燃煤中全硫测定的质量控制和质量保证

在质量保证和质量控制理论基础上,结合目前煤种全硫监测工作实践,从监测技术人员的选择、现场样品采集、运输和保存、监测仪器、实验室分析的条件控制及实验室内质量控制几个环节做好质量保证,介绍了桂林市环境监测中心站部分煤中全硫实验的质量管理过程。结果表明：桂林市燃煤中全硫测定的精密度和准确度达到国家标准规定的质量控制指标,确保了桂林市燃煤全硫监测工作的质量,使全硫监测结果达到代表性、完整性、精密性、准确性和可比性的质量要求。     

Partikelmeßtechnik Status,Trend – Bedarf

Particle Measurement, State of the Art, Trends – Needs. An excellent overview of the various goals of particle technology, which have long extended far beyond particle size analysis, is provided by POWTECH . The following examples should serve to illustrate the scope of such measurements and the trends noted in this area: measurements for the monitoring of clean rooms; measurements supporting process engineering developments; and process analysis. There is wide range of instrumentation available for the assessment of dispersed product states. Based on proven principles these instruments are becoming more user friendly and available with improved data evaluation; the methods of evaluation are, unfortunately, still not clear to the user. The current trend is in two directions: (1) simultaneous acquisition of several measurements for more accurate determination of the required quantity or for determination of two different quantities and (2) on-line or in-line measurement, which has to be fast, economical, and safe.     

Radiometric methods for UV process design and process monitoring

A wide variety of radiometric instruments are now available for measuring the radiant characteristics of industrial and laboratory UV lamps. Relating these characteristics to the performance of a UV-cured product depends on how well the selected parameters match the critical factors of the cure process. Further, the distinction between process design and process monitoring is significant, especially in the UV exposure characteristics to be measured. The differences in instruments and the reasons for these differences are followed by suggestions of how to avoid some common errors and how to report data more completely. Optical terminology, specifications, methods, and how radiometric measures are used in system design and in production monitoring are presented. Presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 30–November 1, 2002, in New Orleans, LA. 910 Clopper Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878. Photo courtesy of Electronic Instrumentation & Technology (EIT), Inc., Sterling, VA.     

浅谈环境监测站仪器设备的管理

环境监测工作日益繁多,所使用的仪器设备种类也日渐增多。环境监测站仪器设备管理是否科学有效,密切关系着监测数据的质量。从仪器设备的采配验收,量值溯源,日常管理,档案管理方面对环境监测站仪器设备管理过程进行了阐述,并结合仪器设备管理员的工作实际提出了一些管理经验。     

应用快速测定仪测定废水样中的氨氮含量

应用美国哈希COD快速测定仪(进口)与欧陆科仪COD快速测定仪(国产)测定实际水样的氨氮含量。通过与国标(纳氏试剂分光光度法)的实验结果进行对比,通过精密度、准确度及加标回收等实验结果,得出:两种COD快速测定仪测定实际水样的氨氮含量均具有良好的线性关系,虽然灵敏度比国家标准方法低,但精密度和准确度均较高,符合国家检测要求,与国家标准方法的测定结果无显著性差异,而且分析速度快,试剂耗量低,二次污染少,值得在废水监测中推广使用。     

炼厂罐区废气治理装置远程监控系统设计

介绍了以工控机、PLC以及控制设备和检测仪表所组成的炼油厂罐区油气回收自动监控系统。工控机通过组态王软件进行组态,PLC作为现场控制单元,配合各种检测设备对油气回收装置中的工艺参数进行采集,实时监测废气处理过程与设备运行状态,并对现场调节阀和动设备进行相应控制。同时,利用现场总线进行数据交换,完成整套装置的自动监控与管理。从监控结果中可知,PLC与上位机之间数据传送可靠稳定、操作简单,提高了炼油厂的监控和管理水平。     

Plant monitoring and fault detection: Synergy between data reconciliation and principal component analysis

Data reconciliation and principal component analysis are two recognised statistical methods used for plant monitoring and fault detection. We propose to combine them for increased efficiency. Data reconciliation is used in the first step of the determination of the projection matrix for principal component analysis (eigenvectors). Principal component analysis can then be applied to raw process data for monitoring purpose. The combined use of these techniques aims at a better efficiency in fault detection. It relies mainly in a lower number of components to monitor. The method is applied to a modelled ammonia synthesis loop.     

硅酸根在线分析仪

针对燃煤发电机组汽水系统中硅酸根对于热力设备安全的影响,阐述了硅酸根监测的重要性,着重介绍了FIA-33M型硅酸根在线分析仪的化学原理、测量流程、操作步骤、性能参数。通过分析对比FIA-33M型硅酸根在线分析仪在实际运行与实验室手动测定得出的数值,认为该仪器可以完成针对燃煤发电机组汽水系统中硅酸根在线监测任务。     

HART375手持终端在智能仪表方面的应用

HART375手持终端是支持HART协议设备的手持通讯器,主要用于工业现场对HART通信协议智能仪表进行组态、调整以及对运行过程中的仪表进行过程变量的监测。本文主要介绍了HART375手持终端对智能仪表的应用,具有一定的实用价值。     

计算机过程控制系统在化学合成制药生产中的应用

在传统的化学合成制药生产中,由于工艺过程复杂、工艺路线长、生产防爆等特点一般采用独立的现场仪表进行简单的控制．控制水平较低。本文介绍了采用计算机过程控制系统对化学合成生产工艺过程进行控制的实例．系统提供了复杂控制能力、对生产过程实时数据进行监控和趋势曲线记录以及报警功能,满足安全性、易用性、易扩展性等使用要求,提高了对合成过程的控制精度和控制水平,从而达到了提高生产效率的目的。、     

海水总氮测定的影响因素及注意事项

海水总氮是实验室中常见的分析项目,目前主要采用碱性过硫酸钾氧化法.此方法虽易操作,所用仪器少,但操作过程比较繁琐,使得测定结果容易受到各因素影响,文章结合多年来测定总氮的实际操作经验总结出几个影响分析质量因素及注意事项,为提高监测数据的准确度提供一定的参考意见.     

