制造系统敏捷性评价体系的研究

在动态环境下,敏捷性是评价制造系统的响应环境变化的一项主要指标。本文在分析制造系统敏捷性指标要求的基础上,从生产能力、市场、人员和信息的角度对制造系统的敏捷性进行了定义,并作了详细的分析。     

Probabilistic measurement evaluation for the implementation of the Measuring Instrument Directive

The approval of the European Measuring Instrument Directive (2004) constitutes a noteworthy novelty in legal metrology, since this Directive implements the so called “new approach” to technical normalization and harmonization and moves toward a “global approach” to evaluation and conformity. According to the principles of the new approach regulatory model, the Directive establishes some essential requirements for a wide class of measuring devices, subject to legal control, whilst leaving manufacturer free to develop proper technical solutions for meeting them. Moreover, the conformity of instruments to prescribed requirement may now be ensured through quality assurance procedures, in the context of a quality system. This increase in technical and metrological freedom on the manufactures side may promote innovation, social benefit and costumers’ satisfaction, provided that some recent advances in measurement theory are properly employed.In this paper, after a brief discussion regarding the philosophy of the Directive, a probabilistic approach to conformity assessment is presented. The proposed approach concerns some currently open issues such as measurement uncertainty due to the influence of operating conditions, the assessment and reduction of the risk related to measurement uncertainty in conformity decision and the costs of instrument uncertainty and of non-conformity, for both the manufacturer and the user. The approach is supported by a package of software codes that assists the application of verification procedures, with a user-friendly approach.All these aspects are discussed with reference to the case of water meters, considering both end-of-production acceptance tests and the performance of meters under operation.     

企业敏捷性模糊综合评估

首先阐述了敏捷性的概念,然后对典型的敏捷性评价体系作了分析和比较,文章的出发点是综合各个评价体系的优点,将静态的CIPME评价体系引入到敏捷虚拟企业的整个生命周期中,同时运用层次分析法等相关理论以实现企业敏捷性动态的模糊评估问题。     

货车滚动轴承早期故障轨边声学诊断系统(TADS)

货车滚动轴承早期故障轨边声学诊断系统通过测量和分析车辆运行过程中滚动轴承所产生的噪声,判别轴承的工作状态,对早期故障做出诊断和报警,便于故障轴承的及时处理,避免或减少轴承故障导致的燃轴、切轴和脱轨事故,从而保障行车安全,减少热轴停车．并为检修提供必要的数据。特别是在目前我国铁路货车提速的形势下,这一装置的投入使用,对行车安全和运输敏率的提高具有十分重要意义。     

Delivering compliance and agility [product lifecycle management]

This paper explains how product lifecycle management (PLM) tools can be used such that an organization's supply chain is managed to ensure quality, with availability, compliance and competitiveness as primary areas of focus. By providing one product record, PLM can manage, coordinate and optimize the processes, decisions and information about products from initial concept to end-of-life across the extended enterprise.     

平面磨削残余应力的测试方法

磨削过程产生的残余应力对零件的使用性能有很大影响，确定它的大小和性质对于评价零件的性能非常重要。文中阐述了平面磨削残余应力的测试方法，分析各种测试方法的特点。     

面向敏捷制造的产品快速设计实现方法研究

首先讨论了在敏捷制造模式下产品快速设计的实验基础，接着提出构建以CAD／CAE／CAM／PDM的集成为核心的企业信息集成网络，采用虚拟制造的设计方法，形成在CAD／CAE／CAM／PDM集成下产品快速设计的虚拟实现方法。     

微小弹簧电镀前后抗力变化及其分布特性

为微小弹簧生产质量控制和设计优化提供参考,以3组引信用碳素弹簧钢丝缠制的圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧为例,通过实测镀锡前后的抗力,群体比较了其抗力变化和分布特性。镀锡前后的弹簧抗力均服从正态分布。镀锡后弹簧抗力及其散布均增大。电镀层对微小型弹簧抗力及其散布均有较大影响,在弹簧设计时应予以注意。     

敏捷冲裁模具系统设计中的图形处理技术

介绍了敏捷冲裁模具系统的组成模块及其功能结构．详细阐述了其中图形处理模块的数控编程技术的开发方法,通过分析数据交换文件(DXF)图形文件结构,提取数控加工所需的数据信息,再根据现场加工工艺要求,对这些图形数据作进一步处理,然后自动生成机床加工的数控代码格式．同时,该系统模块具有加工动态仿真和NC代码检验功能,从而提高了加工效率和加工质量．     

