面向5G-Advanced演进的移动性增强技术

为了改善频繁切换造成的数据速率波动、信令开销和时延等问题对用户体验的影响,3GPP业界期望为5G-Advanced系统提供更动态灵活的移动性增强机制.结合4GLTE和5GNR系统中移动性增强技术的演进和当前应用中的缺陷,进一步分析和研究面向5G-Advanced系统的多种移动性增强关键技术及其未来发展趋势.对于站内切换...     

5G-Advanced发展趋势分析

目前,5G标准制定进入了5G-Advanced演进阶段。5G-Advanced将赋能5G产生更大的社会和经济价值,并在5G的基础架构上初步探索6G的潜在技术。为了研究5G-Advanced的技术发展路径,研判5G-Advanced的应用策略,需要分析5G系统商用网络的运营情况和场景演进需求,结合5G-Advanced研究规划和Rel-18立项内容,从标准化角度和技术发展角度分析5G-Advanced在宽带能力提升、效率提升、垂直场景和行业能力、新领域探索等方面的典型技术特征。在此基础上讨论5G-Advanced的发展演进趋势。     

面向5G-Advanced的天地一体化网络移动性管理研究

在3GPP近期宣布冻结的Release-17版本标准中,面向天地一体化网络的组网需求,4G和5G空口协议均进行了针对NTN的演进增强。以3GPP Release-17 NTN(包括NR NTN和IoT NTN)移动性管理方案的总结分析为基础,结合天地一体化网络业务连续性需求和3GPP Release-18 NTN研究目标,提出了面向5G-Advanced的天地一体化网络移动性管理增强方案。该方案可以在4G/5G RAN层面进一步实现天基与地基基站之间的无损切换,从而减少天地基站切换造成的业务中断,提升用户的无感体验。     

5G-Advanced网络及服务演进需求探讨

随着5G全球规模商用,5G产业的迅速发展促使网络持续演进,各行业共同定义了5G-Advanced作为5G的拓展和延伸.结合当前3GPPSA1 R18标准研究情况,从业务服务需求出发,分别从网络侧和无线侧两个角度,分析了5G-Advanced技术的增强及服务领域的拓展,并对面向5G-Advanced和6G的服务需求进行了...     

面向融合、智慧、低碳的5G技术演进

随着5G部署规模的扩大,产业界对5G演进的关注度持续提升。5G演进既是现有5G技术的进一步发展,也是5G向6G的过渡。2021年4月,3GPP将5G演进命名为“5G-Advanced”。介绍了5G演进的节奏,归纳了5G技术发展至今的状态,展望了5G演进的方向,提出了以“融合”“智慧”“低碳”3个特征为代表的5G演进趋势。重点介绍了多媒体增强、异构网络融合、网络大数据分析等5G演进方向。结合网络技术的发展,指出了5G演进过程中系统设计的重点和难点。     

3GPP 5G-Advanced定位信令路径优化方案

为了分析3GPP 5G-Advanced的核心网定位信令路径优化的现状和进一步的演进方向，将当前3GPP核心网定位增强的路径优化方案划分为基于用户面和控制面两类，并对不同定位信令流程在UE和LMF、UE和LCS用户/AF之间的数据面，以及RAN和LMF、LMF和GMLC之间的控制面的主流方案进行描述，然后阐述了3GPP相关的最新结论。最后进行总结并提出定位功能在网元中的划分、基于数据面的定位信令传输以及新的定位方法等进一步的定位性能优化方案。     

5G关键技术演进方向与行业发展趋势

随着5G与行业的进一步融合,目前标准所定义的Release 15/Release 16/Release 17能力在行业需求的支持上略显不足。结合行业关注的重点特性与能力,详细回顾了5G-Advanced(Release 18)的技术演进方向,并给出该技术演进方向潜在的技术方案与解决思路,为后续的技术演进提供参考,包括下行MIMO增强、上行传输增强、移动性增强、拓扑传输技术增强、Sidelink增强、RedCap技术演进、定位能力扩展与增强和AI/ML 5G等;同时,详细分析了当前行业现场网存在的问题,包括行业终端接入、接入网络、E2E QoS保障等多个层面,提出了包括基于SLA的行业组网技术、高带外（OOB）抑制技术、多缓存调度（MBS）技术、全连接行业接入网络技术、算力网络（CFN）技术,并给出了其潜在的实现方式。     

新一代多媒体实时通信系统架构增强演进研究

随着5G和5G-Advanced网络的演进发展,多媒体实时通信业务正在向超清化、交互式、沉浸式及开放性趋势发展,对现有基于IP多媒体子系统(IP multimedia sub system,IMS网络)的多媒体实时通信系统提出了架构和网络能力方面的增强需求。对实时多媒体通信系统架构的增强技术进行了研究和探讨,通过引入基于IMS网络架构的交互式通信通道技术,提出了服务化统一媒体面和三方标识认证的架构及流程,更好地满足个人和行业用户多样化、沉浸式多媒体实时通信体验需求。同时提出了一种多媒体实时通信网络新架构,对多媒体实时通信的控制面架构进行演进重构,提供更为简化、灵活和开放的会话控制、会话路由、媒体面管理、业务调用、业务组合机制。     

面向融合、智慧、低碳的5G技术演进

<正>在过去的几年中,5G的高质量发展已成为中国信息通信业浓墨重彩的一笔。无论是网络规模和创新水平,还是促进转型升级的行业应用落地,我国5G发展在全球都可圈可点。如今,面向未来的技术演进,5G正在迈出崭新的步伐。2021年4月,3GPP正式确定了5G演进标准名称为5G-Advanced,并在2021年12月批准了首批无线电接入网（RAN）及系统架构（SA）两大领域的Release 18(Rel-18)标准立项,     

5G-Advanced时代展望

全球5G迅速发展,部署超过200个5G网络,覆盖超过7亿用户。全球通信产业界已开启了5G下一阶段5G-Advanced技术研究和探索。5G-Advanced将在中国式现代化和数字中国战略中发挥更大作用,深化产业数字化转型,带来多个大产业的革命升级。文章首先从5G-Advanced产业及社会价值驱动力出发,重点论述5G-Advanced时代场景需求和网络能力,包括虚拟现实、车联网、万物智联、高端制造、云补端等五大产业领域新出现的大批新业务。接下来介绍5G-Advanced的十大关键技术方向,这些技术方向支撑满足5G-Advanced时代场景需求,并打造5G-Advanced先进网络能力。最后提出了5G-Advanced时代的行动倡议,开启5G-Advanced时代新篇章。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks