Pitting corrosion behavior of Cu-P-RE weathering steels

The weathering steels are prone to pitting corrosion in an environment containing chloride ions.The pitting behavior of Cu-P-RE weathering steels and its effect on the corrosion resistance of steels were investigated by multifarious analytical techniques,such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM),electrochemical workstation and a series of immersion tests.The results show that the original stripshap...     

Origin mechanism of pitting corrosion induced by cerium inclusions

In this paper, the origin mechanism of pitting corrosion induced by Ce₂O₃, Ce₂O₂S, and CeAlO₃ inclusions in a microalloyed steel was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, conductivity atomic force microscopy, immersion test, and first-principles calculation. The results show that the Ce₂O₃, Ce₂O₂S, and CeAlO₃ inclusions are non-conductive, which are impossible to form corrosion couples with the steel matrix. There are no obvious lattice distortion zones in the steel matrix around the Ce₂O₃, Ce₂O₂S, and CeAlO₃ inclusions, so it is difficult to form micro-galvanic corrosion near the Ce inclusion. The order of work functions of the Ce inclusions and the steel matrix from small to large is Ce₂O₂S < Ce₂O₃<CeAlO₃<steel matrix, which is consistent with their dissolution sequence in the immersion test in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Consequently, it is effective and reliable to use work function to predict or judge the dissolution behaviors of the Ce inclusions or steel matrix in corrosive solution. The Ce₂O₃, Ce₂O₂S, and CeAlO₃ inclusions have the tendency of self-dissolution and dissolve preferentially to the steel matrix in the solution by the salt effect, which lead to pitting corrosion of Ce-containing microalloyed steel.     

Evolution of Al2O3 inclusions by cerium treatment in low carbon high manganese steel

The influence of cerium (Ce) treatment on the morphologies, size and distributions of Al2O3 inclu-sions in low carbon high manganese steel was investigated by OM, SEM-EDS and theoretical calcula-tion.The results showed that Ce can modify the morphologies and types of Al2O3 inclusions.After Ce treatment, the irregular Al2O3 inclusions were replaced by smaller and dispersive spherical cerium oxysulfides.The effects of treatment time and Ce content on the evolution of Al2O3 inclusions were examined.It indicated that Al2O3 inclusions were wrapped by rare earth inclusions to form a ring like shape Ce-enriched band around the inclusions.Model was established to elucidate the evolution mech-anism of Al2O3 inclusions.Evolution kinetics of inclusions was discussed qualitatively to analyze the velocity controlled step.It was found that diffusion of Ce3 + and Al3 + in solid inclusion core and the formed intermediate layer would be the limited step during the evolution process.     

电弧增材制造HSLA钢的组织演变行为与力学性能

 电弧增材制造是成形高性能HSLA钢构件的重要新方法。为了明晰HSLA钢在电弧增材制造时的组织演变行为,研究了构件在堆积成形时的温度场、热循环、热影响区分区及其组织转变。结果表明,电弧增材制造过程中,HSLA钢堆积金属包含凝固区与热影响区,热影响区可分为粗晶区、正火区和回火区。凝固区在热循环作用下先后转变为粗晶区、正火区,最终成为回火区;同时,堆积金属中的残留铁素体晶核、夹杂物附近的高密度位错、铁素体感生形核、第二相质点钉扎晶界和连续动态再结晶共同促进组织细化,使粗大的柱状晶、块状铁素体、侧板条铁素体以及少量针状铁素体、珠光体演变为细小的等轴铁素体和珠光体,有利于提高构件强韧性并抑制力学性能各向异性。构件垂直与水平抗拉强度分别为519.6、520.8 MPa,-20 ℃冲击功分别为124.7、122.1 J。     

NaCl+HCl溶液中Ce对双相不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了研究酸性NaCl溶液中双相不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,以含微量稀土Ce的UNS S31803双相不锈钢为研究对象,采用电化学阳极极化和交流阻抗相结合的方法测试其在NaCl+HCl混合溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测腐蚀后的形貌特征,采用电子探针(EPMA)检测合金元素与杂质元素的分布特征,分析Ce元素的加入对双相不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响机制。结果表明,钢中存在两相的选择性腐蚀并伴有局部点蚀,其中铁素体相是腐蚀较严重的相;阳极极化测试与交流阻抗测试结果相吻合,Ce拓宽了试验钢的钝化区间;Ce通过净化钢液、降低S和P元素在相界的偏聚及使Cr、Ni和Mo等合金元素在两相中的分布更均匀等作用,提高了钢的耐腐蚀性能。     

含铈304不锈钢夹杂物改性及耐腐蚀性能优化

 通过在304不锈钢中加入不同含量的铈,研究了铈处理前后钢中夹杂物的变化,并借助于腐蚀失重试验及电化学试验,分析了不同含量的铈处理后钢中夹杂物性质变化对304不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,未加铈的不锈钢中主要为MnS夹杂及复合氧化物夹杂,夹杂物的平均尺寸为8.6 μm,而钢的自腐蚀电位仅为-348.52 mV。加入稀土铈后,夹杂物逐渐改性成球状或椭球状的含铈夹杂物,平均尺寸有所降低,而不锈钢耐腐蚀性则有所提高。当铈质量分数达到0.012%时,钢中MnS夹杂全部改性成球状含铈夹杂,不锈钢自腐蚀电位高达-311.25 mV,耐腐蚀性能最好。继续增加稀土铈含量,钢中夹杂物的形状变得不规则,尺寸也有所增加,导致不锈钢耐腐蚀性能降低。     

