带参的三次三角多项式样条曲线

给出了带有参数λ的三次三角多项式样条曲线.与二次B样条曲线类似,曲线的每一段由相继的三个控制顶点生成;对于等距节点,在一般情形下,曲线达到了C1连续;而当λ=1时,曲线达到了C3连续.λ有明确的几何意义,λ越大,曲线越逼近控制多边形.实例表明,所给曲线为曲线/曲面的设计提供了一种有效的方法.     

基于曲线和曲面控制的多边形物体变形反走样

基于参数曲线和曲面控制的空间变形是重要的几何外形编辑和柔性物体动画实现手段．当这两类变形方法的对象是多边形物体时,如何对变形物体进行重采样以得到高质量结果,是计算机动画和几何造型领域中的一个重要问题．该文针对B-样条曲线和曲面控制的空间变形方法,提出了面向多边形物体的空间变形反走样方法．在该方法中,利用等距技术将B-样条曲线或曲面所张成的变形空间近似表示为张量积B-样条参数体,结合作者提出的多边形物体精确B-样条自由变形方法,实现了参数曲线和曲面控制的多边形物体变形反走样．     

高阶连续的形状可调三角多项式曲线曲面

目的目前使用的B样条曲线曲面存在着高连续阶与高局部调整性两者无法兼而有之的不足,且B样条曲线曲面的形状被控制顶点和节点向量唯一确定,这些因素影响着B样条方法的几何设计效果与方便性。本文旨在克服这种局限,以期构造具有高次B样条方法的高连续阶,低次B样条方法的高局部调整性,以及有理B样条方法权因子决定的形状调整性的曲线曲面。方法在三角函数空间上构造了一组含参数的调配函数,进而定义具有与3次B样条曲线曲面相同结构的新曲线与张量积曲面。结果新曲线曲面继承了B样条方法的凸包性、对称性、几何不变性等诸多性质。不同的是,同样是基于4点分段,3次均匀B样条曲线C2连续,而对于等距节点,在一般情况下,新曲线C5连续,当参数取特殊值时可达C7连续。新曲线在C5连续的情况下存在1个形状参数,能较好地调整曲线的形状同时又无须改变控制顶点。另外,将形状参数设为特定值,新曲线可以自动插值给定点列。新曲面具有与新曲线相应的优点。结论在强局部性下实现高阶连续性的形状可调分段组合曲线曲面,为高阶光滑曲线曲面的设计提供了可能,并且新曲线实现了逼近与插值的统一表示,能较好地应用于工程实际。调配函数的构造方法具有一般性,可用相同方式构造其他具有类似性质的调配函数。     

两种带形状参数的曲线

本文构造了两种带参数的三角样条基,基于这两组基定义了两种三角样条曲线。与二次B样条曲线类似,这两种曲线的每一段都由相继的三个控制顶点生成。这两种曲线具有许多与二次B样条曲线类似的性质,但它们的连续性都比二次B样条曲线更好。对于等距节点,在一般情况下,这两种曲线都整体C3连续,在特殊条件下,它们都可达C5连续。两种曲线中的形状参数均有明确的几何意义,参数越大,曲线越靠近控制多边形。另外,当形状参数满足一定条件时,这两种曲线都具有比二次B样条曲线更好的对控制多边形的逼近性。运用张量积方法,将这两种曲线推广后所得到的曲面也具有较好的连续性。     

两种带形状参数的三角曲线

定义了带形状参数的三次三角多项式曲线和三次三角样条曲线。前者具有 与二次Bézier 曲线类似的端点性质,但逼近性比二次Bézier 曲线更好,且在拼接时能达到 更高阶的连续性。而后者与二次B 样条曲线类似,其每一段由相继的三个控制顶点生成。 对于等距节点,在一般情况下曲线C2 连续,在特殊条件下可达C3 连续。     

带形状参数的二次B样条曲线

提出一种带形状参数的二次B样条曲线,这种曲线对非均匀节点为C^1-连续,对于均匀节点且当所有参数都等于1时为C^2-连续．与不带形状参数的二次B样条曲线相比,其形状既能整体变化又能局部变化,并且能从两侧逼近控制多边形．此外,毋需采用重节点技术或解方程组就能直接插值控制点或控制边．     

基于四点分段的一类三角多项式曲线

提出了一类m(m=1,2,3)次分段三角多项式曲线，通过引入形状参数，给出了加权三角多项式曲线，与三次B样条曲线类似。每段三角多项式曲线由4个相继的控制点生成，对于等距节点的情形，所提出的三角多项式曲线是C^2m-1连续；给出了三角开曲线和闭曲线的构造方法。论述了椭圆的表示方法，给出了三角多项式曲线与三次B样条曲线的对比，通过改变次数m或调整形状参数，可以得到不同程度地接近于控制多边形的曲线，因此，所给曲线的生成方法是一种结构简单和使用方便的曲线生成方法。     

五阶与六阶三角样条曲线

利用三角函数构造了两个含参数的函数组,它们分别由6 个、7 个函数组 成,分析了这两个函数组的性质。由这两组函数定义了两种新的样条曲线,它们分别具有与 五次、六次B 样条曲线相同的结构。新曲线在继承B 样条曲线基本性质的同时,又具备了 一些新的优点。例如,在等距节点下,新曲线在节点处均可以达到C5 连续,而且在不改变 控制顶点的情况下,新曲线的形状均可以通过改变形状参数的值进行调整。另外,给出了使 新曲线插值于控制多边形首末端点的方法,以及构造闭曲线的方法等,文中的图例说明了新 方法的正确性和可行性。     

非均匀B样条曲线升阶的新算法

实践证明，传统的Ｂ样条曲线升阶算法只能解决端点插值Ｂ样条曲线的升阶问题，当用于其它非均匀Ｂ样条曲线以及均匀Ｂ样条曲线的升阶进均会出现严重错误，本文基于一个新的Ｂ样条恒等式，提出了一个Ｂ样条曲线升阶的新算法，该算法可用于任何均匀和非均匀的Ｂ样条曲线的升阶，当用于一段均匀Ｂ样条曲线的升阶时，不需要的节点矢量中间插入任何节点，升阶后仍为一条均匀Ｂ样条曲线，其计算简便、速度快。本文最后还得到两个新结论：（     

一种类四次三角样条曲线

针对B样条曲线相对于其控制多边形形状固定,以及不能描述除抛物线以外的圆锥曲线的不足进行改进。将形状参数与三角函数进行有机结合,构造了一组含参数的三角基,由这组基定义了带形状参数的三角样条曲线,其每一段由相继的5个控制顶点生成。新曲线在继承B样条曲线主要优点的同时,既具有形状可调性,又能精确表示椭圆,对于等距节点,在一般情况下曲线C³连续,当形状参数取特殊值时曲线可达C⁵连续。采用张量积方法,将曲线推广后所得到的曲面具有与曲线类似的性质,给出了用曲面表示椭球面的方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.