水轮机转轮固液两相三维紊流计算及磨损预估

本文在两流体模型的基础上，使用贴体坐标的有限体积法，利用有科氏力修正的κ-ε-Ap两相流紊流模型建立了水轮机转轮内部的三维泥沙固液两相紊流计算模型。模型中求解了考虑压力对固粒相影响的时均Reynolds动量方程，并利用泥沙相的速度和浓度分布，数值计算了转轮的泥沙磨损。为了验证模型的可行性，用该模型计算了刘家峡HL001-25模型水轮机转轮内部的三维泥沙固液两相紊流流动，数值预估了转轮的泥沙磨损并与磨损试验结果进行了比较。     

三峡水轮机转轮固液两相三维紊流计算及磨损预估

本在两流体模型的基础上，使用贴体坐标的有限体积法，利用有哥氏力修正的κ-ε-Ar，两相流紊流模型建立了水轮机转轮内部的三维泥沙固液两相紊流计算模型。模型中求解了考虑压力对固粒相影响的时均Reyno1ds动量方程，并利用泥沙相的速度和浓度分布，数值计算转轮的泥沙磨损。用该模型计算了三峡水轮机转轮内部的三维泥沙固液两相紊流流动，数值预估了三个不同工况转轮的泥沙磨损情况．计算表明汛期三峡水轮机转轮将有一定的磨损，磨损的主要部位是叶片正面靠近出口和下环面的三角区。靠近山水边的磨损速率约为1．3mm/年。     

贯流式水轮机活动导叶内部三维固液两相紊流研究

针对贯流式水轮机活动导叶内部固液两相亲流的三维数值模拟问题，基于N－S方程和两相紊流的。。一个模型，采用贴体坐标和交错网格系统，用SIMPLEC算法对水轮机活动导叶内部的固液两相亲流进行数值模拟，提出设计工况时活动导叶内部的两相紊流特性．得出了导叶内部流场和压力场的分布．将计算结果用Tecplot7进行处理，用图形表示其内部的流动状态和压力分布．     

水轮机转轮内部三维粘性流动计算与性能预测

本文在三维时均N S方程基础上，采用贴体坐标下的有限体积法和k-ε模型，对混流式转轮内部四个典型工况的三维紊流流动进行了数值模拟，获得了合理的流速和压力分布，在此基础上计算了各个工况下的转轮的水力效率并与试验结果进行了比较，取得了一致的结果。开发的计算软件可进行水轮机转轮的水力设计，达到予测转轮性能的目的。     

轴流式水轮机转轮内三维紊流场预测

转轮是水轮机中影响机组特性的一个重要部件．研究水轮机转轮内三维素流场的流动特性对于提高水轮机组的特性及效率具有重要的意义．本文基于N-S方程和标准的κ-ε紊流模型，采用SIMPLEC算法，数值模拟了轴流式水轮机转轮内的三维紊流场，同时讨论了其收效性和准确性．轴流式水轮机转轮内的三维紊流场数值模拟结果有助于提高轴流式水轮机的水力设计、性能分析和优化设计的水平．     

水轮机转轮三维紊流数值解析

水轮机转轮三维紊流数值解析［日本］钱逸等主题词水轮机，转轮，三维流，数字模型，计算方法近年来，随着计算机技术的迅速发展，数值计算取得了长足的进步，数值模拟在工业上的应用也发生了很大变化。最近，由于采用了数值模拟与试验相结合的方法，与只依靠实验的方法相...     

水泵水轮机转轮内部三维紊流流场计算与性能分析

水泵水轮机转轮可以在正反两个方向上旋转，用一个转轮分别实现水泵和水轮机工况的运行。在设计阶段提前预知转轮在两种工况下的流场以及能量特性对于提高水泵水轮机的设计水平和运行质量具有重要的意义。本基于三维Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε模型，采用贴体坐标和交错网格系统，用SIMPLEC算法分析了水泵水轮机转轮中的三维紊流流场。对比了转轮在水轮机和水泵两种工况下的流场，同时讨论了转轮的能量特性。     

混流式水轮机内三维定常湍流数值研究

基于 k-ε紊流模型和三维时均N-S方程,进行了混流式水轮机全流道的三维定常湍流计算.捕捉到了水轮机过流部件内的流场和非最优工况下转轮通道及尾水管内的旋涡结构与演化特征等流动信息.结果表明,水轮机的全通道CFD分析能够较为准确地预测出水轮机过流部件内的性能参数及内部流场结构,所得到的结果对进行水轮机的水力设计或改型优化设计等研究具有重要的指导意义.     

基于混合平面法的轴流式水轮机内三维湍流数值模拟

通过求解由κ-ε双方程湍流模型封闭的三维时均N-S方程对轴流式水轮机内部四个典型工况的全三维紊流场进行了计算,并采用“混合平面”法处理转轮与导叶问动静耦合流动的参数传递和相互干扰问题。捕捉到了轴流式水轮机内部压力分布和速度分布等重要的流动信息,在此基础上计算了四个工况下转轮的水力效率。结果表明,该方法能够较为准确地预测出轴流式水轮机转轮与导叶间的总性能参数及内部流场结构,所得到的结果对进行轴流式水轮机的水力设计或改型优化设计等研究具有重要的指导意义。     

