南方村镇住宅被动式致凉研究

致凉和采暖是一组相对概念。我国南方村镇数目众多,人口较密集,经济较发达,广大村镇住宅共同面临夏季炎热气候。良好的致凉措施是南方村镇住宅在炎热夏季获得舒适居住环境的必要条件。基于节能理念,在理论上阐释了"被动式致凉"概念,总结出了通风致凉、遮阳致凉、隔热致凉和环境致凉等四种致凉方法及其具体技术手段,分析了这些致凉方法的原理、特点,并确立了村镇住宅致凉设计的被动式为主、与建筑一体化以及因地制宜等三个原则。     

活动外遮阳在被动式超低能耗建筑中的节能效果研究

以石家庄地区某被动式超低能耗居住建筑项目为例,选取该项目地块中的最不利楼栋,通过DeST软件对不同遮阳方案进行模拟计算,分析不同方案下的制冷需求及夏季制冷能耗,并针对项目提出合适的活动外遮阳设置策略.根据模拟计算结果可知,在南向设置活动外遮阳可有效降低制冷需求,从而降低空调能耗,达到节能目的.但考虑活动遮阳的成本及性能...     

夏热冬冷地区被动房围护结构节能设计研究——以武汉凌悦华府项目为例

随着我国城市建设快速发展以及人民生活条件不断提高,建筑能耗的总量及其所占全国能源消费总量比例都在逐年升高。该文以适宜我国夏热冬冷地区居住建筑围护结构低能耗设计为目标,参照德国被动房的参数标准及我国现行设计标准,通过无热桥、被动式门窗及遮阳系统、气密性三方面设计策略,探索建筑围护结构被动式节能设计方法。对我国被动式建筑设计以及现有建筑亟需存量更新状况及未来发展提供新的途径和方法。     

被动式超低能耗居住建筑施工技术研究

被动式超低能耗建筑能够最大限度地降低建筑的热损失,在为人们提供舒适的居住环境的同时,减少采暖制冷的能量消耗。主要从被动式超低能耗建筑的特殊性入手,介绍了被动式超低能耗建筑的发展、技术指标等,从热回收新风、外窗安装、保温系统、遮阳施工、气密性施工五个方面阐述了被动式建筑的设计及施工技术。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑被动式节能设计适用性分析

被动式技术是建筑节能设计的有效途径。而城市的区域气候特征又决定了被动式设计在建筑中应用的时效性。针对中国夏热冬冷地区气候特征,选取上海﹑武汉﹑重庆﹑南京﹑长沙五个城市居住建筑能耗与热环境状况进行分析。在WeaTool计算分析基础上,提出了适用度概念,并针对五个城市在通风、降温、太阳辐射、围护结构方面可行的被动式技术适用度进行分析,讨论了五个城市居住建筑被动式设计的策略和方法。     

上海住宅室内热环境模拟研究

文章通过对上海某居住建筑室内热环境的模拟计算,分析上海气候环境下居住建筑室内热环境的特点,并相应提出了若干改善居住建筑室内热环境的被动式设计策略。     

浅谈天津地区被动式绿色建筑设计条件

被动式节能设计手段是建筑师在方案设计阶段需要重点考虑的策略。被动设计策略主要可以从规划布局设计、建筑单体设计、维护结构设计三个层次上进行研究。参考天津地区气候特征,依据《被动式超低能耗绿色建筑技术导则》对该地区的建筑保温、遮阳、采光、通风等环境因素进行评估与分析,从而对天津地区被动式节能建筑技术策略的适应性手段进行阐述。文中所列节能策略均考虑到天津地区自然气候特征,旨在为天津地区建筑设计实践及旧房改造提供参考依据。     

对山地环境中建筑设计的研究

通过对山地居住建筑环境设计、空间组织、山地城市整体特征的研究,并从山地建筑设计原则、交通组织、建筑群布置与环境关系、城市轮廓与山地等几个方面来阐述自己的观点,从而希望有助于在山地建筑设计中,树立整体意识和环境意识,创造宜人的山地城市与居住空间环境.     

