基于改进SSD算法的遥感图像目标检测

在遥感图像目标检测领域,多数目标检测算法针对小目标检测时效果不佳,为此,提出一种多尺度特征融合的遥感图像目标检测算法。利用SSD算法的基础网络进行特征提取,形成特征图金字塔。设计特征图融合模块,融合浅层特征图的位置信息和深层特征图的语义信息,从而保留丰富的上下文信息。设计冗余信息去除模块,通过卷积操作进一步提取特征图中的特征,并对特征信息进行筛选,以减少特征图融合时带来的混叠效应。在遥感图像数据集NWPU VHR-10上的实验结果表明,该算法的平均检测精度高达93.9%,其针对遥感图像小目标的检测性能优于Faster R-CNN和SSD等算法。     

基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测与识别

为解决目前的遥感图像目标检测算法存在的对小尺度目标检测精度低和检测速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测与识别算法。首先,构建一个含有不同尺度大小的遥感图像的数据集用于模型的训练和测试;其次,基于原始的多尺度单发射击（SSD）网络模型,融入了设计的浅层特征融合模块、浅层特征增强模块和深层特征增强模块;最后,在训练策略上引入聚焦分类损失函数,以解决训练过程中正负样本失衡的问题。在高分辨率遥感图像数据集上进行实验,结果表明所提算法的检测平均精度均值（mAP）达到77.95%,相较于SSD网络模型提高了3.99个百分点,同时检测速度为33.8 frame/s。此外,在拓展实验中,改进算法对高分辨率遥感图像中模糊目标的检测效果也优于原多尺度单发射击网络模型。实验结果说明,所提改进算法能够有效地提高遥感图像目标检测的精度。     

基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测与识别

为解决目前的遥感图像目标检测算法存在的对小尺度目标检测精度低和检测速度慢等问题，提出了一种基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测与识别算法。首先，构建一个含有不同尺度大小的遥感图像的数据集用于模型的训练和测试；其次，基于原始的多尺度单发射击（SSD）网络模型，融入了设计的浅层特征融合模块、浅层特征增强模块和深层特征增强模块；最后，在训练策略上引入聚焦分类损失函数，以解决训练过程中正负样本失衡的问题。在高分辨率遥感图像数据集上进行实验，结果表明所提算法的检测平均精度均值（mAP）达到77.95%，相较于SSD网络模型提高了3.99个百分点，同时检测速度为33.8 frame/s。此外，在拓展实验中，改进算法对高分辨率遥感图像中模糊目标的检测效果也优于原多尺度单发射击网络模型。实验结果说明，所提改进算法能够有效地提高遥感图像目标检测的精度。     

基于双注意力机制的遥感图像目标检测

针对遥感图像在复杂背景下小目标检测精度较低的问题,提出一种基于双注意力机制模型的SSD检测算法。该算法在前端特征提取网络中引入双注意力机制模型,强化低层特征图中小目标的有效特征信息并抑制冗余的语义信息,实现自适应特征学习;并在空间注意力模型中引入空洞卷积,保证卷积核感受野的同时减少了网络参数。引入Focal loss损失函数作为改进算法的分类损失函数,改善网络在训练过程中样本失衡的问题,增加正样本与难样本在训练时的权重比例,提升算法的检测性能。对遥感图像数据集NWPU VHR-10进行检测的结果表明,本文的改进算法在保证检测速度的同时提高了检测精度。与传统SSD算法相比,改进SSD算法的mAP提高了2.25个百分点,达到79.65%。     

基于SSD模型的交通标志检测算法

针对交通标志图像中目标物较小,SSD(单次多框检测)模型对其检测精度不佳的问题,提出一种基于SSD模型改进的卷积网络算法.在原SSD特征层基础上加入低层特征图,并将低层邻近特征图进行融合,实现不同特征层的多元信息分类预测与位置回归.对SSD默认框的大小选取进行k-means聚类分析,调整原有默认框比例,加快模型收敛.通过不同数据集进行验证,实验结果表明,该算法表现出较好的检测效果,同时满足实时性的要求.     

自适应融合多尺度特征的无锚框遥感图像目标检测算法

针对遥感图像内容丰富且复杂,具有目标种类多、密集分布和尺寸变化剧烈等特点,导致遥感图像中目标多尺度尤其是小目标难以检测的问题,提出一种基于自适应多尺度特征融合(AMFF)和注意力特征增强(AFE)的无锚框遥感图像目标检测算法.首先将主干网络提取的图像特征输入AMFF,自适应地融合多个尺度的特征,增加特征复用,提升网络的多尺度特征表达能力;然后将AMFF输出的特征输入到加入了AFE模块的检测头中,AFE通过结合多分支空洞卷积与注意力机制,在提高网络对目标尺度的泛化能力的同时增强有效特征信息;最后进行分类和回归,得到检测结果.在DIOR和NWPU VHR-10公开数据集上,与多种主流目标检测算法的实验结果表明,所提算法在2个数据集上的平均检测精度分别为72.4%和87.4%,较基线网络分别提升9.4和13.5个百分点,比次优结果分别提升6.3和1.7个百分点;平均检测精度高于主流目标检测算法,较基线网络的平均检测精度显著提高,能够更加准确地检测小尺度目标,同时有效地提升多尺度目标的检测精度.     

