重塑工具工业发展切削技术——对工具行业"十一五"发展的思考

当前，一个从“建设制造强国”到“振兴装备制造业”再到“发展数控机床”的认识深化过程，正在转变为有关部门的行动，并在编制“十一五”行业发展规划中，开列了关键技术、共性技术和重点产品开发的研发项目。振兴装备制造业是建设制造强国实现工业现代化的前提条件。然而，装备制造业的振兴主要靠两条，一条是制造装备的装备-工作母机-机床，这在现阶段必须优先发展数控机床；另一条是制造装备的工艺技术-铸、锻、焊、冲压、切削、电加工等加工工艺，其中关键是切削工艺技术，因为它在很大程度上关系着装备制造业的效率、质量、成本和产品的最终性能，也决定着数控机床性能的发挥，并且还是推动制造技术向着高速、高效、复合、智能、环保方向发展的一项主要工艺技术。美、日、德等制造强国，不仅是数控机床的制造强国，并且也是切削技术和刀具生产的强国，下图是德国的汽车产值与工模具产值的关系。     

工具行业和企业战略发展思考

1 引言 我国工具工业经历了上世纪90年代后期的艰难调整,自本世纪初走出低谷,并开始进入高速发展的轨道.特别是在高新技术的带动和制造业发展的影响下,当代切削技术的进步和刀具工业的变化显现出质的飞跃,进入了"高速、高效、智能、复合、环保"的发展新阶段,出现了高速(效)切削、复合加工、网络制造、远程服务、绿色制造等新的加工技术及服务手段,为我国工业开发新产品、提高加工效率和加工质量、降低制造成本、缩短交货周期、保护环境、降低消耗发挥了重要的作用.     

印度机床行业纵览（下）

2004年是印度经济和工业连续快建增长的第二个年度，特别是制造行业，GDP增长率高达6.9％，这使印度成为世界上增长最快的区域之一。     

我国齿轮制造装备现状

齿轮制造业是从属于主机制造业的一个配套产业，它随着主机行业的发展而兴衰。“十五”期间，由于主机行业发展情况良好，中国齿轮制造业到2005年底有较大增长，中国已成为世界齿轮制造大国。齿轮制造行业的高速发展，又反过来要求机床制造水平不断提高，以满足汽车、航空、航天等行业的发展。     

对工具行业"十一五"发展的思考

山特维克工具公司硬质合金和硬质合金工具部分的年利润近6亿美元,我国硬质合金行业利润约近6亿元人民币,不及山特维克工具公司的八分之一. 当前,一个从"建设制造强国"到"振兴装备制造业"再到"发展数控机床"的认识深化过程,正在转变为有关部门的行动,并在编制"十一五"行业发展规划中,开列了关键技术、共性技术和重点产品开发的研发项目.     

内燃机行业发展需要先进技术装备保障

当前,全球经济正处在一个根本性的变革时期,人类社会正在由工业经济时代步入知识经济时代,我国正处在工业化加速发展的重要阶段.众所周知在以高科技产业为主要支柱,以智力资源为主要依托的知识经济条件下,制造业正在发生革命性的变化,制造技术正在发生质的飞跃.世界上越来越多的人认识到制造业和制造技术发展的重要性.没有先进的制造业,无论哪一个产业都将失去存在和发展的条件.装备工业是制造业的基础产业,必须随着制造技术的不断变化,加快技术创新,加快培养与之相适应的技能人才队伍.     

切削技术与刀具工业的新时代

从20世纪后期开始,随着科学技术的进步,制造业得到了迅速的发展,并对世界经济的增长起到重要的推动作用。制造业的发展与制造技术的进步分不开,尤其是与直接关系到制造业中重要工业部门及装备制造业发展的机械加工技术的进步密不可分。     

加快数控刀具应用促进制造业发展

当前,在经济全球化的过程中,世界制造业的中心正逐步转向亚洲和中国。抓住这个机遇,大力发展以数控刀具为特征的先进切削加工技术是当前我国机械加工业发展的迫切需要。 一金属切削加工技术的进步与制造业的发展 首先,工业发达国家九十年代经济快速增长的经验表明,即使在当今高新技术日新月异的情况下,制造业及制造技术的发展对经济的增长仍起着十分重要的作用。 根据美国制造商协会的报告:制造     

行业企业联盟与区域制造发展战略

我国致力于建造世界级制造业基地，企业网络联盟是发展制造业的重要战略之一。在介绍区域制造和行业企业联盟的基础上，提出了以行业和区域为结合点的新的企业结盟形式：区域型行业企业联盟。阐述了区域型行业企业联盟的基本思想和组织实现方法，它以区域型统一信息平台为纽带，以区域和行业为结合点，为制造企业尤其是中小型企业的合作共生提供了崭新策略。最后，阐述了区域型行业企业联盟对我国制造业发展产生的作用和意义。     

辛国斌出席2018世界制造业大会智能制造论坛并作主旨报告

正2018年5月25日,"2018世界制造业大会智能制造论坛"在安徽合肥召开。工业和信息化部党组成员、副部长辛国斌出席并作主旨报告。辛国斌指出,智能制造是世界制造业发展的大趋势,是我国制造业紧跟世界先进制造业步伐、构筑竞争新优势的关键所在。当前,我国经济已由高速增长进入高质量发展阶段,正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.