ASE联合DPPH法比较研究13种热带水果的抗氧化活性

将加速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术应用于热带水果抗氧化活性成分的提取,采用DPPH自由基分析法测定13种热带水果ASE提取物清除自由基作用的强弱,从而建立一种抗氧化活性比较分析法,用于评价不同热带水果的抗氧化能力.试验表明,13种热带水果的ASE提取物均具有抗氧化活性,其对DPPH自由基的清除能力依次为黄皮>木瓜>椰子>芒果>菠萝>荔枝>火龙果>山竹>龙眼>番石榴>莲雾>香蕉>菠萝蜜.因此,ASE结合DPPH自由基分析法可作为一种高效、快速的抗氧化活性比较分析法,用于广泛观察多种热带水果或其他食品、中药材的抗氧化活性.     

贮藏温度对雪莲果块根抗氧化物质及抗氧化活性的影响

雪莲果块根是一种营养丰富,具有保健功效,但不耐贮藏的热带高山水果。研究了不同贮藏温度对雪莲果块根中抗氧化物质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果显示,在贮藏过程中,总酚酸、总黄酮、还原型Vc含量大幅下降,尤其是在前14 d,下降速率最大,之后趋于平缓,而雪莲果块根提取液羟基自由基清除能力具有相同的规律。由实验可知,单就雪莲果块根抗氧化物质和抗氧化活性而言,4℃是最优的贮藏温度,其次为0℃和10℃。     

细胞抗氧化活性方法在食物抗氧化活性评价中的研究进展

由体内过剩自由基引起的心脑血管疾病和癌症病人日渐增加,通过抗氧化物质的作用清除体内过量的自由基是减少此类疾病发生的最主要而有效的方法。大量研究证实,植物化学物质具有显著的抗氧化作用,这些物质的最好来源是水果、蔬菜和谷物等,其在体内的抗氧化效果及活性评价是当前功能食品研究的热点。细胞抗氧化活性(CAA)测定方法是目前建立起的能有效预测植物化学物质在生物系统中抗氧化活性的评价方法,被广泛用于食物中抗氧化活性物质的功能评价。本文综述国内外关于CAA测定方法及其在抗氧化功能食品评价中的研究进展。     

不同浸渍时间嘉宝果浸泡酒的品质比较

以热带水果嘉宝果为原料制作嘉宝果浸泡酒,研究不同浸渍时间对嘉宝果浸泡酒的活性成分含量及抗氧化活性的影响,并对不同浸渍时间浸泡酒的挥发性成分进行分析,明确其特征风味物质。结果表明,浸泡酒中的酚类物质含量随浸渍时间延长而增加,浸泡3个月时嘉宝果浸泡酒的酚类物质含量已达到峰值,其总酚、总黄酮和原花青素含量分别为1581.11 mg GAE/L、352.20 mg CE/L和140.96 mg EPE/L,与浸泡6个月的含量无显著性差异。浸泡酒的抗氧化活性与酚类物质含量变化趋势一致,浸泡3个月的嘉宝果浸泡酒的ABTS、DPPH和FRAP抗氧化能力最强,含量分别为697.02 mmol TE/L,428.97μmol TE/L和19.97 mmol Fe²⁺/L。嘉宝果浸泡酒挥发性成分中主要鉴定出醇类、烃类、酯类和醛酮类等4类。苯乙醇、1-己醇、癸酸乙酯和辛酸乙酯等香气成分是嘉宝果浸泡酒的重要风味物质。综上所述,确定嘉宝果浸泡酒的最佳浸渍时间为3个月,此时浸泡酒的活性物质含量、抗氧化活性和风味物质种类均达到最好水平。     

15种水果和33种蔬菜的抗氧化活性研究

目的:比较不同水果蔬菜的抗氧化活性.方法:采用DPPH法和FRAP法对15种水果,33种蔬菜的抗氧化活性进行了测定比较,并且分析了抗氧化活性和VC含量的关系.DPPH法测量的结果表明:所测水果中抗氧化活性最强的为花红李,最弱的为水晶梨;所测蔬菜中抗氧化活性最强的为豆角,最弱的为黄瓜、冬瓜;FRAP法测量的结果表明:所测水果中抗氧化活性最强的为橙子,最弱的为水晶梨和香梨:所测蔬菜中抗氧化活性最强的为红辣椒,最弱的为丝瓜和黄瓜.结论:不同的方法测出的抗氧化活性的大小不同,水果和蔬菜中的抗氧化活性成分值得进一步研究.     

