for extensive erythrocyte damage to occur, there are some regions near to the leading edge of the pressure side where the shear stresses are above threshold level.     

几何参数对离心叶轮强度和气动性能影响的研究

使用有限元计算软件和内部流场计算软件对所设计的几个具有不同几何尺寸的离心压气机叶轮的强度和气动性能进行了计算。结果表明反弯叶片可降低叶轮出口处叶片根部附近的应力,但会造成叶片根部前缘区域应力集中,且反弯叶轮的气动性能和原型叶轮差别不大。前倾叶片能在很大程度上降低叶轮出口处叶片根部应力,前倾角越大出口叶根处应力减小越多;随前倾角增大,叶轮气动性能恶化程度加剧;叶轮的背盘形状对叶轮的应力影响较大,尤其是出口处的背盘厚度对出口处叶片根部区域的应力起主因作用。研究得出叶片几何及背盘形状因素对叶轮应力分布的影响规律,另外还得到了叶片几何形状对气动性能的影响规律,这些工作为叶轮的多学科优化设计提供良好的基础。     

高温熔盐泵中分流叶片对结构动力特性的影响

为研究分流叶片对高温熔盐泵结构动力特性的影响规律,以IS50-32-160型低比转数高温熔盐泵为研究对象。对有/无分流叶片方案不同工作温度、不同工况下的泵转子进行基于ANSYS Workbench的数值计算,分析了泵内部的应力、变形和模态分布规律。研究结果表明:添加分流叶片后,叶轮的等效应力明显减小,说明分流叶片能够有效提高叶轮的承载能力;分流叶片使得转子的变形情况也得到一定的改善,从而降低了叶轮变形对内部流场的影响,且叶轮内的变形分布变得更均匀,从而可减轻泵转子的振动;同时,不同工作温度对泵转子的固有频率及各阶振型影响均不大。     

Robust design optimization method for centrifugal impellers under surface roughness uncertainties due to blade fouling

Blade fouling has been proved to be a great threat to compressor performance in operating stage. The current researches on fouling-induced performance degradations of centrifugal compressors are based mainly on simplified roughness models without taking into account the realistic factors such as spatial non-uniformity and randomness of the fouling-induced surface roughness. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the robust design optimization of centrifugal compressor impellers with considerations of blade fouling. In this paper, a multi-objective robust design optimization method is developed for centrifugal impellers under surface roughness uncertainties due to blade fouling. A three-dimensional surface roughness map is proposed to describe the nonuniformity and randomness of realistic fouling accumulations on blades. To lower computational cost in robust design optimization, the support vector regression (SVR) metamodel is combined with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method to conduct the uncertainty analysis of fouled impeller performance. The analyzed results show that the critical fouled region associated with impeller performance degradations lies at the leading edge of blade tip. The SVR metamodel has been proved to be an efficient and accurate means in the detection of impeller performance variations caused by roughness uncertainties. After design optimization, the robust optimal design is found to be more efficient and less sensitive to fouling uncertainties while maintaining good impeller performance in the clean condition. This research proposes a systematic design optimization method for centrifugal compressors with considerations of blade fouling, providing a practical guidance to the design of advanced centrifugal compressors.     

基于铣削力识别的铣削监测与铣刀故障诊断

为提高铣削过程监测与刀具故障诊断精度，通过测量铣床的频响函数和在铣削加工中的铣床振动加速度响应信号，用载荷识别的方法计算铣削力，分别得到了用4刀齿和2刀齿加工时横向铣削力的识别结果，所得到的铣削力曲线与加工工况吻合良好。以所识别铣削力为特征参量，用ART2神经网络进行了铣削过程监测与铣刀故障诊断，其结果比直接用振动响应信号进行监测与诊断更可靠，从而得到较好的监测诊断结论。     

基于时域特性的铣刀磨损状态信息提取

在分析铣削加工过程特点的基础上，采用后刀面磨损带面积为铣刀磨损的评价指标，建立了基于切削力和主轴电机功率的铣刀磨损模型，探讨了基于时域特性的铣刀磨损状态信息提取的相关技术。理论分析和实验结果表明，切削力和主轴电机功率的量纲一系数Cv的变化与铣刀后刀面磨损带的磨损过程直接相关。采用切削力和主轴电机功率的量纲一系数Cv作为铣刀后刀面磨损带面积的监测信号能真实地反映其磨损过程。     

Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps,which affects the characteristics of pump heavily.At present,the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps,the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely.Therefore,the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump.The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades.The blade number is varied to 4,6,7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant.The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT.The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping,and their characteristics are tested in an open loop.The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied.The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head,efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%,3.9% and 0.36 m,respectively.The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers.With the increase of blade number,the head of the model pumps increases too,the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated,but there are optimum values of blade number for each one.The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.     

基于流场计算的螺旋离心泵叶轮静力学分析

为研究螺旋离心泵叶轮结构的振动特性,首先建立螺旋离心泵内部流场三维模型,对设计工况下的螺旋离心泵内流场进行了定常数值模拟,得到了叶片表面的压力载荷分布;建立叶轮有限元模型,以螺旋离心泵全流道三维定常数值模拟计算结果为基础,利用顺序耦合技术进行了有预应力的叶轮静应力分析和模态分析,结果表明:叶轮的最大应力出现在叶片进口的轮毂处,叶轮强度满足设计要求;叶轮最大的形变区域出现在叶片进口的轮缘处;叶轮的变形域随着频率的增加而增大;叶轮的各阶固有频率远大于泵的运行频率,因此在运行过程中不易发生共振现象。     

Investigation on Reduction of Pressure Fluctuation for a Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump

Double-suction centrifugal pumps have been applied extensively in many areas,and the significance of pressure fluctuations inside these pumps with large power is becoming increasingly important.In this study,a double-suction centrifugal pump with a high-demand for vibration and noise was redesigned by increasing the flow uniformity at the impeller discharge,implemented by combinations of more than two parameters.First,increasing the number of the impeller blades was intended to enhance the bounding effect that the blades imposed on the fluid.Subsequently,increasing the radial gap between the impeller and volute was applied to reduce the rotor-stator interaction.Finally,the staggered arrangement was optimized to weaken the efficacy of the interference superposition.Based on numerical simulation,the steady and unsteady characteristics of the pump models were calculated.From the fluctuation analysis in the frequency domain,the dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics,located on the monitoring points in the redesigned pumps(both with larger radial gap)are reduced a lot.Further,in the volute of the model with new impellers staggered at 12°,the average value for the dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude decreases to 6% of that in prototype pump.The dimensionless rootmean-square pressure contour on the mid-span of the impeller tends to be more uniform in the redesigned models(both with larger radial gap);similarly,the pressure contour on the mid-section of the volute presents good uniformity in these models,which in turn demonstrating a reduction in the pressure fluctuation intensity.The results reveal the mechanism of pressure fluctuation reduction in a double-suction centrifugal pump,and the results of this study could provide a reference for pressure fluctuation reduction and vibration performance reinforcement of doublesuction centrifugal pumps and other pumps.