玻璃化转化对食品加工和品质的影响

在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上,综述了玻璃化转变对干燥、冷冻、焙烧、糖果及挤压等食品的加工与品质的影响。     

玻璃化转变与食品的加工、储存和品质

论述了食品的玻璃化转变与其加工、储存工艺及产品品质间的关系。重点介绍了玻璃化转变对食品的冷冻及干燥工艺的影响,淀粉玻璃化转变对食品的品质的影响,冰淇淋的冷冻保藏和玻璃化法超低温保存等。     

淀粉的玻璃化转变及其对食品品质的影响

淀粉的玻璃化转变关系到以淀粉为原料的食品的质构和货架寿命,已成为当今研究热点,在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上,综述了淀粉玻璃化转变的分析方法,性质以及对食品品质的影响,并对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

淀粉玻璃化转变及其对食品品质影响

淀粉是以谷物为原料的食品主要成分,而淀粉玻璃化转变对食品品质,特别对质构具有显著影响。该文在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论基础上,综述淀粉玻璃化转变分析方法、影响因素及其对食品品质影响,并对今后研究方向进行展望。     

食品玻璃化转变及其在食品加工储藏中的应用

介绍了食品玻璃化转变的相关内容,综合国内外研究结果,介绍了其对食品加工储藏的影响。      

玻璃化转变对食品稳定性的影响

本文首先简要介绍玻璃化转变对黏度、扩散和反应速率的影响,而后从物理稳定性、化学稳定性和生物学稳定性三个方面详细论述了玻璃化转变对食品稳定性的影响。在玻璃化转变温度附近温度降低使黏度增大,但小分子物质的扩散系数不再进一步减小。食品可能因发生玻璃化转变而丧失稳定性,但玻璃化转变并不能成为衡量食品稳定性的唯一标准,发生玻璃化转变也不意味着食品稳定性立即丧失。根据玻璃化转变可以较好地预测食品的物理稳定性,而难以有效预测食品的化学和生物学稳定性。     

淀粉的玻璃化转变及其对食品品质的影响

本文在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上,综述了淀粉玻璃化转变的分析方法、性质以及对食品品质的影响,并对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

淀粉的玻璃化转变

综述了淀粉的玻璃化转变过程及转变温度的测定方法、影响因素,以及玻璃化转变过程在淀粉类食品加工及贮藏方面的研究进展,并提出了目前淀粉的玻璃化转变研究领域存在的问题,展望了今后的研究方向,以期为后续研究玻璃化转变温度时选择适宜的测定方法提供参考。     

冷冻食品体系中的玻璃化转变

本文在玻璃态和玻璃化转变有关理论的基础上，对影响冷冻食品体系玻璃化转变及其低温稳定性的有关因素进行了介绍和讨论。     

DSC在食品玻璃化转变中的应用

介绍了DSC在含水食品体系、小分子糖类体系、非淀粉多糖体系及淀粉体系的玻璃化转变中的应用,为测定食品原料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)提供了一种新的测量技术。     

Current status of biobased and biodegradable food packaging materials: Impact on food quality and effect of innovative processing technologies

Fossil-based plastic materials are an integral part of modern life. In food packaging, plastics have a highly important function in preserving food quality and safety, ensuring adequate shelf life, and thereby contributing to limiting food waste. Meanwhile, the global stream of plastics into the oceans is increasing exponentially, triggering worldwide concerns for the environment. There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of packaging waste, a matter raising increasing consumer awareness. Shifting part of the focus toward packaging materials from renewable resources is one promising strategy. This review provides an overview of the status and future of biobased and biodegradable films used for food packaging applications, highlighting the effects on food shelf life and quality. Potentials, limitations, and promising modifications of selected synthetic biopolymers; polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate; and natural biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, alginate, gelatine, whey, and soy protein are discussed. Further, this review provides insight into the connection between biobased packaging materials and innovative technologies such as high pressure, cold plasma, microwave, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light. The potential for utilizing such technologies to improve biomaterial barrier and mechanical properties as well as to aid in improving overall shelf life for the packaging system by in-pack processing is elaborated on.     

马铃薯食品加工研究开发现状及展望

近年来,随着马铃薯作为第四大主粮战略的提出,推进了马铃薯加工主食化进程。马铃薯馒头、面条、面包、糕点等有了快速发展,冷冻薯条、薯片发展速度强劲。本文从加工用途的马铃薯食品原料、马铃薯方便食品、马铃薯主食、其他食品四个方面对我国马铃薯食品加工的研究开发现状进行梳理,以期促进马铃薯食品加工业进一步发展。     

食品监督和抽检的质量控制分析

本文旨在探讨历年食品监督抽检检验工作中遇到的具体问题,浅析食品留样室温度的控制,抽样过程出现失误的解决办法,检验报告数值修约方式,非标准方法的制定,微生物项目不合格是否复检复验,区分食品药品检验的某些概念等问题,为食品检验工作质量提供有力保证,确保监督抽检报告准确可靠,为食品安全监管处罚工作提供方向和技术支撑,充分保障人民群众的食品安全。     