碲处理对15-5PH钢中硫化物夹杂改性的作用

155PH沉淀硬化不锈钢具有优良的机械加工性能,而钢中夹杂物可以对其性能造成显著影响.在加工时,长条状的硫化物夹杂往往会导致含硫钢的横向性能下降,呈现出明显的各向异性,进而导致材料因断裂而失效.为了研究碲处理对钢中硫化物形貌的影响,利用高温试验、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)及统计方法,研究了碲处理对15-5PH钢...     

Influence of lanthanum as additive and post-treatment on the corrosion protection properties and surface morphology of mild steel chemically treated by a cerium conversion coating

The influence of cerium conversion coating (CeCC) modified by lanthanum in two forms of additive and post-treatment solution on the corrosion resistance, surface morphology and surface chemistry of the mild steel was studied. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, while the scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle test were employed to investigate the surface characteristics. Results reveal that the CeCC post-treated by lanthanum containing solution gives rise to the deposition of a crack free and uniform conversion coating with enhanced corrosion resistance on the steel surface. Also, the surface free energy is increased after post-treatment.     

碳钢在NaCl溶液中初始腐蚀行为的探讨

采用电化学极化与金相显微镜原位观察相结合的方法,对Q235钢在3%NaCl溶液中腐蚀的初始行为进行了研究。借助原子力显微镜对初始腐蚀的试样观察分析,发现试样在-900 mV(vs SCE)就出现了点蚀,点蚀优先在晶界附近的铁素体上生成。蚀坑长大后,优先沿轧制方向发展,而形成腐蚀沟槽。钢中夹杂没有发生活性溶解,导电性夹杂物作为阴极仅对腐蚀过程起促进作用。     

强酸性氯离子环境下低合金钢的点蚀行为

 参照国际海事组织（IMO）发布的《油轮货油舱耐蚀钢性能标准》中所规定的模拟内底板试验方法,对比研究了在强酸性高氯离子浓度的环境下,传统低合金钢和耐蚀低合金钢的腐蚀速率及点蚀行为随温度变化的规律。试验结果表明,添加铜、镍元素的耐蚀低合金钢腐蚀速率较传统低合金钢最高降低了90%以上,并且具有优于传统低合金钢的抑制点蚀增殖、扩展的性能。耐蚀低合金钢表面及点蚀坑内部分布有白色颗粒,为铜元素的再沉积所致。该纯铜颗粒分布于试验钢表面可以有效提高钢的腐蚀电位,在点蚀坑内部的富集可以有效抑制点蚀坑在深度方向上的扩展。     

带有线缺陷熔结环氧/X70钢涂装体系在3.5%NaCl中的电化学行为

使用电化学阻抗(EIS)方法研究了带有线缺陷的熔结环氧/X70钢涂装体系在3.5% Na-Cl中的电化学行为.通过在试样表面以合适的角度划一个20mm×20mm的十字叉,划透至基体,来制得缺陷.结果表明,它的腐蚀失效过程大致可以分为三个步骤在浸泡初期,试样的电化学行为类似裸钢;在中期,随着裸露金属腐蚀产物的增多,会在线缺陷内部造成塞积,使得缺陷内部pH值降低,涂层粘结接头中的离子键发生断裂;在后期,随着剥离区域的增大,会在剥离区域形成缝隙腐蚀,进而加速涂层的剥离和基底金属的腐蚀.     

表面纳米化316L不锈钢在酸性介质中腐蚀性能的研究

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在316L不锈钢上制备出纳米结构表层,研究表层纳米化组织的腐蚀性能. 结果表明:经过60 min SMAT后,样品表面形成了一定厚度的纳米表层.显微组织. 由晶粒尺寸为10～30 nm的双相组织(马氏体和奥氏体)组成. 表层腐蚀性能在c(H2SO4)=0.05 mol/L和c(Na2SO4)=0.25 mol/L构成的腐蚀介质中下降.     

钙处理管线钢中Al_2O_3夹杂物的动力学模型

在热力学计算的基础上,基于未反应核模型,建立了管线钢中Al_2O_3夹杂物变性的动力学模型.计算结果表明,Al_2O_3夹杂物变性过程最难阶段在中段,因此Al_2O_3夹杂物变性的中段应创造良好的夹杂物变性的动力学条件;Al_2O_3夹杂物的尺寸是影响夹杂物变性的重要因素,随着Al_2O_3夹杂物粒径的增加,变性难度急剧增加;本模型计算条件下,只有当钢液中Ca质量分数达到0.0014%时,夹杂物才可能变性为液态钙铝酸盐,钙处理用量不同,Al_2O_3夹杂物变性的产物也不同,应根据Al_2O_3夹杂物变性的目标产物决定用钙量,避免夹杂物变性过度.工业试验较好地验证了本模型的计算结果.     

Ce含量对H13钢中稀土夹杂物析出行为的影响

为了更好地研究Ce含量对H13钢中稀土夹杂物析出行为的影响,通过SEM、EDS和夹杂物自动分析系统观察和统计了稀土夹杂物的类型、形貌、数量及尺寸,并利用Factsage 8.0热力学软件计算了稀土夹杂物的析出过程和析出规律.结果 表明,不同Ce含量下H13钢中稀土夹杂物的形貌与类型相同,主要为Ce-O、Ce-O-S和C...     

Effect of solid-solution treatment on corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of Mg-15Y alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution

The effect of solid-solution treatment on corrosion and electrochemical mechanisms of Mg-15Y alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical testing,immersion testing and SEM observation.The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of Mg-15Y sample gradually deteriorated with immersion time increasing,which was consistent with the observation of corrosion morphologies.The solid-solution treatment decreased the amounts of second phase Mg24Y5.The Ecorr and corrosion rate of as-cast samples were both lower than those of solid solution-treated samples,and both increased with increment of solid solution-treated time.The corrosion mechanism was proposed for the galvanic,pitting and filiform corrosion which varied with the immersion time and solid-solution treatment.     

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in sulfuric acid solution

The corrosion behavior of a weathering steel SPA-C and two acid resistance steels( S-TEN1 and ND) in sulfuric acid solution was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurement techniques.Both potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurement tests indicated that corrosion resistance of these three alloy steels was as follows: ND ≈ S-TEN1 SPA-C.Surface analysis of the corroded samples conducted after the immersion test indicated that two layers were formed on the substrates,with the outer layer comprising Fe SO_4·H_2O and the inner layer mainly comprising iron oxides.The addition of Cu,Cr,and Sb refined the corrosion products and improved the adhesion ability between the rust layer and the substrate.     

7%Cr管线钢在含有CO2盐溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

摘要：利用失重法,结合显微形貌、能谱分析、X射线衍射、电化学测试等手段,分析了中铬钢在高温高压含有CO2的盐溶液环境中腐蚀的萌生与发展,以及热处理工艺对中Cr钢的耐蚀性能影响规律。结果显示：7%Cr（质量分数）钢在有CO2的盐溶液中的腐蚀以点蚀为开端,随后形成由Cr(OH)3和FeCO3组成的非晶态产物膜,产物膜外层有颗粒状FeCO3附着,随着Cr(OH)3的大量产生产物膜中部分FeCO3溶解,随后CaCO3沉淀填补了颗粒状FeCO3溶解后留下的空隙。热处理后淬火试样耐蚀性最好,正火次之,轧制试样最差。     

钨含量及固溶温度对022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了钨含量及固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能的影响。通过化学浸泡失重法和电化学极化曲线法,测试了超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能,并运用Thermo Calc热力学计算辅助分析。结果表明,固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能影响效果显著,在1 100 ℃时,022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN 的耐腐蚀性能达到最佳;在理想的固溶条件下,钨元素有助于钝化膜的形成,钨含量的增加使得022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN的耐腐蚀性能增强,在钨质量分数为1.5%时,022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN获得最佳耐腐蚀性能,若钨含量继续增加,打破了α和γ两相的平衡,则耐蚀性能降低。     

脉冲电流对钢液凝固过程中夹杂物迁移行为的影响

在钢液凝固过程中施加脉冲电流,通过观察和分析凝固试样中夹杂物的形貌、数量、尺寸和分布状态等,以研究施加脉冲电流对钢中夹杂物迁移行为的影响。结果表明,在脉冲电流的影响下,钢液凝固初期形成的晶核会发生脱落而形成结晶雨;在晶核下落过程中,钢中夹杂物也会随之向下部迁移。随着脉冲电流强度的逐渐增加,钢锭上、中部夹杂物逐渐减少,晶粒尺寸变小。在本试验条件下,当电流强度为56.6 A/cm2 时,钢锭上、中部夹杂物的总面积和总数量分别比未施加脉冲电流时的降低46.9% 和35.6%。对于夹杂物含量要求较高的钢种而言,在钢锭凝固过程中施加脉冲电流,控制结晶雨的形成和迁移过程不失为一种有效去除钢中夹杂物、提高钢锭质量的技术手段。     

钙处理对430不锈钢板坯夹杂物的影响

通过热力学计算分析了430铁素体不锈钢钙处理后在生成液态夹杂物区间内钢中钙质量分数和铝质量分数的关系,并对430铁素体不锈钢未采用钙处理和采用钙处理板坯中夹杂物类型、数量进行了对比,分析了钙处理夹杂物变性过程。结果表明,精炼过程喂入硅钙线可以得到理想的钙处理效果。钙处理后430钢水中高熔点的Al_2O_3和低变性的CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO夹杂物得到良好变性,夹杂物数量比未采用钙处理时明显减少,夹杂物尺寸都小于15μm。CaO和Al_2O_3两者通过发生化学反应变性为低熔点的液态夹杂物。