基于适应性热舒适的农宅设计策略初探:以湖北罗田骆驼坳镇为例

本文以在湖北罗田骆驼坳镇展开的适应性热舒适调研为基础,针对当地农宅缺乏热工性能设计、室内热环境差的现状,结合农民在日常生活中采取的采暖降温方式以及各种热调节行为的特征,并以获取更广泛的适应性热舒适为目标,提出多种适宜当地气候和居住习惯的农村设计策略。依靠被动式节能设计,夏季争取良好的室内通风并有效遮阳,冬季充分利用太阳辐射,则可大大改善室内热环境获得适应性热舒适;当气候恶劣启动主动式采暖降温方式时,改善外围护构件的保温性能及房屋密闭性可大大提高用能效率。     

秦巴山区农村传统民居绿色建筑模式初探

本文通过对秦巴山区山地传统民居进行实地调查,对其民居宅院建造特征、结构形式、构造方式进行了分析。在此基础上,结合气候模拟程序对该区域的自然气候环境与被动式建筑策略关系进行了定量化的研究,总结了秦巴山区农村传统民居适合当地气候及自然条件的绿色建筑模式,为该区域山地农村民居生态化建设提供引导及借鉴。     

浅论建筑学专业的风景园林教育

文章从建筑学专业特点人手,分析了建筑学和风景园林学的关系,强调了在建筑学专业开展风景园林教育的意义,明确了风景园林教育在建筑学专业中的角色定位,提出了针对建筑学专业学生开展风景园林教育的课程内容设置和教学策略。     

Using passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in U.A.E. buildings

Passive design responds to local climate and site conditions in order to maximise the comfort and health of building users while minimising energy use. The key to designing a passive building is to take best advantage of the local climate. Passive cooling refers to any technologies or design features adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate settings, namely Dubai, United Arab Emirates. One case building was selected and eight passive cooling strategies were applied. Energy simulation software – namely IES – was used to assess the performance of the building. Solar shading performance was also assessed using Sun Cast Analysis, as a part of the IES software. Energy reduction was achieved due to both the harnessing of natural ventilation and the minimising of heat gain in line with applying good shading devices alongside the use of double glazing. Additionally, green roofing proved its potential by acting as an effective roof insulation. The study revealed several significant findings including that the total annual energy consumption of a residential building in Dubai may be reduced by up to 23.6% when a building uses passive cooling strategies.     

智能建筑的室内生态环境

从智能建筑和室内生态环境的概念出发,论 保证智能建筑室内环境品质的基本原则,介绍了选用节能窗,建筑外阳板等被动式和采用置换通风,冷辐射吊顶等主动式方法,在智能建筑内创造良好的生态环境,保证室内环境吕质的途径,提出对建筑自动化系统中环境品质控制的建议。     

严寒地区住宅建筑通风及遮阳技术方案的节能率研究

为了寻求高效降低严寒地区建筑节能技术,根据严寒地区典型住宅建筑仿真模型,深入分析了基于典型通风及遮阳的15种被动技术方案的节能率。研究结果表明,与普通自然通风相比,其他通风方式对建筑能耗的节能率并不高,仅能达到0.03%。与无遮阳相比,其他遮阳方式对建筑能耗产生负面作用,并不能节约建筑能耗。对于严寒地区典型住宅建筑,建议采用自然通风及无遮阳方式。研究成果可为严寒地区被动技术应用与管理方向提供一些参考。     

生态视角下山地城市住区停车景观营造策略研究

在住区停车与景观之间矛盾激化的背景下,针对山地城市住区生态环境敏感度高的特点,论证了将生态视角引入山地城市住区停车景观研究的必要性,并从生态视角研究了山地城市住区停车景观的特征及影响因素。进而通过调研,总结目前山地城市住区停车景观存在的问题。最后结合研究与现状问题,从宏观城市住区层面和微观景观要素层面提出了山地城市住区停车景观的营造策略,以期为山地城市住区停车景观营造提供一种新的思路。     

A study of the effectiveness of passive climate control in naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore

Singapore has the hot and humid climate throughout the year. Many passive climate control methods are adopted in the naturally ventilated residential buildings to help achieve thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning. A field measurement and computational energy simulations were conducted to examine the effectiveness of commonly used passive climate control methods for these buildings. The effect of building orientation, façade construction, special roof system and window shading device on indoor thermal environment and cooling load was studied. The surface temperature of external wall and indoor thermal environment was measured to analyze the façade thermal performance. The cooling load was simulated to evaluate the effectiveness of various passive climate methods. Using the special roof system as thermal buffer is the most efficient method to reduce the room cooling load.     

浅谈生态住区的规划与建设

以大连大有恬园居住小区二期为例,叙述了其节能、节水等生态建设手法以及在整个规划方案布局上体现的生态住区理念,包括环境空间突出＂山＂＂水＂＂绿＂,住区空间规划＂瘦＂＂露＂＂透＂,以期通过生态设计方法促进人居环境质量的提高和人与自然的和谐。     

Low cost passive cooling system for social housing in dry hot climate

The low energy approach should be the key concept in any long-term strategy aiming to build sustainability. For Madrid climate, action should be taken to reduce energy demand for heating and cooling in residential buildings.The performance of a passive cooling system was developed as a part of design work for the project of a low cost residential building. The passive cooling systems incorporate a solar chimney and precool the air by using the sanitary area of the building. The natural ventilation is enhanced with the help of the solar chimney and fresh air is cooled down by circulation within the sanitary area. The application of this system to the living rooms of a low cost residential building was evaluated and implemented. This cooling system incorporated to a residential building is the third prototype developed since 1991 by the designers. A model was developed to allow to predict the temperature of the air in the living room. The performance of the passive cooling system was evaluated based on the energy balance for a typical summer day.To reduce the energy demand in winter, a new design and window orientation has been developed and evaluated using DOE-2 simulation tool. The building has been constructed and monitored during 2006-2007.     

Design of a porous-type residential building model with low environmental load in hot and humid Asia

The purpose of this study is to propose a residential building model with voids which is appropriate for hot and humid regions of Asia with high population densities that also reduces the environmental load of buildings. This paper will explain an outline of a porous-type residential building model in Hanoi and the design process for introducing voids in buildings in order to improve natural cross ventilation effectively. Furthermore, the effects of natural ventilation, solar shading, and some devices for air conditioning systems for reduction the cooling and environmental load are estimated.     

Experimental study of cooling effects of a passive evaporative cooling wall constructed of porous ceramics with high water soaking-up ability

As a passive cooling strategy aimed at controlling increased surface temperatures and creating cooler urban environments in summer, the authors developed a passive evaporative cooling wall (PECW) constructed of porous ceramics. These ceramics possess a capillary force to soak water, which means that their vertical surface is wet up to a level higher than 100 cm when their lower end is placed in water. The present paper describes an experiment that clarifies the cooling effects of a prototype PECW constructed of pipe-shaped ceramics. The PECW is capable of absorbing water and allows wind penetration, thus reducing its surface temperature by means of water evaporation. Passive cooling effects such as solar shading, radiation cooling, and ventilation cooling can be enhanced by incorporating PECWs into the design of outdoor or semi-outdoor spaces in parks, pedestrian areas and residential courtyards. The following findings were understood from an experimental data collected over a summer period. Wet vertical surfaces of the ceramic pipe reached a height of over 1 m at an outdoor location exposed to solar radiation. Wet surface conditions can be maintained throughout successive sunny days during summer. A slight difference in the vertical surface temperatures of the ceramic pipe was found. The air passing through the PECW was cooled, and its temperature can be reduced to a minimum value by several degrees during summer daytime. It was also found that the surface temperature of the shaded ceramic pipe can be maintained at a temperature nearly equal to the wet-bulb temperature of outdoor air.