热带水果多酚提取物的抗氧化和抗增殖活性研究

为明确12种热带水果多酚提取物的总酚含量、总抗氧化能力和抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,分别采用Folin-Ciocalteu法确定了水果提取物的总酚含量,采用ORAC和FRAP的方法确定了其抗氧化能力,采用MTT的方法确定了其抗人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的活性。结果显示,12种水果提取物的总酚含量为26.17-229.67 mg GAE/100g 鲜重,最高杨桃的总酚含量为最低鳄梨的8.78倍;ORAC和FRAP抗氧化值分别为607.05-2631.17 μmol TE/100g 鲜重和462.12-1067.92 μmol TE/100 g鲜重,杨桃具有最高的ORAC和FRAP抗氧化值,分别是最低木瓜的4.33倍和鳄梨的2.31倍;11种水果提取物抑制肿瘤细胞HepG2增殖的IC50值为31.79-66.93 mg/mL,抑制活性最弱木瓜的IC50值为最强杨桃的2.11倍。水果提取物的总酚含量与其ORAC抗氧化值（R2＝0.7839）、FRAP抗氧化值（R2＝0.7636）和抑制HepG2细胞增殖的IC50值（R2＝0.8847）之间具有显著的相关性。     

全谷物酚类物质及其抗氧化活性研究进展

近年研究发现全谷物的健康效应与其酚类物质及其抗氧化活性密切相关,而与水果、蔬菜相比,谷物中的酚类物质长期被低估。本文综述了糙米、小麦、玉米和燕麦等主要全谷物中酚类物质的组成、存在形式、含量差异、分布规律及其抗氧化活性,总结不同加工处理对其的影响,分析目前研究的突出问题,展望今后的重点研究方向,为促进全谷物食品的开发利用提供理论依据。     

全谷物酚类物质及其抗氧化活性研究进展

近年研究发现全谷物的健康效应与其酚类物质及其抗氧化活性密切相关,但与水果蔬菜相比,谷物中的酚类物质长期被低估。系统综述了糙米、小麦、玉米和燕麦等主要全谷物中酚类物质的组成、存在形式、含量差异、分布规律及其抗氧化活性,总结了不同加工处理方式对其影响效应,分析了目前研究现存的突出问题并展望下一步的重点研究方向,旨在为促进全谷物食品的开发利用提供理论依据。     

莲雾果实和叶片活性成分的功效及其综合利用研究进展

莲雾是一种广泛分布于东南亚和我国南方的热带水果。莲雾果实和叶片及树枝、树皮富含多酚、黄酮、多糖、挥发油等活性成分,有抗氧化、护肝、降血糖、抑菌、抗肿瘤等多种功效,文章对近10年来莲雾果实及植株各部分的活性成分研究及应用加以综述,期望能对莲雾的全面研究开发提供参考。     

猕猴桃果实抗氧化活性物质及其在贮藏中的变化

猕猴桃果实营养丰富,含有多种抗氧化活性物质,包括酚类物质、维生素C、类胡萝卜素和维生素E,其中对抗氧化活性影响最大的是酚类物质和维生素C.本文概述了猕猴桃果实主要的抗氧化活性物质在贮藏过程中的变化,在不同的贮藏条件下,猕猴桃中抗氧化活性物质变化不同,但廷缓后熟的贮藏条件基本都能延缓活性物质的降解.     

Microbial safety of tropical fruits

There are approximately 140 million tons of over 3,000 types of tropical fruits produced annually worldwide. Tropical fruits, once unfamiliar and rare to the temperate market, are now gaining widespread acceptance. Tropical fruits are found in a variety of forms, including whole, fresh cut, dried, juice blends, frozen, pulp, and nectars in markets around the world. Documented outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with tropical fruits have occurred. Norovirus and Salmonella are the leading viral and bacterial pathogens, respectively, documented to have caused outbreaks of infections associated with consumption of tropical fruits. Sources of contamination of tropical fruit have been identified in the production environment and postharvest handling, primarily related to sanitation issues. Limited data exist on the specific route of transmission from these sources. Research on the microbial safety of tropical fruits is minimal; with the growing market for tropical fruit expected to increase by 33% in 2010 this research area needs to be addressed. The aim of this review is to discuss the foodborne pathogen outbreaks associated tropical fruit consumption, research previously completed on pathogen behavior on tropical fruits, preventive strategies for pathogen contamination, and research needs.     

