Computer-aided design of engineering software

The paper describes the development of an interactive Computer-Aided Software Design System. The system checks entered software design decisions for correctness and provides fast visual feedback for software designers. It also generates all software design documentation.     

计算机辅助设计软件及其应用分析

计算机辅助设计软件的开发和应用,慢慢取代了原有的手工绘画工具,同时其集二维绘画软件和三维绘画软件于一体,不仅能够提高设计绘画的效率,同时能够将设计人员丰富的设计想象和思维直观的体现出来。本文对现阶段计算机辅助设计软件进行简单概述,并对其应用进行分析,希望对计算机辅助软件应用研究提供一定的参考价值。     

Program design methodologies and the software development process

This research examined program design methodologies which claim to improve the design process by providing strategies to programmers for structuring solutions to computer problems. In this experiment, professional programmers were provided with the specifications for each of three non-trivial problems and asked to produce pseudo-code for each specification according to the principles of a particular design methodology. The measures collected were the time to design and code, percent complete, and complexity, as measured by several metrics. These data were used to develop profiles of the solutions produced by different methodologies and to develop comparisons among the various methodologies. These differences are discussed in light of their impact on the comprehensibility, reliability, and maintainability of the programs produced.     

染色工艺优化计算机辅助软件的设计与开发

针对染色过程工艺优化设计的问题,采用正交试验设计和多元回归分析方法,以主要影响因素为约束变量,以成本最小化为优化目标,构建染色过程数学模型,目的在于通过对工艺参数的定量分析提高工艺设计精度,缩短设计周期.在染色过程模型的基础上,以COM组件为媒介采用混合编程技术,将MATLAB与VC相结合,开发出染色工艺优化计算机辅助系统.该系统综合利用MATLAB成熟的遗传算法代码、算法良好的全局寻优性和寻优精度以及VC友好的界面开发能力,发挥了两者优点,既解决了工艺参数最优化问题,得到有效的可行性解,又充分提高了系统的开发效率和运算速度.实践证明,系统可实现原材料数据的显示、更新、保存以及工艺性能优化、成本和质量预估等功能,为工艺在线优化和智能控制提供条件,有效的降低生产成本、保证产品质量.除此之外,系统工作稳定,操作简单,数据直观,可广泛应用于各种复杂过程中的数据分析和工艺优化场合,具有很好的工程实用价值和推广价值.     

Computer-aided design for manufacturing process selection

This paper describes an expert system that helps designers select a manufacturing process in the early stage of product design. First, the paper focuses on net-shape manufacturing processes and identifies the major factors that affect the selection of an appropriate process. Examples of these factors include shape, production volume and material. A versatile methodology should consider all the factors simultaneously in assessing the suitability of the candidate processes. The proposed system uses the concept of design compatibility analysis to represent the suitability of candidate processes with respect to the given product specifications. The system uses this knowledge to eliminate incompatible candidates and rank the compatible set of processes. A prototype system called DFPS uses HyperCard and Prolog to implement the proposed methodology. DFPS also contains information related to each process.     

统一软件开发过程的研究

简要分析了当前软件开发对软件工程方法的要求;详细介绍了统一软件开发过程（以下简称“统一过程”）的3个突出特点;结合实际信息系统的开发过程,深入讨论了统一过程的生命周期,并对支持统一过程的相关产品及应用进行了相应地描述;最后展望了统一过程的应用前景.     

Computer-aided building design

The major projects being developed at the Computer-Aided Design Centre have promoted the UK to a prominent position in the field of computer-aided building systems using ‘coordinated building methods’. In order that experience gained in this field be applied to the traditional ‘uncoordinated building methods’, the Centre, with the help of Applied Research of Cambridge Ltd, has established a design office ‘club’ called the Design office Consortium (DOC). DOC offers a range of analysis programs with professional support in their use, and DOC members have formed a number of working groups to specify new programs and link together existing ones. The limited c.a.b. system described in this paper indicates the way in which individual programs may be interlinked and thereby employed more efficiently.     

Metaparadigm's adventures: Incorporating design situations in software process design

Our practical experiences and theoretical research in the field of software design and its management have resulted in the conclusion that to enable successful software system design in any design situation we must first design an appropriate design paradigm. This activity was called the metadesign and a metadesign paradigm a metaparadigm. Following recent scientific findings we decided that a metaparadigm should be pluralistic, useful, systemic, easy to use and recursivelly adaptable (recursive adaptability states that a metaparadigm must be an iterative learning system accumulating new knowledge about metadesign, software system design and related). It should be composed out of a suitable framework, theory and a metadesign methodology and philosophy. Currently we have designated the idea of a process as the framework, the Checklands Soft System Methodology as the methodology and philosophy, and the process formalization (metamodeling) as the theory.     

