咪唑啉型两性表面活性剂的研究——烷基咪唑啉的两性化及产品的物化性能

通过N-(β-羟乙基)-2-烷基咪唑啉与氯乙酸钠反应,合成了八种具有不同烷基的咪唑啉两性表面活性剂,对产品的结构、组成及分折手段进行了探讨,测定了产品的表面张力与起泡性能,其中月桂酸咪唑啉两性表面活性剂具有较好的物化性能。     

2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉的合成及性能

以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺为原料,合成了十一烷基羟乙基咪唑啉,再与季铵化试剂氯乙酸乙酯反应合成了低盐含量的2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(LSUHCI)。用FT-IR和质谱表征了十一烷基羟乙基咪唑啉中间体结构,并进行了组分定性定量分析,用FT-IR和1H?NMR表征了LSUHCI的结构,研究对比了其与普通型2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(UHCI)的物化性能。结果表明,LSUHCI中NaCl含量为1.3%,是一种低盐型表面活性剂,LSUHCI的平衡表面张力(γcmc)为27.52?mN/m,临界胶束浓度(cmc)、润湿性和乳化性均优于UHCI,发泡性和稳泡性比UHCI差。     

2－十一烷基－N－羧甲基－N－羟乙基咪唑啉的合成与应用

本文介绍了以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料，用固体催化剂，在真空条件下，以氮气保护并气提出水分，合成２－十一烷基－Ｎ－羧甲基－Ｎ－羟乙基咪唑啉及其应用。     

新发明

中国专利CN1087334A报道了一种新型两性表面活性剂及其合成方法。该表面活性剂的化学名称为;N-十二烷基-N-羟乙基-N-(甲酰胺基乙基)铵基乙酸盐。这种表面活性剂主要是从2-十一烷基-1-羟乙基-2-咪唑啉,经还原、甲酰化和季铵化制备而得。它在分子中引入了羟乙基,可使其水溶性得到改善;引入酰胺键,使其耐水解能力增强;同时,甲酰基还有抗静电、杀菌、防腐等性能。因而,这新型两性表面活性剂具有较好的综合性能。     

十一烷基羧甲基羟乙基咪唑啉的合成及性能

以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺、氯乙酸等为原料,两步法制备一种十一烷基羧甲基羟乙基咪唑啉表面活性剂;第一步法研究了咪唑啉中间体的合成方法,得出较优的合成工艺:采用氮气保护法,n月桂酸︰n羟乙基乙二胺为1︰1.16,在温度150～170℃反应,直到游离酸不再下降,接着升温到210～220℃,然后脱除过量的羟乙基乙二胺;第二步法利用正交实验优化了季铵化工艺条件,结果表明,较优工艺条件为:n中间体∶n氯乙酸=1∶2.1,反应温度为90～95℃,反应pH9.0～10.0,在此条件下,产率达到97.9%。并利用德国KRUSS张力仪测定其水溶液的表面张力为24.8 mN/m,十一烷基羧甲基羟乙基咪唑啉表面活性剂的表面性能良好。     

真空催化法合成1-羟乙基-2-十一烷基-2-咪唑啉

<正> 1-羟乙基-2-十一烷基-2-咪唑啉,可用作纺织及日用化学工业的表面活性剂,也是合成咪唑啉型表面活性剂的中间体。它的合成常采用溶剂法和真空法。真空催化法国内尚未见报道。我们对真空催化法进行了研究。在Al_2O_3催化剂的作用下,月桂酸与羟乙基乙二胺在减压下先生成酰胺,再脱水关环,即得到1-羟乙基-2-十一烷基-2-咪唑啉。其     

咪唑啉两性表面活性剂—HECMAI的研究

一、概述表面活性剂在实际应用中,常因阴离子型和阳离子型表面活性剂相互影响而降低其性能,使应用范围受到一定的影响。两性表面活性剂与各种阴离子、阳离子和非离子型的表面活性剂配合,都具有优良的配伍性,能以任何比例进行复配。本研究的1-羟乙基-1-羧甲基-2-烷基咪唑啉钠盐(简称为 HECMAI),是一种高效、无毒、低刺激性、且有优良生物降解特性的两性表面活性剂。在日用化妆品工业中,主要用于配制高档专用护发香波。咪唑啉两性表面活性剂具有丰满、细腻的泡沫,洗发后赋予头发光泽和柔软性,尤其是它的无毒、对眼睛的刺激性极低,无过敏反应等优点,是其他表面活性剂不可比拟的。咪唑啉两性表面活性剂     