水沙两相浑水模型的紊流封闭及初步验证

一些学者采用两相浑水模型模拟挟沙水流运动,但其紊流封闭仍借用经验公式、单相紊流模型或双流体紊流模型,未形成两相浑水理论框架下的紊流模式。本文基于双流体紊流模型推导出固液两相浑水紊动能和紊动耗散的偏微分方程,给出固相偏移紊动能的渐近解,以表示固相紊动能与固液两相浑水紊动能的相对差,继而推导出固相紊动耗散的代数表达式,完成对固液两相浑水模型的紊流封闭。固液两相浑水紊流模型能够考虑相间作用和颗粒碰撞等物理机制,保留了双流体紊流模型能够分别计算固、液相各自紊动信息的特点,又将偏微分方程数量减少一半。采用河流动力学绝对含沙量分布的计算方法,并引入各向紊动强度分配系数进行修正后,利用实验资料对两相浑水紊流模型进行验证,计算结果同实测值符合较好,结果表明本文模型能反映出随着泥沙浓度增加,挟沙水流紊动抑制加剧的现象。     

Hydrologically Based Environmental Flow Methods Applied to Rivers in the Maritime Provinces (Canada)

The demand for water withdrawal continues to increase worldwide. These water withdrawals from rivers can affect fish habitat and aquatic life. As such, environmental flow assessment methods are used in order to protect rivers against excessive water withdrawals. The concept of environmental flow relates to the quantity of water required in rivers to sustain an acceptable level of living conditions for aquatic biota at various phases of their development. For many agencies, environmental flow methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The present study deals with the evaluation of hydrologically based environmental flow methods within the Maritime Province of Canada. In total, six hydrologically based environmental flow methods were compared using data from 52 hydrometric stations across the region. Some methods provided adequate environmental flow protection (e.g. 25% mean annual flow and Q₅₀ flow duration method); however, other methods did not provide adequate flow protection (e.g. Q₉₀ flow duration method and 7Q10 and 7Q2 low‐flow frequency). The 70% Q₅₀ method provided adequate flow protection only under good baseflow conditions and should be applied with extreme caution. The present study shows the importance of the hydrologic flow regime, particularly as it pertains to the baseflow component, as a significant determinant in the level of instream flow protection. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN APPROACH IN MODELING TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTIALLY CAVITATING FLOW

1. INTRODUCTIONCavitation is a phenomenon that widely occurs in liquids. When the flow leads to the local pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of water (the fluid medium, in our research), usually incipient cavitation firstly occurs on the solid b…     

Application of the ‘natural flow paradigm’ in a New Zealand context

The natural flow paradigm (NFP) emphasizes the need to partially or fully maintain or restore the range of natural intra‐ and interannual variation of hydrologic regimes to protect native biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of aquatic, riparian and wetland ecosystems. Based on our studies of natural and managed flow regimes in New Zealand, we do not believe that all components of the natural flow regime are necessary to achieve the objectives of the NFP, either partially or fully, because many aquatic species have very flexible niches and life‐history requirements (i.e. there is ‘ecological redundancy’). Obviously, maintaining the natural flow regime will maintain the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions necessary for sustaining natural ecosystems. However, if there is adequate knowledge of what ‘values’ need to be maintained in a waterway, and the aspects of the flow regime that are required to maintain those values are also known, then regimes can be designed that target these requirements and thus optimize conditions for the ‘values’. We believe that an assessment of ecosystem requirements using information on river processes together with habitat requirements and life‐history strategies of biota can achieve the best balance between resource use and sustaining ecosystem function and value, and show examples where changes to natural flow regimes have maintained, or even improved, instream values in some New Zealand rivers. We caution that simple flow‐based rules, such as those that might be developed under the NFP, could be unnecessarily restrictive on multiple use of water in New Zealand while, at the same time, preclude the opportunity for enhancement of key ecosystem values in many waterways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

台阶式溢流坝中小流量流态改善方式研究

台阶式溢流坝有显著的掺气效果和消能效果,目前在中小型工程中广泛应用。但是台阶式溢流坝在小流量浅水深的工况下,坝面上流态较差,呈现跌流或者过渡流态,容易形成水翅和水流跃离现象。为了解决上述问题,本文结合某工程通过水工模型试验研究对台阶起始端的体型进行优化,结果表明优化方案能够很好地改善较小流量时的过渡流态。     

中小型泄水工程利用附着混合流消能问题的探讨

本文介绍了混合流的概念，结合某一中型水库的试验，观测了混合流在抬高尾水时的下游流态。流速分布的变化规律以及对消能效果的影响。从而说明了低水头泄洪建筑物利用挑流消能有更多的可能性。     

均匀来流中振动圆柱尾迹涡结构的数值研究

本文从涡量流函数形式的N-S方程出发,对于不同的振动频率、振幅,首次数值研究了均匀来流中沿任意方向(参见图1,0°相似文献   

无旋流研究

本文将变分法和流网相结合,从理论上证明了无旋流条件下流量达到极大值,并总结出流量达到极大值时,下游流动的两种表现形式:临界流和均速流。文中给出了下游流动分别为临界流和均速流两种情况下的7个实例。在无旋流条件下,应用本文的结果可以进行如下两种情况的计算:(1)利用求极大值来求流量;(2)当流量已知时,如果下游流动为临界流,则可求水深及流速;如下游流动为均速流,则可求流速等。     

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

直槽流动失稳过程数值模拟的可视化

本文利用计算机可视化的方法对直槽流动的数值模拟结果进行了处理，得到了若干组显示涡量场和涡管运动变化的计算机动画，通过对这些直观的动画进行分析，发现了直槽流动失稳的一些现象，对于流动稳定性的研究具有一定的参考价值。