A software development process for small projects

The authors' software development process integrates portions of an iterative, incremental process model with a quality assurance process and a measurement process that is used for process improvement. Their process aims to produce high-quality and timely results with less overhead     

教学软件开发过程模型探讨

在深入分析教学软件特点的基础上,探讨了其开发过程中采用的原型模型、螺旋模型、原型与螺旋两者相结合开发模型的特点,并提出教学设计中,应包含探究式教学设计过程将成为未来教学软件的开发趋势。     

A model of the software development process

This paper presents a model of the programming process. The model has four parts. A resources model specifies how many useful man-months of design effort are available from project team members after subtracting the time required for learning and team communications. A system design model specifies how many man-months of effort are required to derive program module specifications, as a function of the number of team members, program size, and number of modules. A coding model specifies how many man-months of effort are required for coding, as a function of team, module, and program size. Finally, a checkout model specifies how many man-months are required for checkout as a function of program size, error detection and correction rates, and a design-complete factor. The model as a whole predicts that programmer productivity will decrease as project team size is increased and that project duration will first decrease and then increase as team size is increased. It also shows that productivity and project duration vary enormously as a function of project management factors, even when project complexity and programming staff competence are held constant.     

信息化工程中软件系统的组建与开发评估

在组建信息化工程中的软件系统时，无论选择业务外包或内包的组建方式，都必须重视软件开发能力及过程评估，以确保软件产品的质量和项目的成功。文中为此探讨和研究了SEI CMM和ISO／IEC TR 15504等国际通用的评估标准以及评估实施方法。     

基于组件的非线性软件开发过程研究

探讨了通过软件企业的组织结构再造和软件开发流程再造,实现基于组件的非线性软件开发过程的研究。     

Non-functional requirements in the software development process

The satisfaction of a customer's non-functional requirements is an important factor in determining the acceptince of a designed system. They can be seen as constraints on either the final product or on the development process. Each such requirement may generate further constraints, depending on decisions taken, forming a graph, and a path can be traced between the original requirement and a design commitment. Work has been carried out on modelling where in the development process such decisions are best taken using Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems, with agents representing roles and documents. A prototype support environment based on the model is being implemented using C and Motif.     

软件过程改进方法的研究与设计

成熟度模型(CMM)是当前国内外研究的热点。给出了如何理解CMM的基本概念,提出了两种软件过程改进方法,即基于同行评审和测试的软件过程改进方法和基于CASE工具和文档的软件过程改进方法。这两种方法是分别针对现有软件开发机构实施过程改进时遇到的实际问题,结合CMM的关键实践而设计的。最后对现有软件过程活动中存在的问题进行了相关总结。     

Computer-aided software engineering of expert systems

The problem of automatically reprogramming an expert system either to adjust for solving different types of computational problems or to improve run-time performance is addressed. A computer-aided software engineering (CASE) method using artificial intelligence techniques to instantiate a concrete program from a given abstract expert system architecture is proposed. Our method, called expert system reification, is suitable for use in a large range of problem-solving behaviors. Reification combines meta-level programming with partial evaluation of the program. Expert system reification extends the above blend with a knowledge-based translation module, thus obtaining an efficient and portable expert system version. We demonstrate the method by applying it to STAREX, an electronic circuit pack troubleshooting expert system developed in PROLOG to derive automatically the corresponding C code, which is currently installed at one of the AT&T manufacturing facilities.     

间歇精馏设计软件的开发

利用Visual Basic 6.0语言开发间歇精馏常规设计及优化设计软件。软件可用于不同物系(二元理想及非理想溶液),采用不同操作方式(恒馏出液组成操作和恒回流比操作)间歇精馏的常规设计和优化设计(包括单变量优化和多变量优化)计算。软件采用面向对象的编程技术,对精馏组分的物性参数、汽液相平衡数据实行数据库操作,界面友好,使用方便。     

Engineering software design processes to guide process execution

Using systematic development processes is an important characteristic of any mature engineering discipline. In current software practice, software design methodologies (SDMs) are intended to be used to help design software more systematically. This paper shows, however, that one well-known example of such an SDM, Booch Object-Oriented Design (BOOD), as described in the literature is too imprecise and incomplete to be considered as a fully systematic process for specific projects. To provide more effective and appropriate guidance and control in software design processes, we applied the process programming concept to the design process. Given two different sets of plausible design process requirements, we elaborated two more detailed and precise design processes that are responsive to these requirements. We have also implemented, experimented with, and evaluated a prototype (called Debus-Booch) that supports the execution of these detailed processes