W波段InGaAs/InP动态二分频器

采用fT=214 GHz,fmax=193 GHz的InGaAs/InP异质结双极型晶体管工艺,设计了一款基于时钟驱动型反相器的动态二分频器.该分频器工作频段为60 ～ 100 GHz,但由于测试系统上限频率的限制,只能测出62 ～ 83 GHz的工作范围.在-4.2V和-5.2 V的单电源直流偏置下该分频器的功耗分别为596.4 mW、1060.8 mW.此分频器的成功制作对于工作在W波段锁相环的构建有较大的意义.     

基于90nm CMOS工艺的12GHz二分频器

采用90 nm CMOS工艺,实现了一个基于电流模式逻辑的12 GHz二分频器.该分频器具有很宽的锁定频率范围(1～12 GHz),在输入信号频率为8 GHz时,输入灵敏度达到-30 dBm.分频器工作在1.2 V电源电压下,消耗的电流大约为1.5 mA.给出了该设计的后仿真结果.     

一种可编程的2.4GHz CMOS多模分频器

采用0.35μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一种多模分频器.该多模分频器由一个除4或5的预分频器和一个除128～255多模分频器在同一芯片上连接而成;在电路设计中,分析了预分频器功耗和速度之间的折中关系,根据每级单元电路的输入频率不同对128～255多模分频器采用了功耗优化技术;对整个芯片的输入输出PAD进行了ESD保护设计;该分频器在单端信号输入情况下可以工作到2.4GHz,在差分信号输入下可以工作到2.6GHz以上;在3.3V电源电压下,双模预分频器的工作电流为11mA,多模分频器的工作电流为17mA;不包括PAD的芯片核心区域面积为0.65mm×0.3mm.该可编程多模分频器可以用于2.4GHz ISM频段锁相环式频率综合器.     

一种可编程的2.4GHz CMOS多模分频器

采用0.35μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一种多模分频器.该多模分频器由一个除4或5的预分频器和一个除128～255多模分频器在同一芯片上连接而成;在电路设计中,分析了预分频器功耗和速度之间的折中关系,根据每级单元电路的输入频率不同对128～255多模分频器采用了功耗优化技术;对整个芯片的输入输出PAD进行了ESD保护设计;该分频器在单端信号输入情况下可以工作到2.4GHz,在差分信号输入下可以工作到2.6GHz以上;在3.3V电源电压下,双模预分频器的工作电流为11mA,多模分频器的工作电流为17mA;不包括PAD的芯片核心区域面积为0.65mm×0.3mm.该可编程多模分频器可以用于2.4GHz ISM频段锁相环式频率综合器.     

高速低功耗自适应可编程分频器

在约翰逊计数分频器的基础上,设计了一款双级结构分频器,采用系数自适应分配技术,显著提升了分频器的工作频率,并有效降低功耗。基于45nm CMOS工艺进行仿真,结果表明:该分频器最高工作频率可达8GHz,在1GHz时,49分频的双级可编程分频器功耗仅为63μW,在8GHz时,功耗为312μW。与典型的约翰逊结构相比,双级分频器工作频率可提升1.6倍,在分频器系数设置为6时,最大功耗优化比达到51.82%。     

微波宽带单片集成电路二分频器的设计与实现

采用D触发器进行分频,设计了基于主从D触发器的1:2分频器,该分频器主要由输入缓冲电路、分频器内核、输出缓冲电路和电流偏置电源四个模块组成.HBT工艺具有速度快、相位噪声低的优点,采用HBT工艺,成功地设计了输入频率范围为50 MHz～7 GHz的静态二分频器.测试结果表明,该分频器在输入频率为3.7 GHz,输入-20 dBm功率时,输出功率4 dBm;电源电压5 V,工作电流85 mA,芯片尺寸为0.85 mm×0.85 mm.     

5 GHz 0.18-μm CMOS 可编程分频器

提出了一种2.4GHz ZigBee 应用的可编程分频器,其分频模值在2403-2480之间变化。该分频器基于双模分频器和吞咽计数器架构,功耗和面积得到了有效降低。芯片采用0.18-μm CMOS混合信号工艺实现,当输入信号达到7.5dBm时,分频器可正常工作的频率范围覆盖1-7.4 GHz,在100KHz频偏处的输出相位噪声为-125.3dBc/Hz。分频器核心电路消耗电流4.3mA（1.8V电源电压）,核心面积0.015mm2。测试结果表明该可编程分频器能很好的应用在所需的频率综合器中.     

一种新型小数/整数分频器

提出了一种新型小数/整数分频器电路结构,详细分析了该小数/整数分频器的工作原理.该分频器与传统分频器相比,具有控制简单、电路复杂度低、工作频率高等特点.设计基于TSMC 0.25 μm 2.5 V 1P5M CMOS工艺,最高工作频率为4.5 GHz,功耗为10.37 mA,并可以实现128到264之间小数、整数分频.后仿真结果表明,该分频器对频率合成器相位噪声特性有很好的改善作用.     

基于0.5μm InP DHBT工艺的100GHz+静态及动态分频器

<正>针对超高速数模混合电路方面的应用,南京电子器件研究所开发了76.2 mm(3英寸)0.5μm InP DHBT工艺,器件截止频率达到500 GHz以上,可实现3层布线,工艺剖面图及器件性能如图1所示。采用该工艺研制出114 GHz静态分频器以及170 GHz动态分频器。图2为静态分频器及动态分频器实测结果。     

0.35μm CMOS 8.5GHz 1∶8分频器的设计

实现了一个基于触发器结构用0.35μm CMOS工艺实现的1∶8分频器.它由3级1∶2 分频器单元组成,其中第一级为动态分频器,决定了整个芯片的性能,第二、三级为静态分频器,在低频下能稳定工作.分频器采用源极耦合逻辑电路,并在传统的电路结构上进行改进,提高了电路的性能.测试的结果表明,芯片工作速率超过8.5GHz,工作带宽大于2GHz.电路在3.3V电源电压下工作,每个1∶2分频器单元的功耗约为11mW,面积为35μm×50μm.该芯片可应用于高速射频或光电收发机系统中.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks