大豆蛋白的玻璃化转变

在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上,综述了大豆蛋白玻璃化转变的分析方法、转谷氨酰胺酶处理的大豆蛋白低水分的玻璃化转变及大豆蛋白分子结构与其玻璃化转变关系,并对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

玻璃化转变对食品稳定性的影响

本文首先简要介绍玻璃化转变对黏度、扩散和反应速率的影响,而后从物理稳定性、化学稳定性和生物学稳定性三个方面详细论述了玻璃化转变对食品稳定性的影响。在玻璃化转变温度附近温度降低使黏度增大,但小分子物质的扩散系数不再进一步减小。食品可能因发生玻璃化转变而丧失稳定性,但玻璃化转变并不能成为衡量食品稳定性的唯一标准,发生玻璃化转变也不意味着食品稳定性立即丧失。根据玻璃化转变可以较好地预测食品的物理稳定性,而难以有效预测食品的化学和生物学稳定性。     

玻璃化转变在食品贮藏中的应用研究进展

玻璃化转变是指无定形聚合物因受热从玻璃态到橡胶态(高弹态)或因冷却从橡胶态到玻璃态的转变.玻璃化转变是影响食品性质、加工特性和货架期的重要因素之一.文章介绍了玻璃化转变相关的基本理论,阐述了玻璃化转变在微生物和酿造发酵食品、果蔬、淀粉类食品、水产品、乳制品、冷冻禽畜肉类及糖果类食品贮藏方面的研究现状,并对玻璃化转变在食品贮藏的应用进行了展望.     

大豆蛋白的玻璃化转变

在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上，综述了大豆蛋白玻璃化转变的分析方法、转谷氨酰胺酶处理的大豆蛋白低水分的玻璃化转变及大豆蛋白分子结构与其玻璃化转变关系，并对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

玻璃化转变与食品的加工、储存和品质

论述了食品的玻璃化转变与其加工、储存工艺及产品品质间的关系。重点介绍了玻璃化转变对食品的冷冻及干燥工艺的影响,淀粉玻璃化转变对食品的品质的影响,冰淇淋的冷冻保藏和玻璃化法超低温保存等。     

淀粉的玻璃化转变

综述了淀粉的玻璃化转变过程及转变温度的测定方法、影响因素，以及玻璃化转变过程在淀粉类食品加工及贮藏方面的研究进展，并提出了目前淀粉的玻璃化转变研究领域存在的问题，展望了今后的研究方向，以期为后续研究玻璃化转变温度时选择适宜的测定方法提供参考。     

淀粉玻璃化转变及其对食品品质影响

淀粉是以谷物为原料的食品主要成分,而淀粉玻璃化转变对食品品质,特别对质构具有显著影响。该文在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论基础上,综述淀粉玻璃化转变分析方法、影响因素及其对食品品质影响,并对今后研究方向进行展望。     

聚合物玻璃化转变理论在干燥食品加工储藏中的应用

阐述了高聚物玻璃化转变理论及食品的玻璃态和玻璃化转变，介绍了玻璃化转变温度的测量方法和影响因素。食品是含有多种高分子物质的混合体系，它的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）影响到干燥食品的加工工艺和贮藏的稳定性。     

稻谷干燥裂纹及破碎机理研究新进展

不合理的干燥条件导致稻谷出现裂纹,破碎敏感度增大,碾米时整米率降低.近来的研究表明,玻璃化转变可以在稻谷干燥过程中发生,并对裂纹和破碎产生很大影响.介绍了稻谷的玻璃化转变及其对热物性的影响;论述了裂纹的形成以及根据玻璃化转变理论对裂纹形成的解释;阐述了裂纹、破碎、整米率、玻璃化转变的相互关系;最后提出对现有稻谷干燥工艺进行改进的建议以及有待进一步研究的问题.     