柔软剂SCM的中间体合成研究

本文研究柔软剂SCM的中间体1-羟乙基-2-十七烷基-2-咪唑啉的催化法合成,使用A_2lO_3作催化剂,硬脂酸和羟乙基乙二胺作原料。     

红外光谱法测定烷基咪唑啉含量

本文研究了定量测定1-羟乙基-2-烷基-2-咪唑啉的方法。该法以氯仿为溶剂,用红外光谱测定样品在1600cm~(-1)处的吸光度。当样品中烷基咪唑啉的含量为2~30gL~(-1)时,其吸光度与浓度呈线性关系。方法的标准差偏为0.80~1.20%。     

柔软剂SCM的合成及其应用

一、前言柔软剂SCM系咪唑啉型两性表面活性剂,化学名称是:N-羧甲基-N-羟基-N-羟乙基-2-十七烷基咪唑啉。包含阴离子基团和阳离子基团,在碱性时此两性剂的性能接近阴离子剂,在酸性时则接近阳离子剂,因而耐酸、耐碱、耐各种程度硬水,可扩散钙皂,它本身在离子性方面是平衡的,所以它的性能在许多方面和非离子相似。它的突出优点是:其等电点在pH=7,可在任何pH条件下和所有表面活     

UV固化生物基改性柔性环氧丙烯酸酯的合成及性能

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、衣康酸为原料合成衣康酸甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMAIA),然后使之与环氧大豆油(ESO)进行开环反应,合成含有侧甲基和多个碳碳双键的ESO-HEMAIA。研究不同反应条件对ESO-HEMAIA合成的影响,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)对所合成的产物进行表征分析,同时,对纯ESO-HEMAIA与环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯(AESO)的双键转化率及涂膜性能进行研究。结果表明,ESO-HEMAIA的官能度最高可达5. 2;虽然AESO的双键转化率高于ESO-HEMAIA,但纯ESO-HEMAIA比AESO涂膜有着更好的硬度、热稳定性,吸水率可降至1. 01%。     

Alcoholysis of waste fats with 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol using Candida antarctica lipase A in large‐scale tests

Commercial native lipase A from Candida antarctica was used to produce alkyl esters through the alcoholysis of (waste) fats with 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol. The process was carried out in batch stirred tank reactors (from 100 mL up to 3000 L). The content of alkyl esters in reaction mixtures was determined by gradient HPLC using an evaporative light scattering detector and the reaction progress was controlled by determining the ratio of the palmitic acid ester peak area to the oleic acid ester peak area in HPLC chromatograms. The results show that alcoholysis is the favoured reaction in presence of excess water and water‐insoluble alcohols in comparison with hydrolysis (fatty acid content <5%). The optimum amount of water for the alcoholysis was found to be 80–100% of the amount of fat. In the presence of low quantities of water both alcoholysis and hydrolysis are slow. Conversion rate increases with increasing temperature to 65–70 °C. Based on these results a large‐scale test to produce 3000 L of alkyl ester (to be used as lubricant coolant) was carried out. The experiments have proved that alcoholysis is completed after about 7–10 h depending on temperature.     

原儿茶酸烷基酯在水包油乳液中的抗氧化行为

以原儿茶酸(PA)和系列正烷基醇为原料,采用直接酯化法合成了4种PA烷基酯。用IR和1HNMR表征了其结构,用DPPH法和ABTS法测定了其自由基清除能力,用Schaal烘箱实验考察了其在水包油乳液中的抗氧化效率。结果表明,PA酯化后增强了其对自由基的清除能力,并且随着烷基链长的增加清除能力增强。PA酯化提高了其在水包油乳液中的抗氧化效率,并随烷基链长的增加,抗氧化效率先增大后下降,原儿茶酸辛酯的抗氧化效率最佳。各种PA烷基酯在乳化剂吐温20的体积分数为4%、油与水体积比2∶8的菜籽油乳液中的抗氧化效率最佳。与添加PA的乳液相比,添加PA烷基酯的乳液的共轭二烯含量(CD)值达到1的时间以及p-茴香胺含量(AV)值达到6的时间均显著增加。     

Surface characteristics of poly(γ‐alkyl α l‐glutamate)s with different alkyl groups

A series of poly(γ‐alkyl α L ‐glutamate)s with different alkyl groups were synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of corresponding α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides. The characteristics of these polyglutamate surfaces were evaluated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, water contact angle, water absorption, protein adsorption, and platelet adhesion measurements. Changing the length of the alkyl side chain provides a unique opportunity to study the influence of carbon number in the alkyl group on the surface properties of the polyglutamates. Water contact angle and water absorption data show that the hydrophilicity of these polyglutamate surfaces decreases with the increasing of methylene in the alkyl group. Protein adsorption on these polyglutamate surfaces increases with the enhancing of surface hydrophobicity. However, the changes in platelets adhesion could be attributed to the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the polyglutamates and the specific effect of alkyl group. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Influence of fatty acid structure on liquid crystal formation in systems with anionic surfactant,diethyleneglycol ethylether and water