Operational experience with the automatic control system for the desulfurization of coke-oven gas at OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat

Operational experience with the automatic control system for the desulfurization of coke-oven gas at OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat is considered. This system was designed by Krupp-Koppers. Problems with the control system are analyzed—in particular, problems typical of control systems with feedback and photometric instruments. In practice, perturbation-based automatic control systems are more likely to ensure reliable and stable operation of the desulfurization system, if the operator periodically corrects the parameters in the control algorithm on the basis of independent monitoring of the process.     

动态库仑法快速测定重油中硫含量

采用动态库仑分析法对重油中硫进行测定。介绍测硫基本原理,仪器及试剂,实验方法。结果表明:该方法与标准方法〔GB/T38790《深色石油产品硫含量测定法(管式炉法)》〕测定值的绝对差值<0.15%。该方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)<3%,具有准确、快速、简便的特点。     

Soft sensors model optimization and application for the refinery real-time prediction of toluene content

Industrial facilities nowadays show an increasing need for continuous measurements, monitoring and controlling many process variables. The on-line process analyzers, being the key indicators of process and product quality, are often unavailable or malfunction. This paper describes development of soft sensor models based on the real plant data that could replace an on-line analyzer when it is unavailable, or to monitor and diagnose an analyzer’s performance. Soft sensors for continuous toluene content estimation based on the real aromatic plant data are developed. The autoregressive model with exogenous inputs, output error, the nonlinear autoregressive model consisted of exogenous inputs and Hammerstein–Wiener models were developed. In case of complex real-plant processes a large number of model regressors and coefficients need to be optimized. To overcome an exhaustive trial-and-error procedure of optimal model regressor order determination, differential evolution optimization method is applied. In general, the proposed approach could be, of interest for the development of dynamic polynomial identification models. The performance of the models are validated on the real-plant data.     

极寒地区仪表防冻措施研究

针对呼伦贝尔金新化工有限公司所处地理位置的特殊气候环境,以及化工工艺的危险性和仪表点多、面广的特点,在极寒天气下采取独特的防冻措施,对仪表伴热实施智能化监控,使仪表长期在许可温度范围内工作,保证仪表测量的数据准确、可靠.     

浅谈关于水中油类监测分析应注意的几个问题

在从事水中油类监测分析几年间,笔者发现监测结果的准确度受到水样保存方法与时间、四氯化碳批次、分析室内温度、比色皿的正确操作、仪器洗涤方法等因素影响较大。为了确保测定结果准确可靠,针对上述诸多影响,笔者总结了水中油类监测分析应注意的几个问题,仅供同行们参考。     

基于GSA-LSTM动态结构特征提取的间歇过程监测方法

间歇过程监测对于保证批次生产过程的稳定运行具有重要意义。传统过程监测方法难以提取间歇过程数据特有的非线性结构和动态时变特征。为此,提出了一种融合图采样聚合网络和长短期记忆网络(GSA-LSTM)的典型相关分析方法用于间歇过程在线监测。首先,利用K近邻方法将批次过程数据转化为图结构形式,利用图采样聚合网络(GraphSAGE)提取数据内部的结构特征,然后利用长短期记忆网络(LSTM)提取数据的非线性动态特征,通过权重系数将结构特征和动态特征融合得到更具有代表性的间歇过程数据特征。进一步地,利用典型相关分析方法对残差建立监测模型。最后将所提方法应用于数值例子和注塑过程监测,结果分析验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于GSA-LSTM动态结构特征提取的间歇过程监测方法

间歇过程监测对于保证批次生产过程的稳定运行具有重要意义。传统过程监测方法难以提取间歇过程数据特有的非线性结构和动态时变特征。为此,提出了一种融合图采样聚合网络和长短期记忆网络(GSA-LSTM)的典型相关分析方法用于间歇过程在线监测。首先,利用K近邻方法将批次过程数据转化为图结构形式,利用图采样聚合网络(GraphSAGE)提取数据内部的结构特征,然后利用长短期记忆网络(LSTM)提取数据的非线性动态特征,通过权重系数将结构特征和动态特征融合得到更具有代表性的间歇过程数据特征。进一步地,利用典型相关分析方法对残差建立监测模型。最后将所提方法应用于数值例子和注塑过程监测,结果分析验证了所提方法的有效性。     

溶解氧指标的意义和几种测定方法

溶解氧是一个重要的水质指标,在环境监测、水污染控制和环境化学中都需要观察和测定溶解氧。我国颁布的许多水质标准中都包含有溶解氧,溶解氧的含量和许多因素有关,水质恶化时溶解氧的含量很低甚至趋近零。溶解氧和生化需氧量是生化处理废水工艺设计和动力学研究的重要参数。水体自净程度与溶解氧有密切的关系。随着现代仪器的发展,溶解氧监测技术也在不断的发展,出现了许多新的测定溶解氧的方法,为检测便利和准确提供了手段。