玻璃化转化对食品加工和品质的影响

在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上,综述了玻璃化转变对干燥、冷冻、焙烧、糖果及挤压等食品的加工与品质的影响。     

Attitudes behind consumers'' willingness to use functional foods

So-called functional foods are a new category of products that promise consumers improvements in targeted physiological functions. The objective of this study was to quantify the attitudes behind consumers' (n=1158) willingness to use these products. Functional food-related statements formed seven factors describing consumers' attitudes towards functional foods. These factors were as follows: perceived reward from using functional foods, confidence in functional foods, necessity for functional foods, functional foods as medicines, absence of nutritional risks in functional foods, functional foods as part of a healthy diet and the health effects of functional foods vs. their taste. These attitude subscales differentiated between consumers (n=1158) in their reported willingness to use functional foods. The best predictor for willingness to use functional foods was the perceived reward.     

Tin and Iron Content of Canned and Bottled Foods

The tin and iron content of 14 different types of canned foods and of 5 different types of bottled foods were determined. No tin was detected in most bottled foods, but tin was detected in all canned foods. Storage of foods on the shelf for 4 months or in open cans in the refrigerator for 1 wk resulted in increased amounts of tin and iron in some of the canned foods. Those foods which were packed in totally lacquered cans accumulated little tin or iron during storage; those foods which were packed in unlacquered or partially lacquered cans generally accumulated significant amounts of iron and tin during storage. The tin content of the canned foods was not statistically correlated to the pH of the foods.     

全谷物食品、生酮食品对控制Ⅱ型糖尿病的最新研发进展（网络首发、推荐阅读）

Ⅱ型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）已成为全世界严重的公共卫生问题之一。近年来,以全谷物食品与生酮食品为代表,通过改善脂肪、碳水化合物、蛋白等相关营养结构的饮食方式被报道具有控制血糖血脂、减轻体重的效果,并且可以减少T2DM患者药物的使用量。综述了全谷物食品、生酮食品与T2DM相关研究的起源、在控制T2DM发展中的作用及机制;梳理了全谷物、生酮相关食品的开发利用情况、存在问题及发展趋势,基于目前两类食品在开发上均存在不同问题,随着其参与治疗T2DM病程的不断发展,开发一系列营养均衡、色香味俱全的全谷物食品和生酮食品是非常有必要的。     

基于消费者心理视角探究转基因食品发展策略

随着转基因技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,转基因食品的种类和数量与日俱增。然而,转基因食品发展带来的伦理问题不仅引起社会关注,而且直接影响消费者的主观态度、接受程度和购买意愿。同时,消费者的心理感受和购买行为也反向影响着转基因食品的市场份额和发展前景。该文探讨了转基因食品发展与消费者心理的关系,对影响消费者心理感受和购买行为的因素（转基因食品引发的安全伦理问题、科学伦理问题、商业伦理问题和消费伦理问题）进行总结。并从以下几个方面综述了转基因食品的发展策略：完善转基因食品安全立法,科学构建转基因食品监管制度,科学解释转基因食品技术问题,实现转基因食品社会共治,平衡转基因食品领域各方利益,建立转基因食品发展政策保障制度,科学设置转基因食品标签粘贴制度。以期缓解或消除消费者的心理忧虑,利于转基因食品的顺利发展。     