Major Australian tropical fruits biodiversity: bioactive compounds and their bioactivities

The plant kingdom harbours many diverse bioactive molecules of pharmacological relevance. Temperate fruits and vegetables have been highly studied in this regard, but there have been fewer studies of fruits and vegetables from the tropics. As global consumers demand and are prepared to pay for new appealing and exotic foods, tropical fruits are now being more intensively investigated. Polyphenols and major classes of compounds like flavonoids or carotenoids are ubiquitously present in these fruits, as they are in the temperate ones, but particular classes of compounds are unique to tropical fruits and other plant parts. Bioactivity studies of compounds specific to tropical fruit plants may lead to new drug discoveries, while the synergistic action of the wide range of diverse compounds contained in plant extracts underlies nutritional and health properties of tropical fruits and vegetables. The evidence for in vitro and animal bioactivities is a strong indicator of the pharmacological promise shown in tropical fruit plant biodiversity. In this review, we will discuss both the occurrence of potential bioactive compounds isolated and identified from a selection of tropical fruit plants of importance in Australia, as well as recent studies of bioactivity associated with such fruits and other fruit plant parts.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of Mediterranean and tropical fruits compared with common food additives.

Several Mediterranean and tropical fruits have been analyzed in order to assess their antioxidant activity compared with that of common food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA], butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT] and propyl gallate). Among Mediterranean fruits, red grape and plum were more effective (P < 0.05) scavengers of peroxyl radicals than BHA, BHT, and propyl gallate. Of the tropical fruits, banana was the most effective scavenger of peroxyl radicals. Mediterranean and tropical fruits showed very good scavenger activity against hydroxy radicals (OH*), protecting deoxyribose better than BHA and BHT. The HOCI scavenging ability of Mediterranean fruits tested was, in decreasing order, lemon > plum > apricot > white grape > melon > red grape > mandarin > watermelon > peach > medlar > apple > orange > cherry > strawberry. However, the four varieties of pear were poor scavengers (P < 0.05). Among tropical fruits, the order of efficiency as HOCI scavengers was passion fruit > lime > passiflora > kumquat > avocado > pineapple > physalis > papaya fruit > carambola > mango > banana. All Mediterranean fruits showed an effect on hydrogen peroxide except peach. Tropical fruits also had a strong effect on hydrogen peroxide except avocado, which had no effect. The effect of Mediterranean and tropical fruits on the protection factor of refined olive oil, analyzed by the Rancimat method and compared with common food additives, was clear. Watermelon conferred a significantly (P < 0.05) greater protection than the other Mediterranean fruits. Among tropical fruits, physalis had the most stabilizing effect.     

In vitro availability of minerals of some tropical and citrus fruits as influenced by antinutritional factors

Four tropical fruits and three citrus fruits were analyzed for moisture, ash, antinutritional factors (phytate, oxalate, and polyphenols) contents, and total and available minerals. Moisture contents ranged from 6.0 to 83.17% for tropical fruits while that of citrus fruits ranged from 88.20 to 89.50%. Ash contents ranged from 2.56 to 4.50% and from 3.83 to 4.83%, for tropical and citrus fruits, respectively. All fruits contained no oxalate while phytate and polyphenols ranged from 48.1 to 134.1 mg/ 100 g and from 0.115 to 0.34%, respectively. For all fruits major minerals contents ranged from 7.7 to 433.3 while trace ones ranged from 0.116 to 1.91 mg/100 g. In vitro availabilities of major minerals (% of total) varied from 11.1 to 86.2% while for minor ones it ranged from 13 to 72.5%.     

Volatile constituents of unripe and ripe kundang fruits (Bouea macrophylla Griffith)

Kundang, a seasonal, tropical fruit is consumed either as raw (unripe) or ripe in south-east Asia. Investigations performed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed volatile constituent compounds in ripe fruits to be much higher than unripe fruits. Nearly 82 compounds (comprising 99.96% of the total volatiles) and 121 compounds (encompassing 97.33% of the total volatiles) were identified in unripe and ripe fruits, respectively. Results generated is envisaged to enhance the existing database on tropical fruits volatile profiles, as well as benefit local food industries (to exploit the unique fragrance character impact compounds for aroma essence production) for commercial usage.     