Study on processing and quality improvement of frozen noodles

The processing method and quality improvement of frozen noodles were studied. To obtain the best mouthfeel and control the breakage during processing and cooking, noodles with a thickness of 1.1 mm and width of 3.4 mm were produced. The precooking method for raw noodles was steaming for 10 min and then boiling for 4 min before freezing to obtain the optimal characteristics for frozen noodles. Five frequently used food additives (guar gum, sodium stearyl lactate (SSL), cassava starch, glucose oxidase (GOD), and α-amylase) were used to improve the quality of frozen noodles. Cooking losses and sensory evaluation scores were adopted to optimize the formulation of frozen dough by a response surface methodology (RSM): guar gum 0.28%, SSL 0.44%, cassava starch 4.82%, GOD 0.003%, and α-amylase 0.04%. Frozen noodles had a more continuous microstructure and their storage quality was improved notably by this method.     

植物蛋白肉的加工及品质特性研究进展

由于动物蛋白需求增加导致的环境压力增大、供给压力增大以及人体健康等问题,近年来植物蛋白肉受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注,成为食品行业的新风口。植物蛋白肉是以植物原料或其制品为蛋白质、脂肪的主要来源加工制成的具有与动物蛋白的质构、风味、形态等品质特征类似的替代肉制品。目前国内外已有多种加工方式来制备生产植物蛋白肉,但植物蛋白肉的品质与动物蛋白相比仍具有一定的差距,因此探究植物蛋白肉品质特性以及提升方法刻不容缓。本文总结了植物蛋白肉生产原料、加工技术及加工中的化学变化;阐述了植物蛋白肉的结构特性、质构及感官特性、营养特性等品质特性及分析评价方法;最后提出了改善植物蛋白肉品质的研究方向,以期为植物蛋白肉产品品质提档升级提供参考。     

糖盐水荔枝罐头工艺研究

针对传统糖水荔枝罐头加工中的果肉变红、肉质变软、风味变差等问题,以糖盐水作为罐头溶液,调整传统糖水荔枝罐头的风味;以柠檬酸、抗坏血酸为荔枝罐头的护色剂和抗氧化剂,对荔枝果肉的护色、风味保存及风味调整进行了研究,运用正交试验设计对三种添加剂的浓度组合进行优化,筛选出较优组合,并对注液温度、排气、封罐、杀菌、冷却等工艺进行了探讨,确定了荔枝糖盐水罐头的最佳加工工艺。     

Impact of dietary factors and food processing on food allergy

Allergic reactions to food can significantly reduce the quality of life and even result in life‐threatening complications. In addition, the prevalence of food allergy has increased in the last decades in industrialized countries and the mechanisms underlying (increased) sensitization are still not fully understood. It is believed that the development and maintenance of oral tolerance to food antigens is a process actively mediated by the immune system and that this reaction is essential to inhibit sensitization. Ongoing research indicates that different dietary factors also may contribute to immune homeostasis and oral tolerance to food and that food processing modulates allergenicity. One of the major questions in food allergy research is therefore which impact nutrition and food processing may have on allergenicity of food and perhaps on sensitization. We summarize in this review the different dietary factors that are believed to contribute to induction of oral tolerance and discuss the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the functional consequences of allergen modification will be emphasized in the second part as severity of allergic reactions and perhaps sensitization to food is influenced by structural modifications of food allergens.     

Establishing quality management systems for European food composition databases

As part of the activities of EuroFIR (European Food Information Resource Network), the scientific validation and exploitation of food composition data will be assured by a quality framework. This paper outlines the processes and procedures implemented during the initial development of this quality framework for national food composition data compilers and for laboratories generating new data. EuroFIR’s strategic quality objectives are based upon requirements of national food composition data compilers, laboratories, and users/stakeholders. To implement thorough quality principles, a range of standard procedures and tools are being developed. Elements of a quality management system include criteria for quality control and quality assurance of the compilation process and the computerised systems in which data are hosted, as well as data quality assessment models. The results and findings obtained so far for the proposed quality framework indicate that existing guidelines and standards for laboratories should be updated to meet EuroFIR requirements. The generic compilation process has been described, including the identification of critical stages of the data compilation process and standard operating procedures are being prepared. A data quality assessment system has been developed for application to all nutrients and has been tested by national compilers within the EuroFIR network. The development of the EuroFIR quality policy through open and constructive discussions among food composition data compilers, laboratories, and users, strengthens the proposed quality standards and procedures and is fundamental to improving quality of data exchanged across Europe and beyond.     

牛蒡在食品工业中加工利用现状

综述了牛蒡在食品工业中的加工利用现状,对其广阔的发展前景和市场前景进行了展望。     

基于HACCP体系的食品快速检验机构质量控制体系研究

危害分析和关键控制点(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, HACCP)体系是一种被广泛应用于各个领域的质量管理工具。本文将HACCP体系应用于食品快速检验机构的质量控制,阐述其应用在食品快速检验机构的工作思路和方法,并以组织中氯霉素快速检测为例,分析了HACCP体系在食品快速检验机构的质量控制中的应用。以期提高食品快速检验机构食品快速检验结果的准确性,使食品快速检验结果成为食品监管部门靶向监管的技术保障,同时对相关食品检验机构的质量控制提供新思路。