An investigation of flavor complexity and food neophobia

The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) measures reluctance to try novel foods. In describing foods, the term complexity is not well defined. The objective of this work was to assess the acceptability of familiar and novel foods, with varying levels of flavor complexity in both salty and sweet foods, by food neophobics and neophilics and to assess the effect of expectation (frame-of-reference effect) and familiarity on the acceptability of foods. FNS was administered to 864 subjects, who were classified to neophobic, or neophilic based on their FNS scores. Experiment 1, which was replicated twice, focused on four familiar foods, prepared in two versions, an original version and a more flavorful version. Subjects rated foods on complexity, acceptability and expectation. Neophilics gave significantly higher acceptability ratings to complex foods than bland foods and vice versa for neophobics. The different versions of foods did not always meet panelists’ flavor expectations. Experiment 2 included eight commercial foods, four salty and four sweet, with two novel and two familiar foods used within each taste category/quality. One of the foods within the familiar or novel pairs was expected to be flavorful (e.g. chili is typically served as spicy) and the other expected to be bland. Subjects rated foods on complexity, acceptability, familiarity and expectation. Six out of the eight flavorful versions of foods were chosen by subjects as more complex. Significant factors were taste quality, novelty, expectation, and familiarity (p < 0.05). Overall, neophilics were more accepting of novel foods than neophobics. The significant interaction between expectation and neophobia suggests that neophobics and neophilics may have different expectations of foods. Although neophobia × complexity was not significant, the neophobics’ acceptability ratings for bland versions were higher than for the flavorful versions.     

微生物源功能性食品的研究新进展

功能性食品具有生理功能，其生产材料可分别来源于植物、动物以及微生物。微生物源功能性食品是指利用微生物通过发酵方法制取的功能发酵制品，包括功能性困子和食品。在通常情况下一些本来存在于天然动植物中，但由于含量太低，或在自然界存在较分散，难以收集的功能因子，通过微生物制取是一个重要的途径，因此利用微生物发酵生产功能食品是近年来功能性食品研究的一个重要热点。目前利用微生物制取的功能食品主要有真菌多糖、功能性油脂、微生态制剂、功能性低聚糖、L-肉碱、活性多肽、红曲等。     

日本国保健机能食品制度及其对我国的几点启示

为了解日本有关保健食品管理的法律法规，借鉴国外保健食品的管理经验，系统介绍了日本国保健机能食品制度的相关内容，以期为完善我国保健食品的法律法规提供参考，为我国保健食品产品走出国门跻身国际市场提供一些启示。     

Perspectives on the 21st century development of functional foods: bridging Chinese medicated diet and functional foods

Functional foods, also known as nutraceuticals, medical foods or nutritional foods, are driving food markets around the world and are expected to be one of the emerging trends for the food industry in the new millennium. The concept of functional foods is rooted in a tradition, particularly in Asia, where people have always believed that a balanced diet and some herbal foods are therapeutic. However, while extensive studies in biochemistry and immunology, as well as clinical trials, have been conducted on selected functional foods or ingredients, the scientific features of most traditional herbals remain almost unknown. However, the fastest growing food market in the United States is that of herbal-based nutraceuticals such as ginseng, garlic and medical mushrooms. This review describes different aspects of functional foods and the Chinese medicated diet on the basis of current knowledge, discusses the building blocks for the science of functional foods and proposes a possible way to fuse a Chinese medicated diet into functional foods.     

CRISPNESS AND CRUNCHINESS - A DIFFERENCE IN PITCH?

Initially two groups of foods were selected, one containing foods that were more crunchy than crisp and the other containing foods that were more crisp than crunchy. Subjects then compared each of the crisper foods with each of the crunchier foods and selected the product producing the higher-pitched sound. More crisp than crunchy foods nearly always produced higher-pitched sounds than the more crunchy than crisp foods. When the pitch of the eating sounds was altered (lowered) by changing the eating technique from a bite to a chew, judgments ofcrispness were depressed.     

Consumer awareness and acceptance of irradiated foods: Results of a survey conducted on Turkish consumers

Consumer awareness and acceptance, and influence of benefit statements and price on acceptance of irradiated foods were investigated in Turkey. Consumer awareness of food irradiation was very low (29%). Majority of consumers (80%) were uncertain about the safety of irradiated foods. Only 11% expressed irradiated foods are safe. Level of positive attitude towards irradiated foods increased substantially (62%) upon hearing a benefit statement of food irradiation. Purchase intent of irradiated foods was highest (44%) when price is same as unirradiated foods, but significant proportion of consumers indicated to pay 5% premium price for irradiated foods. A successful market for irradiated foods can be achieved by educating consumers with the benefit and uses of irradiation process.