碳离子注入前后单晶硅的摩擦性能对比

以不同剂量的碳离子注入得到不同单晶硅片试样,用原位纳米力学测试系统对其纳米硬度和弹性模量进行测定;在UMT-2型摩擦试验机上进行摩擦试验,用S-3000N型扫描电镜观察其磨损后的磨痕形貌。结果表明:碳离子注入后硅片的纳米硬度和弹性模量略高于注入前的单晶硅片,注入后硅片的减摩效果和耐磨性能在0.1~0.3 N载荷下得到了大幅度提高,当载荷增加后,摩擦因数迅速增加并产生磨损痕迹;离子注入前后单晶硅片的磨损机制近似,都以涂抹形貌为主,局部出现剥落现象。     

并行设计和产品创新--中国企业的敏捷化之路探索(Ⅰ)

从提高企业的新产品开发能力入手,就加速新产品开发速度,提高产品设计质量的并行设计方法进行深入的研究和讨论。以海南新在箅股份有限公司的产品创新开发并行工程为背景,讨论了并行设计这一技术和管理结合的现代呀发模式,对加快企业新产品开发速度,提高企业的科学管理水平和提高企业敏捷性的重要意义。     

即食花蛤贮藏前后主要营养成分及氨基酸的比较

本文对即食花蛤贮藏前后的营养成分进行了测定,包括水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、灰分和游离氨基酸。试验结果表明:90d的贮藏降低了水分、粗蛋白和游离氨基酸的含量,粗脂肪和灰分的含量在贮藏前后无显著差异(p>0.05)。即食花蛤中粗蛋白、必需氨基酸和半必需氨基酸含量的降低表明其营养价值在贮藏后期降低,呈味氨基酸含量的降低引起了其在贮藏后期鲜味的下降和口感的降低。     

离心通风机叶片加长前后的数值研究

以G4-73№8D型离心通风机为研究对象,使用Fluent数值模拟软件分别对叶片加长前、后进行了三维定常数值模拟.结果表明:离心式通风机叶片加长后,内部流场变化明显.风机全压提高迅速,提高风机出力作用明显.通过对风机叶片两次加长进行数值模拟,推导出叶片加长后风机性能参数的变化规律,对风机的改造具有一定的指导意义.     

Structural and chemical study of C/C composites before and after braking tests

The oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents of three kinds of C/C composites used for brake discs, before and after braking tests, have been measured by a combustion-infrared method. The morphologies of wear debris have been observed by SEM, and the relationships between their oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents and crystal structures and friction properties have been established. The results have shown that the oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents of the C/C composites are mainly determined by structural defects, and are independent of the degree of anisotropy; the greater the number of lattice defects, the higher the contents of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen were desorbed during the braking tests, but they were re-adsorbed on the friction surface and wear debris in greater amounts after braking. The oxygen content directly affects the friction behavior; the greater the amount of oxygen desorbed, the greater the increase in friction coefficient, that is, the worse the stability of friction.     

Relation between the fluctuations in hole shape and position before and after reaming

A model of the relation between the hole’s size and shape fluctuations before and after reaming is developed.     

Examination of mucosal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy before and after removal of debris

A rapid method is described whereby gastrointestinal biopsy specimen surfaces can be examined by scanning electron microscopy with overlying tract contents (debris) intact, and also re-examined after cleaning to determine the structure of the underlying mucosal surface. The conductive coating of gold is removed using mercury, a non-wetting agent. The specimen surface is suitably cleaned of debris after a brief ultrasonication in absolute ethanol which mixes with the transitional fluid (CO₂) used for critical point drying.     

剃齿前径向误差对剃齿后切向误差的影响

根据齿轮滚齿时产生的径向误差Fr对剃齿后切向误差Fw影响的分析,指出现场生产中必须加强剃齿前对滚齿径向误差Fr的控制,用以提高齿轮剃齿精度。     

电化学充氢前后304L奥氏体不锈钢的塑性对比

对304L奥氏体不锈钢板进行电化学充氢,研究了其充氢前后拉伸性能与氢含量的关系以及充氢再放氢后的拉伸性能,并分析了拉伸断口的断裂性质。结果表明:充氢后不锈钢的塑性明显降低,且塑性降低程度随着氢含量的增加而增大,当可扩散氢的质量分数大于12×10-6时,伸长率的损减率达到10%以上;试样断口的表层由充氢前的韧性断裂变为充氢后的脆性断裂,放氢后塑性得到一定程度的恢复。