多尺度卷积特征融合的SSD目标检测算法

提出了一种改进的多尺度卷积特征目标检测方法,用以提高SSD(single shot multibox detector)模型对中目标和小目标的检测精确度。该方法先对SSD模型低层特征层采用区域放大提取的方法以提高对小目标的检测能力,再对高层特征层进行特征提取以改善中目标的检测效果。最后,利用SSD模型中原有的多尺度卷积检测方法,将改进的多层特征检测结果进行融合,并通过参数再训练以获得最终改进的SSD模型。实验结果表明,该方法在MS COCO数据集上对中目标和小目标的测试精确度分别为75.1%和40.5%,相比于原有SSD模型分别提升16.3%和23.1%。     

双向特征融合的数据自适应SAR图像舰船目标检测模型

目的 利用合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）图像进行舰船目标检测是实施海洋监视的重要手段。基于深度学习的目标检测模型在自然图像目标检测任务中取得了巨大成功,但由于自然图像与SAR图像的差异,不能将其直接迁移到SAR图像目标检测中。针对SAR图像目标检测实际应用中对速度和精度的需求,借鉴经典的单阶段目标检测模型（single shot detector,SSD）框架,提出一种基于特征优化的轻量化SAR图像舰船目标检测网络。方法 改进模型并精简网络结构,提出一种数据驱动的目标分布聚类算法,学习SAR数据集的目标尺度、长宽比分布特性,用于网络参数设定;对卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network,CNN）提取的特征进行优化,提出一种双向高低层特征融合机制,将高层特征的语义信息通过语义聚合模块加成到低层特征中,在低层特征中提取特征平均图,处理后作为高层特征的注意力权重图对高层特征进行逐像素加权,将低层特征丰富的空间信息融入到高层特征中。结果 利用公开的SAR舰船目标检测数据集（SAR ship detection dataset,SSDD）进行实验,与原始的SSD模型相比,轻量化结构设计在不损失检测精度的前提下,样本测试时间仅为SSD的65%;双向特征融合机制将平均精确度（average precision,AP）值由77.93%提升至80.13%,训练和测试时间分别为SSD的64.1%和72.6%;与公开的基于深度学习的SAR舰船目标检测方法相比,本文方法在速度和精度上都取得了最佳性能,AP值较精度次优模型提升了1.23%,训练和测试时间较精度次优模型分别提升了559.34 ms和175.35 ms。结论 实验充分验证了本文所提模型的有效性,本文模型兼具检测速度与精度优势,具有很强的实用性。     

改进YOLOv3遥感小目标检测算法

针对目前在遥感目标检测领域广泛使用的YOLOv3算法存在对小目标物体的特征表达能力不足,检测效果不好的问题,本文提出一种改进的YOLOv3小目标检测算法.首先,引入全局信息注意力机制并改进特征提取网络和特征金字塔结构,提高模型小目标特征提取能力和检测能力;其次,对数据集进行单尺度Retinex融合特征增强,提高模型对小目标特征的学习效果;最后,使用自适应锚框优化算法对anchors进行优化,提高anchors和目标的匹配程度.选用遥感数据集RSOD进行实验,本文算法的全类平均精度为92.5%,相比经典YOLOv3算法,提高10.1%,对遥感小目标的检测效果得到明显提升.     

基于FD-SSD的遥感图像多目标检测方法

针对遥感图像中目标物体过小,不易检测的难点,提出对SSD的改进网络FD-SSD(Feature Fusion and Dilated Convolution Single Shot Multibox Detector)。FD-SSD去掉了SSD网络数据预处理层的随机剪裁步骤,并结合FSSD将具有高分辨率的低层特征图和具有高语义信息的高层特征图进行融合。使用空洞卷积增大第三层特征图的感受野,利用具有高分辨率的低层特征图对小目标进行预测。同时不再使用1×1的顶层特征图产生目标框。模型训练阶段将原始遥感图像进行"二次切割"处理,增加训练样本量。在预测阶段先将原始图像进行切割预测,再将目标框映射回原图,并对原图所有的目标框进行二次非极大值抑制(NMS),保留最优目标框。FD-SSD在DOTA数据集上有良好的表现,比原始SSD的m AP提升31%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。