Drying of Exotic Tropical Fruits: A Comprehensive Review

This paper provides a capsule overview of recent experimental studies dealing with the drying of a large assortment of tropical and subtropical fruits, also called “exotic” fruits. The term exotic includes a number of tropical fruits that are not yet commonly found in global markets but do have the potential to do so in view of their appearance, taste, and textural and nutritional quality parameters. As the consumer is seeking diverse tastes and flavors without compromising on quality, it is logical to expect the market for dried exotic fruits to increase over the next decade. This review covers diverse drying techniques, drying kinetics, and key quality parameters of dried fruits.     

Distinctive exotic flavor and aroma compounds of some exotic tropical fruits and berries: a review

The characteristic flavor of exotic tropical fruits is one of their most attractive attributes to consumers. In this article, the enormous diversity of exotic fruit flavors is reviewed. Classifying some of the exotic fruits into two classes on the basis of whether esters or terpenes predominate in the aroma was also attempted. Indeed, as far as exotic tropical fruits are concerned, the majority of fruits have terpenes predominating in their aroma profile. Some of the fruits in this group are the Amazonian fruits such as pitanga, umbu-caja, camu-camu, garcinia, and bacuri. The ester group is made up of rambutan, durians, star fruit, snake fruit, acerola, tamarind, sapodilla, genipap, soursop, cashew, melon, jackfruit, and cupuacu respectively. Also, the role of sulphur-volatiles in some of the exotic fruits is detailed.     

海南热带果蔬农药残留现状分析及对策研究

随着人们对食品安全的日益重视, 农药残留问题成为当前农业生产中的一大难题。海南省位于中国热带地区, 是我国重要的热带果蔬产区。由于气候、土壤等因素的影响, 病虫害问题较为严重, 该地区的农药使用量较高, 导致热带果蔬中农药残留问题突出, 对人体健康和环境造成潜在的风险。因此, 对海南热带果蔬的农药残留进行评估和管理尤为重要。本文从农药残留风险评估出发, 分析海南热带果蔬农药残留存在的膳食风险, 以保障果蔬农产品安全。同时, 结合海南农药残留的现状和农药残留的危害程度, 提出了有效的监管体系和控制措施, 以减少农药残留水平和规范农药使用, 进一步保障消费者健康与环境安全, 促进农业可持续发展。     

Growth Potential of Listeria Monocytogenes and Staphylococcus Aureus on Fresh‐Cut Tropical Fruits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fate of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and natural microbiota on fresh‐cut tropical fruits (pitaya, mango, papaya and pineapple) with commercial PVC film at different storage temperature (5, 13, and 25 °C). The results showed that S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and natural microbiota increased significantly on fresh‐cut tropical fruits at 25 °C. Both pathogen and natural microbiota were able to grow on fresh‐cut tropical fruits at 13 °C. The maximum population of L. monocytogenes was higher than that of S. aureus on fresh‐cut tropical fruits. L. monocytogenes and S. aureus could survive without growth on fresh‐cut pitaya, mango, and papaya at 5 °C. The population of L. monocytogenes declined significantly on fresh‐cut pineapple at all temperature, indicating composition of fresh‐cut pineapple could inhibit growth of L. monocytogenes. However, S. aureus was still able to grow on fresh‐cut pineapple at storage temperature. Thus, this study suggests that 4 kinds of fresh‐cut tropical fruits (pitaya, mango, papaya, and pineapple) should be stored at low temperature to extend shelf life as well as to ensure the safety of fresh‐cut fruits.     

Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. III. Tropical fruits: bananas, mangoes, and papayas

The current status of research on the use of ionizing radiation for shelf life improvement and disinfestation of fresh tropical fruits like bananas, mangoes, and papayas are reviewed. The aspects covered are influence of maturity and physiological state of the fruits on delayed ripening and tolerance to radiation; varietal responses; changes in chemical constituents, volatiles, respiration, and ethylene evolution; biochemical mechanisms of delayed ripening and browning of irradiated fruits; and organoleptic quality. The efficacy of the combination of hot water dip and radiation treatments for control of postharvest fungal diseases are considered. The immediate potential of radiation as a quarantine treatment, in place of the currently used chemical fumigants, for disinfestation of fruit flies and mango seed weevil are discussed. Future prospects for irradiation of tropical fruits are discussed in the light of experience gained from studies conducted in different countries.