The influence of the fatty acid structure on the formation of transparent gels with lamellar liquid crystal structure, for systems composed of an anionic surfactant, fatty acid, diethyleneglycol ethyl ether and water, was investigated. The influence of the alkyl chain length, for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, was considered. Moreover, for a given alkyl chain length, the influence of polyunsaturation was also considered. The results obtained indicate that with saturated fatty acids, it is not possible to form lamellar liquid crystals with the appearance of transparent gels, and that in the case of unsaturated acids, the influence of the alkyl chain length is more important than the degree of unsaturation.     

Stabilization of hydrophobic domains in hydrogel by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carboxylic groups at the distal end of alkyl side-chain

The role of intermolecular hydrogen bond on the stability of hydrophobically associated domains of hydrogel, consisting of 12-acryloyloxydodecanoic acid (ADA; hydrophobic) or 6-acryloyloxyhexanoic acid (AHA; hydrophobic) and acrylic acid (AA; hydrophilic), carrying an alkyl side group terminated by carboxylic acid, was studied by swelling behavior in an organic solvent/water mixture. We chose propionic acid (PAc) and 1-propanol (PrOH) as organic solvents whose solubility parameter, log P, logarithmic partition equilibrium coefficient for octanol/water, is similar. The equilibrated swelling ratio of poly(ADA-co-AA) and poly(AHA-co-AA) gels by PAc was higher than by PrOH at a lower composition (ca. 5–15 mol%) and that of homo-polymer poly(AHA) gel by PAc was higher even at a high composition (up to ca. 70 mol%). The variation in swelling with solvent/water composition indicated a cross-over between the two solvent systems and this phenomenon did not depend on the alkyl side-chain length. Using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, we observed the remarkable shift of the wavelength corresponding to the hydrogen bond in PAc aqueous solutions. Non-dissociated short alkanoic acid, which can penetrate hydrophobic domains and form hydrogen bonds with non-dissociated carboxylic groups of the polymer gel, favors the disruption of hydrophobic domains, causing swelling. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carboxylic groups of the alkyl side-chain are thus closely involved in the stability of hydrophobic domains in copolymer gel.     

HEMA-AA水溶液聚合合成高吸水性树脂研究

以甲基丙烯酸－β－羟乙脂（HEMA）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料，过硫酸铵为引发剂，N，N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用水溶液聚合法可合成HEMA－AA共聚高吸水性树脂。考察了有关聚合条件对高吸水性树脂性能的影响，HEMA的加入对树脂的耐盐性能有提高。     

Struktur und Reaktivität heterosubstituierter Nitrile. XVIII [1]. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Alkohol-Addition an Arylcyanate in Gegenwart tertiärer Amine

Structure and Reactivity of Heterosubstituted Nitriles. XVIII. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Addition of Alcohols to Aryl Cyanates in Presence of Tertiary Amines The mechanism of the carbonic acid arylester imide or carbamic acid arylester formation by the addition of alcohols or water to aryl cyanates in the presence of tertiary amines has been studied. After a slow formation of an autocatalyst, an intermediate is formed in a fast equilibrium between this one and a molecule of aryl cyanate and tertiary amine. This intermediate is slowly alcoholyzed to carbonimidic acid diester which in part is fragmented by the base to phenole and alkyl cyanate. The alkyl cyanate undergoes further reaction with the alcohol and the amine to dialkyl ether and trialkyl ammonium cyanate in the reaction mixture.     

Phase studies of the systems synthetic soap-sodium chloride-water

Summary The phase behavior of ternary mixtures of various synthetic soaps, sodium chloride, and water are described. Several mixed sodium alkyl sulphates were investigated in detail at two temperatures; pure alkyl sulphates and alkyl and alkylarene sulphonates were investigated only tentatively. The phase relations showed a striking resemblance with those of fatty acid soaps.     

多聚磷酸法烷基磷酸酯的合成研究

用多聚磷酸与十六醇为原料制备出烷基磷酸酯。结果表明：当磷酸中五氧化二磷含量为７９９８％,十六醇与磷酸摩尔比为０９０,温度为７５℃的条件下反应６ｈ,单酯收率可达９３４％,酯总收率为９４５％。